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Launching new products in international markets: waterfall versus sprinkler strategy of Korean SMEs 在国际市场推出新产品:韩国中小企业的瀑布战略与洒水车战略
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1108/imr-05-2022-0106
H. Cho, Jong-Ho Lee, Insik Jeong
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate an understudied topic—new product strategy in international markets. Specifically, this study aims to address the crucial role played by organizational characteristics and market characteristics in determining a firm's decision of adopting either a waterfall or a sprinkler product strategy for international markets.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis was conducted using survey data collected from a sample of 171 Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study uses logistic regression analysis to test the relationships among organizational characteristics, market characteristics and a firm's international product strategy.FindingsThe empirical results suggest that firm characteristics, such as higher degree of internationalization, lead the firms to choose the sprinkler strategy. Moreover, this research finds that a firm's choice between the waterfall and the sprinkler strategy varies depending on market characteristics such as competitive intensity and market turbulence. The findings indicate that the sprinkler strategy is more optimal for use when firms operate under a high level of competitive intensity, whereas a waterfall strategy is more suitable for firms that encounter a high level of market turbulence in targeted foreign markets.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the international marketing literature by exploring the impact of organizational characteristics and market characteristics on a firm's new product strategy in international markets.
本研究的目的是探讨一个尚未被充分研究的主题-国际市场上的新产品策略。具体而言,本研究旨在解决组织特征和市场特征在决定公司采用瀑布或洒水产品战略的国际市场决策中所起的关键作用。设计/方法/方法实证分析采用从171家韩国中小企业(SMEs)样本中收集的调查数据进行。本研究运用逻辑回归分析检验组织特征、市场特征与企业国际化产品战略之间的关系。实证结果表明,企业国际化程度较高等企业特征导致企业选择洒水式战略。此外,本研究发现,企业在瀑布式策略和洒水式策略之间的选择取决于竞争强度和市场动荡等市场特征。研究结果表明,当企业在高竞争强度下运营时,喷淋策略更适合使用,而瀑布策略更适合在目标国外市场遇到高水平市场动荡的企业。原创性/价值本研究通过探索组织特征和市场特征对公司在国际市场上的新产品战略的影响,为国际营销文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 2
The role of online channel in influencing perceived firm size and brand authenticity in international marketing 在线渠道在国际营销中影响感知企业规模和品牌真实性的作用
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1108/imr-03-2022-0070
F. Septianto, Arnold Japutra, P. Putra, Tyson Ang
PurposeThis research investigates the role of marketing channel selection in influencing brand authenticity and purchase likelihood in the international marketing domain. Further, perceived firm size is identified as a mediator in this regard. The moderating role of consumer skepticism is also considered.Design/methodology/approachThree experimental studies were carried out across three different markets (India, the US and the UK) in the context of South Korean brands.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that firms utilizing (only) online channels are perceived to be smaller than those that utilize hybrid channels (i.e. both online and physical stores) or offline channels (i.e. physical stores). When consumers perceive firms to be smaller, they also report higher levels of brand authenticity, which in turn increases their purchase likelihood. Further, this effect is weaker among consumers with high levels of skepticism.Originality/valueThe findings of the present research contribute to the international marketing literature by demonstrating how consumers perceive online marketing channels, the role of marketing channel selection in driving brand authenticity, as well as providing managerial implications on how to promote products in the international market.
目的研究国际营销领域中,营销渠道选择对品牌真实性和购买可能性的影响。此外,感知企业规模被确定为这方面的中介。还考虑了消费者怀疑主义的调节作用。在韩国品牌的背景下,在三个不同的市场(印度、美国和英国)进行了三项实验研究。研究结果表明,仅利用在线渠道的公司被认为比那些利用混合渠道(即在线和实体店)或线下渠道(即实体店)的公司要小。当消费者认为公司规模较小时,他们也会报告更高水平的品牌真实性,这反过来又增加了他们的购买可能性。此外,这种影响在持高度怀疑态度的消费者中较弱。原创性/价值本研究的发现通过展示消费者如何看待在线营销渠道,营销渠道选择在推动品牌真实性方面的作用,以及为如何在国际市场上推广产品提供管理启示,为国际营销文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 1
The role of advertising, distribution intensity and store image in achieving global brand loyalty in an emerging market 在新兴市场中,广告、分销强度和店铺形象在实现全球品牌忠诚度方面的作用
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1108/imr-06-2021-0200
Leslie Lang, Abhishek Behl, Francisco Guzmán, V. Pereira, M. Del Giudice
PurposeScholars have paid considerable attention to the importance of brand loyalty of durable consumer products in developed markets. However, no study has investigated the simultaneous impact of advertising efforts, distribution intensity and store image on global brand loyalty (GBL) of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in emerging markets. This study aims to fill this gap.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts (1) established theoretical lenses: brand equity, marketing mix and cue utilization theories, (2) a mixed-methods approach: a focus group and two surveys and (3) structural equation modeling on two samples of consumers (one homogeneous and one heterogeneous) of global soft drink brands in Vietnam.FindingsThe study reveals significant and nonsignificant relationships among the selected marketing mix elements and brand loyalty and its antecedents of global FMCG. Slight differences in these relationships among the two samples are found. The existing scales are also reconciled with more suitable indicators. The results significantly contribute to the existing knowledge on marketing mix, brand equity and GBL, and global consumer culture.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate the simultaneous effects of advertising efforts, distribution intensity, and store image on brand loyalty and its antecedents of global FMCG in an emerging market. The findings will help practitioners develop suitable global branding strategies to manage global brand image and achieve consumer loyalty across emerging markets.
