Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4004f
T. B. Naik, L. Bhageerathi
Background: Infections obtained at a hospital or other healthcare facility in which the illness was not present or incubating at the time of admission are known as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Illnesses acquired at the hospital but showing up after discharge, as well as infections among the facility's health care employees, are included. Nurses are major contributors to care in all health care settings, and their knowledge and behaviors are critical in the control and prevention of HAIs. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the level of awareness and practice of standard precautions among the staff nurses. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital-based descriptive study that took place from January to March 2017 at Chamarajanagar Institute of Medical Sciences at Chamarajanagar. A total of 40 staff nurses were chosen using simple random sampling, and data was collected using a pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results: The majority, 35 (87.5%), knew about the Infection Control Committee (ICC) and the Central Supply and Sterilization Department (CSSD), and > 90% knew about segregation and disposal according to BMW guidelines. The majority of staff nurses, 38 (95%), cleaned their hands before and after touching patients and donned personal protective equipment. More than half i.e. 23 (57.5%) of the participants in the study had experienced a needle stick injury, yet only 19 (47.5%) of them reported it and sought treatment. 24 (60%) of the staff nurses received a hepatitis B immunization. Conclusion: The current study reveals that the staff nurses have a sufficient degree of knowledge and practices regarding standard precautions, and also identifies several places where educational interventions are required.
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of Staff Nurses' Awareness and Practices about Standard Precautions in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Karnataka","authors":"T. B. Naik, L. Bhageerathi","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4004f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4004f","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infections obtained at a hospital or other healthcare facility in which the illness was not present or incubating at the time of admission are known as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Illnesses acquired at the hospital but showing up after discharge, as well as infections among the facility's health care employees, are included. Nurses are major contributors to care in all health care settings, and their knowledge and behaviors are critical in the control and prevention of HAIs. \u0000Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the level of awareness and practice of standard precautions among the staff nurses. \u0000Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital-based descriptive study that took place from January to March 2017 at Chamarajanagar Institute of Medical Sciences at Chamarajanagar. A total of 40 staff nurses were chosen using simple random sampling, and data was collected using a pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. \u0000Results: The majority, 35 (87.5%), knew about the Infection Control Committee (ICC) and the Central Supply and Sterilization Department (CSSD), and > 90% knew about segregation and disposal according to BMW guidelines. The majority of staff nurses, 38 (95%), cleaned their hands before and after touching patients and donned personal protective equipment. More than half i.e. 23 (57.5%) of the participants in the study had experienced a needle stick injury, yet only 19 (47.5%) of them reported it and sought treatment. 24 (60%) of the staff nurses received a hepatitis B immunization. \u0000Conclusion: The current study reveals that the staff nurses have a sufficient degree of knowledge and practices regarding standard precautions, and also identifies several places where educational interventions are required.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85240138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4211f
I. Shnawa
Oral mucosal epithelia as other types of mucosal epithelia are known traditionally as protective tissues. In the present chapter, attempts were made to introduce oral epithelia as non-lymphoid, non-myeloid tissue with an immune potentials. Epithelia is the plural of the singular epithelium. They are specialized layers that covered the external surface of the organs forming the body. Today, opinions holds the believe that oral epithelial cells have TLR system and can recognize microbial invaders .Microbial invaders in turn, induce epithelia to produce pro-inflammatory TH1,TH2 cytokines and Chemokines. The induction processes described as species and strain specific. Natural epithelial cytokine production have been assured by a number of an in-vitro models. Oral epithelial cytokine interplayed several immune functions like regulation of local immune responses, mediate autoimmune disease and induce tissue damage in case of increased secretion. They express multi-factorial influences on mucosal immune compartment, be an integral part of the local innate immune responses and might have a future implication in vaccine immunity .
