Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4165f
I. Shnawa, Ferial J. Abd, Assel H. Neama
Bacterial vaccines, the bacterins are of both prophylactic and therapeutic potential s .Autogenous bacterins ,however, are of profound importance in certain clinical settings like complicated urinary tract infections. The aim of the present work was at development, cellular immune features and immune interference of combined E.coli and P,aeruginosa in rabbits. Single E.coli and single P. aeruginosa as well as balanced [1xE-1xP,2xE-2x P strength], and unbalanced [1xE-2xP, 2xE-1xP strength] heat killed bacterin combinations were prepared, developed and evaluated on laboratory scale. The developmental features were found; pure, safe, antigenic and immunogenic. These combined bacterins induced an increase in mitotic index of bone marrow cells, significant leukocyte inhibitory factors, increased spleen body index. Balanced one x and two x combined bacterins induced higher IL10 mean values than normal. 2x strength bacterin combinations initiate higher IL2 concentration mean values than single bacterin and control. Both of the unbalanced bacterin combinations were rising up the TNF alpha concentration means than that of single bacterin and control. In practical sense, the immune interference in rabbits primed with the study bacterin combination lead to, either of three results as; one damp the other, one enhance the other and one doesn’t affect the other. The immune interference appeared in the form of; one enhance the other like that of IL2 and IL10 cytokine responses. The present findings are being novel in cases of Pseudomonas lung and urinary tract infections as potential experimental therapeutic bacterin. As well as they may be of help in cases of cancer immunotherapy in man and laboratory animals.
{"title":"Recent study on Laboratory Development Cellular Immune Features and Immune Interference of Prototype Eschericia Coli and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Combined Bacterins in a Lapin Model","authors":"I. Shnawa, Ferial J. Abd, Assel H. Neama","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4165f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4165f","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial vaccines, the bacterins are of both prophylactic and therapeutic potential s .Autogenous bacterins ,however, are of profound importance in certain clinical settings like complicated urinary tract infections. The aim of the present work was at development, cellular immune features and immune interference of combined E.coli and P,aeruginosa in rabbits. Single E.coli and single P. aeruginosa as well as balanced [1xE-1xP,2xE-2x P strength], and unbalanced [1xE-2xP, 2xE-1xP strength] heat killed bacterin combinations were prepared, developed and evaluated on laboratory scale. The developmental features were found; pure, safe, antigenic and immunogenic. These combined bacterins induced an increase in mitotic index of bone marrow cells, significant leukocyte inhibitory factors, increased spleen body index. Balanced one x and two x combined bacterins induced higher IL10 mean values than normal. 2x strength bacterin combinations initiate higher IL2 concentration mean values than single bacterin and control. Both of the unbalanced bacterin combinations were rising up the TNF alpha concentration means than that of single bacterin and control. In practical sense, the immune interference in rabbits primed with the study bacterin combination lead to, either of three results as; one damp the other, one enhance the other and one doesn’t affect the other. The immune interference appeared in the form of; one enhance the other like that of IL2 and IL10 cytokine responses. The present findings are being novel in cases of Pseudomonas lung and urinary tract infections as potential experimental therapeutic bacterin. As well as they may be of help in cases of cancer immunotherapy in man and laboratory animals.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81762705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/3964f
Yawo M Akrodou
Introduction: Nicotine metabolising enzymes CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 are implicated in the treatment of nicotine addiction.Even though evidence suggests they may interact to influence nicotine dependence treatment outcomes in terms of nicotine dependence and withdrawal syndromes, as well as therapy types (placebo, bupropion, and NRT), the importance of their interaction in nicotine cessation has yet to be fully substantiated and clarified. Methods: A total of 1862 people were analysed, including Caucasians and African Americans. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency (FTND) and Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM) measures were used to assess nicotine dependence and withdrawal syndrome, respectively. Participants were needed to smoke at least ten cigarettes per day and to use one of three types of therapy (placebo, NRT, or bupropion) for two weeks before reporting their quitting status six months later. Participants were also screened for SNPs CYP2A6*1A (rs1137115), *1H (rs616636070),*4A (rs28399434), *9A (rs28399443),*12A (rs28399442), and CYP2B6*6(rs3745274) for nicotine genotype analysis. Results: The chi-squared test revealed that gene variations were consistently distributed in the population withp-values > 0.05. According to logistic regression analysis, CYP2A6*4A was most significantly associated with the odds ratio (OR) of quitting smoking in each treatment group with nicotine dependence syndrome (OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.31-1.96), and *4A in individuals with nicotine withdrawal syndrome (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.15-1.95). In the bupropion group, the ANOVA test revealed a significant main interaction effect between CYP2B6*6, *1A, *4A, and *12A gene variants. Conclusion: CYP2A6 and CYP2B6*6 may interact to improve the chances of nicotine addiction treatment success.