目的学者们对发达市场耐用消费品品牌忠诚度的重要性给予了相当大的关注。然而,没有研究调查广告力度、分销强度和商店形象对新兴市场快速消费品全球品牌忠诚度的同时影响。本研究旨在填补这一空白。设计/方法论/方法本研究采用了(1)既定的理论视角:品牌资产、营销组合和线索利用理论,(2)混合方法:一个焦点小组和两项调查,以及(3)对越南全球软饮料品牌的两个消费者样本(一个同质消费者和一个异质消费者)的结构方程建模。发现该研究揭示了所选营销组合要素与全球快消品的品牌忠诚度及其前因之间的显著和非显著关系。两个样本之间的这些关系略有不同。现有的比额表也与更合适的指标相协调。研究结果对现有的营销组合、品牌资产和GBL以及全球消费者文化方面的知识做出了重大贡献。创意/价值这是第一项调查广告力度、分销强度和商店形象对新兴市场中全球快速消费品品牌忠诚度及其影响因素的同时影响的研究。研究结果将帮助从业者制定合适的全球品牌战略,以管理全球品牌形象,并在新兴市场实现消费者忠诚度。
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引用次数: 2
Social media and international business: views and conceptual framing 社交媒体与国际商业:观点与概念框架
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1108/imr-06-2021-0191
M. Saari, L. Haapanen, P. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen
PurposeThe objective of this paper is to increase understanding of social media in international business context. To this end, the authors make an attempt to integrate the existing, still somewhat limited views in a framework that advances the knowledge of scholars and decision-makers on this topic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a conceptual study supported by use of a systematic literature review method.FindingsThis study shows marketing as a dominant area of discussion and reveals that many firm functions where social media plays a role have received relatively little attention. Furthermore, the study shows that the positive features of social media in international activity tend to be more widely acknowledged and better understood than the potentially problematic aspects.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of articles analyzed in this study was relatively small, resonating with the nature of an emerging research area. Research on social media has only taken off over the last years, and it is understandable that there is limited research that connects it specifically to phenomena of international business.Practical implicationsThis study reminds managers to be cautious when using social media in international markets. The relationship between social media and international business exhibits dynamism and is dependent on a variety of factors. Social media does not come without costs, nor is easily transferred from one market to another. Efficient use of this media in the international context may increase the need of specific and qualified human resources, and it may necessitate having the whole process from R&D to delivery, and beyond, ready for adaptation.Originality/valueIt can be argued that we know too little about the relevant factors and relationships between social media and international business. The authors hope that this study revealing the scarcely studied aspects and suggesting a tentative framework for capturing the dynamics of social media and international business can guide subsequent research and accelerate its emergence.