{"title":"Oral Epithelial Cytokines: A Review","authors":"I. Shnawa","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4211f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4211f","url":null,"abstract":"Oral mucosal epithelia as other types of mucosal epithelia are known traditionally as protective tissues. In the present chapter, attempts were made to introduce oral epithelia as non-lymphoid, non-myeloid tissue with an immune potentials. Epithelia is the plural of the singular epithelium. They are specialized layers that covered the external surface of the organs forming the body. Today, opinions holds the believe that oral epithelial cells have TLR system and can recognize microbial invaders .Microbial invaders in turn, induce epithelia to produce pro-inflammatory TH1,TH2 cytokines and Chemokines. The induction processes described as species and strain specific. Natural epithelial cytokine production have been assured by a number of an in-vitro models. Oral epithelial cytokine interplayed several immune functions like regulation of local immune responses, mediate autoimmune disease and induce tissue damage in case of increased secretion. They express multi-factorial influences on mucosal immune compartment, be an integral part of the local innate immune responses and might have a future implication in vaccine immunity .","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77248469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1920f
Rafia Rahman
Health care services are not only service delivery at the hospital from outdoor, indoor and consultation but also providing health promotional services. Health promotional services have very important role to grow awareness, improve knowledge on practices regarding health. This assist mass population to change knowledge, attitude and practice on different health issues. The sustainable financial independence changes the test and demand for a living. This change plays an important role in changes the lifestyle and behavior pattern of human being. The three most important factors for human lives are work, family and friend, and health. Occupation (work) gives people’s individual identity and recognition in society and world. Successful accomplishment of each task gives people’s confidence and strength. People’s gets peace from family and friends. These two issues are also responsible for social pathology. It leads to deteriorating mental stability and people’s suffering from stress, tension, depression, and anxiety. Lastly, the health by nature people invest on health getting everyday food and people didn’t give concern on health during the healthy time or up to middle age or till fall complete sickness. Present world people were suffering from non-communicable diseases. The causes of this diseases mostly due to the important three issues of human life. Altering of the physiological function of the human body due to the practice of unhealthy lifestyle and social pathology. This paper discusses the connection of lifestyle and behavior with the onset of non-communicable diseases. It will also present the preventive measures for these unhealthy practices and its role to prevent onset, delayed onset of consequences of diseases.
{"title":"Investigating the Role of Health Promotion Strategies on Lifestyle and Behavioral Changes to Reduce the Number of Non-communicable Disease Patient","authors":"Rafia Rahman","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1920f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1920f","url":null,"abstract":"Health care services are not only service delivery at the hospital from outdoor, indoor and consultation but also providing health promotional services. Health promotional services have very important role to grow awareness, improve knowledge on practices regarding health. This assist mass population to change knowledge, attitude and practice on different health issues. The sustainable financial independence changes the test and demand for a living. This change plays an important role in changes the lifestyle and behavior pattern of human being. The three most important factors for human lives are work, family and friend, and health. Occupation (work) gives people’s individual identity and recognition in society and world. Successful accomplishment of each task gives people’s confidence and strength. People’s gets peace from family and friends. These two issues are also responsible for social pathology. It leads to deteriorating mental stability and people’s suffering from stress, tension, depression, and anxiety. Lastly, the health by nature people invest on health getting everyday food and people didn’t give concern on health during the healthy time or up to middle age or till fall complete sickness. Present world people were suffering from non-communicable diseases. The causes of this diseases mostly due to the important three issues of human life. Altering of the physiological function of the human body due to the practice of unhealthy lifestyle and social pathology. This paper discusses the connection of lifestyle and behavior with the onset of non-communicable diseases. It will also present the preventive measures for these unhealthy practices and its role to prevent onset, delayed onset of consequences of diseases.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72877602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/11967d
P. Mishra
Given the scourge's harmful influence on society's underserved and devalued populations, the social work profession, more than any other, is most harmed by the raging corona virus (aka, COVID-pandemic). More importantly, the pandemic has shattered the profession's long-standing dedication to social justice and human rights, as well as its insistence on the value of human relationships. The goal of this paper is to explain how social work and the COVID-19 epidemic are linked. While emphasising the profession's deafening silence in the global pandemic discourse, it argues that our reaction must be urgent if our profession is to gain meaningful public value amid the current loss of life and risks to human rights. The strategies for our professional action in limiting the contagion's effect are laid out.Our profession may continue to be called into question, first by critics, citizens, then by our client-systems, and finally by ourselves, unless we act quickly to address the world's major concerns.