尼古丁代谢酶CYP2B6和CYP2A6与尼古丁成瘾的治疗有关。尽管有证据表明，就尼古丁依赖和戒断综合征以及治疗类型(安慰剂、安非他酮和NRT)而言，它们可能相互作用影响尼古丁依赖的治疗结果，但它们在尼古丁戒烟中的相互作用的重要性尚未得到充分证实和澄清。方法:对包括白人和非裔美国人在内的1862人进行分析。采用Fagerstrom尼古丁依赖测验(FTND)和威斯康辛吸烟依赖动机量表(WISDM)分别评估尼古丁依赖和戒断综合征。参与者需要每天至少抽10支烟，并在两周内使用三种治疗方法中的一种(安慰剂、NRT或安非他酮)，然后在六个月后报告他们的戒烟情况。同时筛选CYP2A6*1A (rs1137115)、*1H (rs616636070)、*4A (rs28399434)、*9A (rs28399443)、*12A (rs28399442)和CYP2B6*6(rs3745274) snp进行尼古丁基因型分析。结果:卡方检验显示基因变异在群体中分布一致，p值> 0.05。经logistic回归分析，CYP2A6*4A与尼古丁依赖综合征治疗组戒烟的比值比(OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.31-1.96)、尼古丁戒断综合征治疗组戒烟的比值比(OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.15-1.95)最显著相关。在安非他酮组中，方差分析显示CYP2B6*6、*1A、*4A和*12A基因变异之间存在显著的主交互作用。结论:CYP2A6和CYP2B6*6可能相互作用，提高尼古丁成瘾治疗成功的机会。
{"title":"Determining the Impact of the Interactions of CYP2B6*6 and CYP2A6 Polymorphisms on the Treatment of Nicotine Dependence","authors":"Yawo M Akrodou","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/3964f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/3964f","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nicotine metabolising enzymes CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 are implicated in the treatment of nicotine addiction.Even though evidence suggests they may interact to influence nicotine dependence treatment outcomes in terms of nicotine dependence and withdrawal syndromes, as well as therapy types (placebo, bupropion, and NRT), the importance of their interaction in nicotine cessation has yet to be fully substantiated and clarified. \u0000Methods: A total of 1862 people were analysed, including Caucasians and African Americans. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency (FTND) and Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM) measures were used to assess nicotine dependence and withdrawal syndrome, respectively. Participants were needed to smoke at least ten cigarettes per day and to use one of three types of therapy (placebo, NRT, or bupropion) for two weeks before reporting their quitting status six months later. Participants were also screened for SNPs CYP2A6*1A (rs1137115), *1H (rs616636070),*4A (rs28399434), *9A (rs28399443),*12A (rs28399442), and CYP2B6*6(rs3745274) for nicotine genotype analysis. \u0000Results: The chi-squared test revealed that gene variations were consistently distributed in the population withp-values > 0.05. According to logistic regression analysis, CYP2A6*4A was most significantly associated with the odds ratio (OR) of quitting smoking in each treatment group with nicotine dependence syndrome (OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.31-1.96), and *4A in individuals with nicotine withdrawal syndrome (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.15-1.95). In the bupropion group, the ANOVA test revealed a significant main interaction effect between CYP2B6*6, *1A, *4A, and *12A gene variants. \u0000Conclusion: CYP2A6 and CYP2B6*6 may interact to improve the chances of nicotine addiction treatment success.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82974390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4454f
S. Kolekar, S. Sawant
The cross sectional study was carried out to study mid- arm circumference and triceps skin-fold thickness in rural school children of 5�13 years of age. Study was carried out at schools of Sangli district in Maharashtra, India. A total of 910 rural school children (500 boys and 410 girls) were taken for study. Girls had higher values of mid-arm circumference and triceps skin-fold thickness than those of boys of rural schools. There was no fixed Indian standard for mid-arm circumference, so the values in present study were compared with other worker's study who had conducted their study significantly in well-nourished and affluent school children who did not have any constraints on growth imposed either by malnutrition or infection. Rural school children were found to have lower values of mid-arm circumference and triceps skin-fold thickness than well-fed, affluent school children and this might be attributed to better socio-economic status in the latter.