本文的目的是增加对国际商业背景下社交媒体的理解。为此,作者试图将现有的,仍然有些有限的观点整合到一个框架中,以提高学者和决策者对这一主题的认识。设计/方法/方法作者通过使用系统的文献综述方法进行概念性研究。这项研究表明,市场营销是讨论的主要领域,并揭示了社会媒体发挥作用的许多公司职能受到的关注相对较少。此外,该研究表明,社交媒体在国际活动中的积极特征往往比潜在的问题方面得到更广泛的承认和更好的理解。研究局限性/意义本研究分析的文章数量相对较少,这与新兴研究领域的性质相一致。对社交媒体的研究在过去几年才开始起步,可以理解的是,将社交媒体与国际商业现象具体联系起来的研究有限。实际意义本研究提醒管理者在国际市场上使用社交媒体时要谨慎。社交媒体与国际商业之间的关系表现出活力,并取决于多种因素。社交媒体并非没有成本,也不容易从一个市场转移到另一个市场。在国际范围内有效地使用这种媒介可能会增加对特定和合格人力资源的需求,并且可能需要从研发到交付及其后的整个过程做好适应的准备。独创性/价值可以说,我们对社交媒体与国际商业之间的相关因素和关系了解得太少。作者希望本研究揭示了研究较少的方面,并提出了一个尝试性的框架来捕捉社交媒体和国际商业的动态,可以指导后续研究并加速其出现。
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引用次数: 2
Guest editorial: Systematic literature reviews in international marketing: from the past to the future and beyond 客座编辑:国际营销中的系统文献综述:从过去到未来
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1108/imr-09-2022-390
D. Vrontis, J. Hulland, J. Shaw, Ajai S. Gaur, M. Czinkota, M. Christofi
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引用次数: 2
Enhancing servitization by international consumer integration: the influence of open innovation and co-creation 国际消费一体化提升服务化:开放创新与共同创造的影响
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1108/imr-12-2021-0361
Allam K. Abu Farha, O. Al-kwifi, Georgia Sakka, P. Nguyen, Z. Ahmed
PurposeResearch demonstrates that servitization can achieve competitive advantages for firms; however, many firms are unable to achieve their target values due to various challenges. This study proposes a new model in which open innovation and co-creation are utilized to access consumer knowledge during the servitization process when developing customized services for international markets.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was used to collect the data from 150 manufacturing firms. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach.FindingsThe results indicate that open innovation positively affects servitization strategy. Moreover, consumer co-creation moderates the impacts of servitization on firm performance.Practical implicationsThis study confirms the significant role of open innovation and consumer integration in the servitization process, establishing that managers should effectively integrate different stakeholders from the service design stage (through open innovation) to the service delivery stage (through co-creation).Originality/valueThe paper's results prominently advance the present body of servitization literature by showing how the implementation of open innovation improves the servitization process, an issue that has been ignored in previous studies. Moreover, it seeks to resolve the inconsistent results on servitization's effect on performance by indicating the role of consumer co-creation in the servitization–performance link.
研究表明,服务化可以为企业带来竞争优势;然而,由于各种挑战,许多企业无法实现其目标价值。本研究提出了一种新的模式,即在面向国际市场的定制服务开发过程中,利用开放式创新和共同创造来获取消费者知识。设计/方法/方法采用在线调查的方式从150家制造企业收集数据。数据分析采用偏最小二乘(PLS)方法。结果表明,开放式创新对服务化战略具有正向影响。此外,消费者共同创造调节服务化对企业绩效的影响。实践启示本研究证实了开放式创新和消费者整合在服务化过程中的重要作用,确立了管理者应从服务设计阶段(通过开放式创新)到服务交付阶段(通过共同创造)有效整合不同利益相关者。本文的研究结果通过展示开放式创新的实施如何改善服务化过程,显著地推进了现有的服务化文献,这是一个在以前的研究中被忽视的问题。此外,它试图通过指出消费者共同创造在服务化-绩效联系中的作用来解决服务化对绩效影响的不一致结果。
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引用次数: 4
A vicarious learning perspective on the relationship between home-peer performance and export intensity among SMEs 中小企业家庭同伴绩效与出口强度关系的替代学习视角
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1108/imr-01-2022-0026
Matthias Baum, Sui Sui, Shavin Malhotra
PurposeHome-peer firms (i.e. firms from the same industry and country) noticeably influence the internationalization behavior of small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing from vicarious learning literature, the authors theorize how home-peer firms' success in export markets affects SMEs' export intensity into those markets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the hypotheses on a sample of 32,108 Canadian SME exporters. A Tobit model was used to examine the effect of home-peer performance and its interactions with firm age, export experience, and geographic and institutional distance on export entry intensity.FindingsThe authors find that SMEs are more likely to enter export markets with higher intensity if home-peer firms perform well in those markets. This home-peer influence is stronger when the SME lacks export experience, when the home-peer information is more recent, and when environmental uncertainty is high.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to show empirically that the performance of home-peers positively influences the export intensity of SMEs in international markets, suggesting that SMEs use this measure to inform their internationalization strategies.