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Work: An Action Call for Social Cohesion","authors":"P. Mishra","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/11967d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/11967d","url":null,"abstract":"Given the scourge's harmful influence on society's underserved and devalued populations, the social work profession, more than any other, is most harmed by the raging corona virus (aka, COVID-pandemic). More importantly, the pandemic has shattered the profession's long-standing dedication to social justice and human rights, as well as its insistence on the value of human relationships. The goal of this paper is to explain how social work and the COVID-19 epidemic are linked. While emphasising the profession's deafening silence in the global pandemic discourse, it argues that our reaction must be urgent if our profession is to gain meaningful public value amid the current loss of life and risks to human rights. The strategies for our professional action in limiting the contagion's effect are laid out.Our profession may continue to be called into question, first by critics, citizens, then by our client-systems, and finally by ourselves, unless we act quickly to address the world's major concerns.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90984471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1919f
Rafia Rahman
75 countries had less than 2.5 health workers per 1000 people.Countries with less than 2.28 doctors, nurses, and midwives per 1000 people failed to fulfil the aim of 80 percent skilled birth attendance and child immunisation, according to the World Health Report. Due to the lack, patients, particularly the poor and disadvantaged, have been forced to seek health care from the informal sector as they are more socially and community focused Appropriate formal health workforce is required to build an effective, efficient, and equitable health system that improves population health. There is a scarcity and a crisis of it. Healthcare-seeking is not a simple human behavioral nature. The combined efforts of the public and private sectors nearly impossible to produce the required formal health workforce. Transform unregistered health care service providers (HCSP) into government-registered, well-trained HCSP. It would be able to prevent malpractice, ensure standard treatment, and hold people accountable for referral responsibility. Both primary and secondary data were collected. A face-to-face interview and a focus group discussion were conducted. People who are illiterate (no education) as well as literate (completed primary school to a higher level of education) seek out informal healthcare providers. Households with incomes ranging from $10,000 to $30,000 were classified as low, middle, and upper middle, with people aged zero to sixty having the option of receiving health services from a traditional healer (kobiraj), homoeopathy, RMP, and drug seller.
{"title":"Informal Health Care Service Provider: A Health Protection Challenge for Developing Countries","authors":"Rafia Rahman","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1919f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1919f","url":null,"abstract":"75 countries had less than 2.5 health workers per 1000 people.Countries with less than 2.28 doctors, nurses, and midwives per 1000 people failed to fulfil the aim of 80 percent skilled birth attendance and child immunisation, according to the World Health Report. Due to the lack, patients, particularly the poor and disadvantaged, have been forced to seek health care from the informal sector as they are more socially and community focused Appropriate formal health workforce is required to build an effective, efficient, and equitable health system that improves population health. There is a scarcity and a crisis of it. Healthcare-seeking is not a simple human behavioral nature. The combined efforts of the public and private sectors nearly impossible to produce the required formal health workforce. Transform unregistered health care service providers (HCSP) into government-registered, well-trained HCSP. It would be able to prevent malpractice, ensure standard treatment, and hold people accountable for referral responsibility. Both primary and secondary data were collected. A face-to-face interview and a focus group discussion were conducted. People who are illiterate (no education) as well as literate (completed primary school to a higher level of education) seek out informal healthcare providers. Households with incomes ranging from $10,000 to $30,000 were classified as low, middle, and upper middle, with people aged zero to sixty having the option of receiving health services from a traditional healer (kobiraj), homoeopathy, RMP, and drug seller.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88559758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/12796d
C. Ezeala
Portfolio assessment is increasingly used in competency-based health professions education. However, this method of assessment is not commonly used in Medical Laboratory Sciences. This study evaluated the adoption of portfolio assessment in medical laboratory sciences in Uganda. The objectives included to determine acceptance of portfolio assessment, if it promoted feedback, reflection, and student engagement. Eighteen final year students developed portfolios of learning during their clinical laboratory training. These were examined as part of exit examinations using a rubric that considered documentation, reflection, evaluation, presentation, and decision. The study used questionnaire to gather information about participants’ views of the process. Results show that the participants received the process very well and that it encouraged feedback and students’ engagement. However, it should not be used as a sole method of assessment. The study concludes that assessment of learning portfolio is a valid method of determining professional growth and development in medical laboratory sciences.