{"title":"Mid-Arm Circumference and Triceps Skin-Fold Thickness in Rural School Children: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"S. Kolekar, S. Sawant","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4454f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4454f","url":null,"abstract":"The cross sectional study was carried out to study mid- arm circumference and triceps skin-fold thickness in rural school children of 5�13 years of age. Study was carried out at schools of Sangli district in Maharashtra, India. A total of 910 rural school children (500 boys and 410 girls) were taken for study. Girls had higher values of mid-arm circumference and triceps skin-fold thickness than those of boys of rural schools. There was no fixed Indian standard for mid-arm circumference, so the values in present study were compared with other worker's study who had conducted their study significantly in well-nourished and affluent school children who did not have any constraints on growth imposed either by malnutrition or infection. Rural school children were found to have lower values of mid-arm circumference and triceps skin-fold thickness than well-fed, affluent school children and this might be attributed to better socio-economic status in the latter.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72907548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-07DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4150f
A. Dasgupta, S. Padma, K. Sajitha, Jayaprakash Shetty
Background : Pancytopenia is not a disease by itself, however it is a common hematological problem characterized by simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. The disease pattern associated with pancytopenia varies with geographic location, age group, nutritional status, drug intake and prevalence of infective disorder. This prospective study was to investigate and identify different causes of pancytopenia with frequency, to ascertain percentage of occurrence of pancytopenia, to determine its incidence in relation to sex and age, and to compare findings with those of other similar studies. Methods: 80 patients diagnosed with pancytopenia were clinically evaluated, with complete blood count, peripheral smears, and bone marrow aspiration-biopsy whenever possible in Justice K. S. Hegde Hospital attached to Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, from June 2012 to June 2014. Results: Among the 80 cases analyzed, most of the cases were seen in the age group of 41-50 years, with male predominance. Hypersplenism (28.75%), malaria (16.25%) and megaloblastic anemia (13.75%) were the three commonest causes in our hospital. In 13 cases of malaria, Plasmodium vivax (8 cases) was most commonly noted. Conclusion: The present study concludes that varied causes of pancytopenia can be attributed to the geographic area, nutritional and drug intakes, personal habits, infective causes, stringency of diagnostic criteria, and differences in methodology used. Hence, a detailed clinical history and meticulous examination along with hematological investigations provide invaluable information in the complete workup of patients with pancytopenia for understanding the disease processes, planning further investigations and management, and ascertain the cause.
背景:全血细胞减少症本身不是一种疾病，但它是一种常见的血液学问题，其特征是同时存在贫血、白细胞减少和血小板减少。与全血细胞减少症相关的疾病模式因地理位置、年龄组、营养状况、药物摄入和感染性疾病的患病率而异。本前瞻性研究旨在调查和确定全血细胞减少症的不同原因，确定全血细胞减少症的发生率，确定其发病率与性别和年龄的关系，并与其他类似研究的结果进行比较。方法:对2012年6月至2014年6月在芒格洛尔德拉卡拉特市Nitte大学附属Justice K. S. Hegde医院诊断为全血细胞减少症的80例患者进行临床评估，包括全血细胞计数、外周涂片和尽可能的骨髓穿刺活检。结果:80例病例中，以41 ~ 50岁年龄组居多，男性居多。脾功能亢进(28.75%)、疟疾(16.25%)和巨幼细胞性贫血(13.75%)是本院最常见的3个病因。在13例疟疾病例中，间日疟原虫(8例)最为常见。结论:本研究得出全血细胞减少症的不同原因可归因于地理区域、营养和药物摄入、个人习惯、感染原因、诊断标准的严格程度和使用方法的差异。因此，详细的临床病史和细致的检查以及血液学检查为全血细胞减少症患者的全面检查提供了宝贵的信息，有助于了解疾病过程，计划进一步的调查和管理，并确定病因。
{"title":"Etiological Evaluation of Pancytopenia in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Study","authors":"A. Dasgupta, S. Padma, K. Sajitha, Jayaprakash Shetty","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4150f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v4/4150f","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Pancytopenia is not a disease by itself, however it is a common hematological problem characterized by simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. The disease pattern associated with pancytopenia varies with geographic location, age group, nutritional status, drug intake and prevalence of infective disorder. This prospective study was to investigate and identify different causes of pancytopenia with frequency, to ascertain percentage of occurrence of pancytopenia, to determine its incidence in relation to sex and age, and to compare findings with those of other similar studies. Methods: 80 patients diagnosed with pancytopenia were clinically evaluated, with complete blood count, peripheral smears, and bone marrow aspiration-biopsy whenever possible in Justice K. S. Hegde Hospital attached to Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, from June 2012 to June 2014. Results: Among the 80 cases analyzed, most of the cases were seen in the age group of 41-50 years, with male predominance. Hypersplenism (28.75%), malaria (16.25%) and megaloblastic anemia (13.75%) were the three commonest causes in our hospital. In 13 cases of malaria, Plasmodium vivax (8 cases) was most commonly noted. Conclusion: The present study concludes that varied causes of pancytopenia can be attributed to the geographic area, nutritional and drug intakes, personal habits, infective causes, stringency of diagnostic criteria, and differences in methodology used. Hence, a detailed clinical history and meticulous examination along with hematological investigations provide invaluable information in the complete workup of patients with pancytopenia for understanding the disease processes, planning further investigations and management, and ascertain the cause.","PeriodicalId":14517,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88654960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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