目的国内同行企业(即来自同一行业和国家的企业)显著影响中小企业的国际化行为。根据替代学习文献,作者推断了国内同行企业在出口市场上的成功如何影响中小企业对这些市场的出口强度。设计/方法/方法作者对32108家加拿大中小企业出口商的样本进行了假设检验。Tobit模型用于检验国内同行绩效及其与企业年龄、出口经验、地理和机构距离的相互作用对出口进入强度的影响。研究结果作者发现,如果国内同行企业在出口市场表现良好,中小企业更有可能以更高的强度进入出口市场。当中小企业缺乏出口经验、国内同行信息较新以及环境不确定性较高时,这种国内同行影响力更强。独创性/价值该研究是首批实证表明国内同行的表现对中小企业在国际市场上的出口强度产生积极影响的研究之一,表明中小企业利用这一衡量标准来为其国际化战略提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Foreign market entry modes for servitization under diverse macroenvironmental conditions: taxonomy and propositions 不同宏观环境条件下国外服务化市场进入模式:分类与主张
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1108/imr-09-2021-0287
A. Agnihotri, S. Bhattacharya, N. Yannopoulou, A. Thrassou
PurposeThe article explores how servitization influences firms' foreign market entry mode decisions. This relationship is researched under the contingent effect of macroenvironmental factors in the host country, namely, market attractiveness, institutional environment and national culture differences between the home and host country.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a conceptual framework typology that interrelates, contextualizes and conceptualizes extant knowledge to develop explicit propositions.FindingsBased on the extant literature, using a 2 × 2 matrix, the authors delineate the influence of two dimensions of servitization on entry mode decisions: customer relationship focus and digitalization focus. They conceptualize that relationship management and digitalization-based servitization have an antagonistic effect on the need for entry mode resource commitments, and macroenvironmental factors' favorability moderates this tension.Research limitations/implicationsThe study extends and incorporates the servitization literature into the context of international marketing by exploring the combined effect of the two most significant dimensions of servitization, i.e. investment in customer relations versus investment in digitalization on entry mode, thus delivering valuable new insights and perspectives, as well as explicit propositions toward empirical testing.Practical implicationsThe authors’ framework increases foreign market managers' awareness of how servitization drives entry mode decisions of firms in international markets. Also, the framework explicates how the host country's market attractiveness, institutional environment and difference with the home country's national culture tangibly influence the relationship.Originality/valueThe study provides novel insights into the implications of servitization on international marketing, particularly regarding foreign market entry mode. The study also elucidates the combined effect of two servitization dimensions, i.e. customer relations and digitalization – a critical research area in which the literature is scant.
目的探讨服务化对企业海外市场进入模式决策的影响。这种关系是在东道国宏观环境因素的偶然作用下进行研究的,即母国与东道国之间的市场吸引力、制度环境和民族文化差异。设计/方法/方法本研究采用概念框架类型学,将现有知识相互联系、语境化和概念化,以发展明确的命题。在现有文献的基础上,作者利用2 × 2矩阵描述了服务化对进入模式决策的两个维度:客户关系焦点和数字化焦点。他们的概念是,关系管理和基于数字化的服务化对进入模式资源承诺的需求具有拮抗作用,而宏观环境因素的有利调节了这种紧张关系。研究局限/启示本研究通过探索服务化的两个最重要维度,即客户关系投资与数字化投资对进入模式的综合影响,将服务化文献扩展并纳入国际营销的背景下,从而提供有价值的新见解和观点,以及明确的实证检验命题。实践意义作者的框架提高了国外市场管理者对服务化如何驱动国际市场企业进入模式决策的认识。此外,该框架还阐明了东道国的市场吸引力、制度环境以及与母国民族文化的差异如何对这种关系产生切实的影响。独创性/价值本研究为服务化对国际营销的影响提供了新颖的见解,特别是在外国市场进入模式方面。该研究还阐明了两个服务化维度的综合效应,即客户关系和数字化——这是一个关键的研究领域,但文献很少。
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引用次数: 3
Same, same but different! New service development in the context of emerging markets: a review 相同,相同但不同!新兴市场背景下的新服务发展:综述
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1108/imr-01-2021-0047
Anna Dubiel, Prokriti Mukherji
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematically review and critically examine the international marketing and innovation management research on new service development (NSD) in the context of emerging markets (EM). Research on services in EM, a heterogenous set of countries with an increasing contribution to global economic output, is sparse. This paper attempts to underscore the academic and managerial relevance of the field.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of published empirical literature from peer-reviewed journals focusing on an 11-year period, 2010–2020, was undertaken. Further, bibliometric and text mining analyses were conducted using VOSviewer and Leximancer software programmes.FindingsThis analysis of 36 journal articles reveals that NSD research is a dynamic field with an increasing number of quantitative, multi-country and multi-method studies encompassing a variety of geographical settings and industries.Originality/valueDoing justice to this vibrant field of research and its managerial importance, the authors create an overview of existing empirical studies to serve as a repository of knowledge on NSD for both academics and practitioners. Further, the authors offer a thematic and temporal overview of the content of existing studies. Drawing upon the abovementioned, the authors suggest some promising avenues for future research.