{"title":"Assessing Professional Development and Competence in Undergraduate Medical Laboratory Sciences Education Using Portfolio of Learning","authors":"C. Ezeala","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/12796d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/12796d","url":null,"abstract":"Portfolio assessment is increasingly used in competency-based health professions education. However, this method of assessment is not commonly used in Medical Laboratory Sciences. This study evaluated the adoption of portfolio assessment in medical laboratory sciences in Uganda. The objectives included to determine acceptance of portfolio assessment, if it promoted feedback, reflection, and student engagement. Eighteen final year students developed portfolios of learning during their clinical laboratory training. These were examined as part of exit examinations using a rubric that considered documentation, reflection, evaluation, presentation, and decision. The study used questionnaire to gather information about participants’ views of the process. Results show that the participants received the process very well and that it encouraged feedback and students’ engagement. However, it should not be used as a sole method of assessment. The study concludes that assessment of learning portfolio is a valid method of determining professional growth and development in medical laboratory sciences.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87948808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1883c
A. Hilendarov, A. Georgiev, A. Chervenkov
Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. An increasing number of lung and mediastinal lesions are found by MDCT, and histological identification is frequently required to determine the best treatment option for these lesions. At this article we have the aims to describe the invasive procedures of the chest lesions - indications, contraindications, technical aspects, and diagnostic accuracy of the percutaneous lung biopsies. Methods: In patients with lung lesions, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) are the methods of choice for collecting tissue specimens.Treatment procedures are frequently based on histology diagnosis. When logistically feasible or when other procedures (such as bronchoscopy with lavage) are equivocal, FNAB biopsy is performed in 85 of the 97 patients in our study, and CNB is performed in 12 of the 97 patients. The needles used were 19-22G disposable needles. Results: FNAB under CT control was conducted on all 76 patients, ages 21 to 79, who had lung lesions with a diameter of 2.0 cm or less. Due to the superficial localisation of the lesions, FNAB under US control is performed in 13 patients. All patients have their tissues samples analysed cytologically and histologically.The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, as well as the type of complications that occurred, are calculated. CNB showed a small improvement in overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Conclusion: Percutaneous FNAB and CNB are the safe procedures for diagnostic evaluation of focal pulmonary lezions. The complications are rare: pneumothorax, pulmonary haemorrhage but some, like air embolism and metastatic seeding are with severe consequences.
{"title":"Study on Invasive Procedures of the Chest Lesions: Are they Must be Performed and Why?","authors":"A. Hilendarov, A. Georgiev, A. Chervenkov","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1883c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/1883c","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. An increasing number of lung and mediastinal lesions are found by MDCT, and histological identification is frequently required to determine the best treatment option for these lesions. At this article we have the aims to describe the invasive procedures of the chest lesions - indications, contraindications, technical aspects, and diagnostic accuracy of the percutaneous lung biopsies. \u0000Methods: In patients with lung lesions, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) are the methods of choice for collecting tissue specimens.Treatment procedures are frequently based on histology diagnosis. When logistically feasible or when other procedures (such as bronchoscopy with lavage) are equivocal, FNAB biopsy is performed in 85 of the 97 patients in our study, and CNB is performed in 12 of the 97 patients. The needles used were 19-22G disposable needles. \u0000Results: FNAB under CT control was conducted on all 76 patients, ages 21 to 79, who had lung lesions with a diameter of 2.0 cm or less. Due to the superficial localisation of the lesions, FNAB under US control is performed in 13 patients. All patients have their tissues samples analysed cytologically and histologically.The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, as well as the type of complications that occurred, are calculated. CNB showed a small improvement in overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. \u0000Conclusion: Percutaneous FNAB and CNB are the safe procedures for diagnostic evaluation of focal pulmonary lezions. The complications are rare: pneumothorax, pulmonary haemorrhage but some, like air embolism and metastatic seeding are with severe consequences.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89447395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/3161f
María de Lourdes Rodríguez Coyago, Juan Fernando Buestán Zambrano, J. Vire, María Paz Pinos Gavilanes, L. Ayala
Background: A variety of approaches have been developed for the control of dental caries, a pathology with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. The use of probiotic strains for the modulation of dental biofilm in the prevention of caries has been studied, but the available evidence shows varied methodologies; and the strains tested differ from one study to another. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of using probiotic strains to prevent caries through the modulation of biofilm and immune response associated to oral mucosa. Methods: A search was made in the scientific bases PubMed, Cochrane and Science Direct, prioritizing randomized double and triple-blind clinical trials from 2010 to 2020, including a total of 20 studies to be analyzed. The selection criteria were consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews protocol. Results: Within the studies, different types of probiotic bacteria were analyzed, dominating Lactobacillus paracasei. While most clinical trials show a favorable response in terms of a significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans in the oral microbiota, very few studies evaluated salivary pH and sIgA levels. Conclusions: The heterogeneity of the studies analyzed and the multifactorial nature of dental caries do not allow us to ensure that probiotic therapy is completely effective in preventing this pathology. Although probiotic therapy can help by regulating the microbiological factor, there are other determinants that can favor the development of caries and that are barely approached in their relationship with bacteriotherapy. Future studies that homogeneously evaluate the use of probiotics could give us a clearer idea of their effectiveness.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on Modulation of Oral Biofilm and Immune Response Associated to Mucosa with Probiotic Bacteria as a Potential Approach in the Prevention of Dental Caries","authors":"María de Lourdes Rodríguez Coyago, Juan Fernando Buestán Zambrano, J. Vire, María Paz Pinos Gavilanes, L. Ayala","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/3161f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/3161f","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A variety of approaches have been developed for the control of dental caries, a pathology with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. The use of probiotic strains for the modulation of dental biofilm in the prevention of caries has been studied, but the available evidence shows varied methodologies; and the strains tested differ from one study to another. \u0000Objective: To analyze the efficacy of using probiotic strains to prevent caries through the modulation of biofilm and immune response associated to oral mucosa. \u0000Methods: A search was made in the scientific bases PubMed, Cochrane and Science Direct, prioritizing randomized double and triple-blind clinical trials from 2010 to 2020, including a total of 20 studies to be analyzed. The selection criteria were consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews protocol. \u0000Results: Within the studies, different types of probiotic bacteria were analyzed, dominating Lactobacillus paracasei. While most clinical trials show a favorable response in terms of a significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans in the oral microbiota, very few studies evaluated salivary pH and sIgA levels. \u0000Conclusions: The heterogeneity of the studies analyzed and the multifactorial nature of dental caries do not allow us to ensure that probiotic therapy is completely effective in preventing this pathology. Although probiotic therapy can help by regulating the microbiological factor, there are other determinants that can favor the development of caries and that are barely approached in their relationship with bacteriotherapy. Future studies that homogeneously evaluate the use of probiotics could give us a clearer idea of their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74519430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/11160d
G. Isola
During the last decades, the importance of micronutrients has been extensively reviewed, and it was concluded that the prevention and treatment of periodontitis should include correct daily nutrition and a correct balance between antioxidants, probiotics, natural agents, vitamin D, and calcium. Recently, there has been growing interest in the literature on the impact of nutraceutical dietary aliments on oral and general health. Periodontal diseases, chewing disorders, and many destructive oral inflammatory diseases are usually caused by an imbalance between host defense and environmental factors like smoking, poor nutrition, and a high percentage of periodontopathogenic bacteria. For these reasons, it is important also to focus attention on plaque control and also on improving host resistance through smoking and stress reduction, and a healthy diet. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the presence of a strong association between periodontitis and some systemic diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung diseases and complications of pregnancy. The objective of this chapter was to analyze the impact of diet, micro- and macronutrients on oral health and to provides a current and thoughtful perspective on the relationship of diet and natural agents on oral and periodontal diseases through a correct clinical approach with the last and most important evidence that may determine good oral conditions and high quality of life.
{"title":"Determining the Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Periodontal Health and Disease","authors":"G. Isola","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/11160d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/11160d","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decades, the importance of micronutrients has been extensively reviewed, and it was concluded that the prevention and treatment of periodontitis should include correct daily nutrition and a correct balance between antioxidants, probiotics, natural agents, vitamin D, and calcium. Recently, there has been growing interest in the literature on the impact of nutraceutical dietary aliments on oral and general health. Periodontal diseases, chewing disorders, and many destructive oral inflammatory diseases are usually caused by an imbalance between host defense and environmental factors like smoking, poor nutrition, and a high percentage of periodontopathogenic bacteria. For these reasons, it is important also to focus attention on plaque control and also on improving host resistance through smoking and stress reduction, and a healthy diet. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the presence of a strong association between periodontitis and some systemic diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung diseases and complications of pregnancy. The objective of this chapter was to analyze the impact of diet, micro- and macronutrients on oral health and to provides a current and thoughtful perspective on the relationship of diet and natural agents on oral and periodontal diseases through a correct clinical approach with the last and most important evidence that may determine good oral conditions and high quality of life.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79754408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/13137d
S. Milovanov
{"title":"An Advances Study Approach to Calculation of Proposed Recruitment by Clinical Sites on Stage of Feasibility to Clinical Trial of II – III Phases","authors":"S. Milovanov","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/13137d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/13137d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83263886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：