本文的目的是系统地回顾和批判性地审视新兴市场(EM)背景下新服务开发(NSD)的国际营销和创新管理研究。新兴市场是一组异质国家,对全球经济产出的贡献越来越大,但对新兴市场服务业的研究很少。本文试图强调该领域的学术和管理相关性。设计/方法/方法对同行评议期刊上发表的实证文献进行了系统回顾,重点是2010-2020年11年期间。此外,使用VOSviewer和Leximancer软件程序进行文献计量学和文本挖掘分析。对36篇期刊文章的分析表明,NSD研究是一个充满活力的领域,越来越多的定量、多国和多方法研究涵盖了各种地理环境和行业。原创性/价值为了公正对待这个充满活力的研究领域及其管理重要性,作者对现有的实证研究进行了概述,为学术界和实践者提供了关于NSD的知识库。此外,作者提供了现有研究内容的主题和时间概述。在此基础上,作者提出了未来研究的一些有希望的途径。
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引用次数: 1
Supply chains and ecosystems for servitization: a systematic review and future research agenda 服务化的供应链和生态系统:系统回顾和未来研究议程
IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/imr-10-2021-0318
Philip Davies, Yipeng Liu, M. Cooper, Y. Xing
PurposeRecent research has recognised the importance of supply chains and ecosystems as key drivers of successful servitization strategies, especially in the context of inter-organisational relations (IOR). The body of knowledge has, however, become increasingly fragmented and diverse due to different disciplinary roots of both servitization and IOR research. The purpose of this paper is to take stock of current knowledge and to generate a set of future research directions for servitization-related supply chain and ecosystem research.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review methodology was applied. A thematic analysis was conducted on a sample of 34 papers in the period 2010–2021 to identify the key themes within the servitization-related supply chain and ecosystem literature.FindingsThe review revealed a limited, but expanding, knowledge base for servitization-related supply chain and ecosystem research. The findings provide insight into current trends across four thematic areas: theoretical orientation, methodological approaches, research context and research content. Within these themes, it was found that four main areas of research content have been studied (supplier relationships, risk perception and uncertainty, capability development and resource integration), with most research adopting case-based methodologies within three main industrial contexts: manufacturing, industrial and software. Finally, a broad range of theoretical orientations have led to an increasingly fragmented and diverse literature base.Originality/valueThis study is the first to review servitization-related supply chains and ecosystems. It contributes insights through an IOR lens to categorise and organise a core set of themes and concepts for servitization-related supply chain and ecosystems research. It identifies research gaps within the extant literature and presents a set of future research directions.
目的最近的研究已经认识到供应链和生态系统作为成功服务化战略的关键驱动因素的重要性,特别是在组织间关系(IOR)的背景下。然而,由于服务化和IOR研究的不同学科根源,知识体系变得越来越分散和多样化。本文的目的是总结当前的知识,并为服务化相关的供应链和生态系统研究提供一套未来的研究方向。设计/方法/方法采用了系统评审方法。对2010-2021年期间的34篇论文样本进行了主题分析,以确定服务化相关供应链和生态系统文献中的关键主题。发现该综述揭示了服务化相关供应链和生态系统研究的有限但不断扩大的知识库。这些发现深入了解了四个主题领域的当前趋势:理论方向、方法论方法、研究背景和研究内容。在这些主题中,研究发现研究内容的四个主要领域(供应商关系、风险感知和不确定性、能力开发和资源整合),大多数研究在三个主要行业背景下采用了基于案例的方法:制造业、工业和软件。最后,广泛的理论取向导致了越来越碎片化和多样化的文学基础。原创性/价值本研究首次回顾了与服务化相关的供应链和生态系统。它通过IOR视角对服务化相关供应链和生态系统研究的一组核心主题和概念进行分类和组织,从而提供见解。它确定了现存文献中的研究空白,并提出了一套未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 4
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International Marketing Review
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