Investigative urology最新文献

In the intraarterial infusion of anticancer drugs, the majority of systemic side effects are caused by the systemic circulation of the infused drug. If the extraregional infusate could be removed by hemodialysis (HD) or direct hemoperfusion (DHP), side effects in the intraarterial infusion therapies could be mitigated and regional administration of anticancer drugs in large doses would than be possible. To substantiate this postulate, the authors carried out in vivo experiments using mongrel dogs, and obtained the results evidencing removal of extra regional anticancer drugs by HD and DHP. The maximum mitomycin C clearance of HD was 35.7 ml per min, whereas that of DHP was 119.7 ml per min. The results show the usefulness of concomitant use of HD or DHP in the intraarterial infusion of anticancer drugs via internal iliac artery in the treatment of cancer of the urinary bladder.

Plasma lipid bound sialic acid (LSA) was measured in patients with prostate and bladder cancer to determine the usefulness of this biochemical marker in teh staging of malignant disease and in monitoring the efficacy of therapy. Patients with advanced stages of prostate cancer with bone metastases exhibited LSA levels significantly higher than normal subjects. Patients with bladder cancer showed elevations in LSA both in early noninvasive and in advanced stages of the disease. In both types of cancer, patients treated successfully and clinically free of disease did not have elevated LSA levels, whereas patients failing to respond to treatment had persistently high values.

The serum concentration of testosterone (T) 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta , 17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin in young (less than 40 months) beagles with spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were not significantly (P greater than 0.25) different from serum hormone levels of age matched controls, or old (greater than 60 months) beagles with BPH. However, the serum hormone levels of age matched controls, or with BPH (2.46 +/- 0.51 pg per ml) was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that of age matched controls (3.93 +/- 0.35 pg per ml) and of old beagles with BPH is not associated with increased serum concentrations of androgens, or changes in serum levels of gonadotropins, but may be related to some change in estrogen biosynthesis or metabolism. In the second part of the experiment, castrate and intact beagles were treated for 4 months with three weekly injections of T, DHT, 3 alpha-diol, estradiol, T + estradiol, DHT + estradiol, or 3 alpha-diol + estradiol. As expected, the serum concentration of T, DHT, 3 alpha-diol, estradiol, LH, and FSH varied dramatically depending on the steroid regimen used. Analysis of these results showed that prostate weight was increased by steroid treatments which elevated the serum DHT concentration. However, glandular hyperplasia, indistinguishable from that seen in dogs with BPH, occurred only when estradiol was added to those steroid treatments which caused elevated serum DHT concentration.

A new in vitro method was used to examine the initiation and the propagation of the peristaltic contraction in the renal pelvis and ureter of the pig. The method enabled the direct observation of peristalsis, both microscopically and electrophysiologically. A microscopic ripplelike contraction of a constant frequency was generated spontaneously at the border between the upper, middle, and lower major calyces and their minor calyces. At the same time, electromyograms were recorded in the same regions, with a constant discharge interval that suggested to us that these might be pacemaker potentials. The waves originating from the upper calyx, middle calyx, and lower calyx propagated at different times toward the ureter. Pressure changes of an almost constant interval were recorded in each calyx and corresponded in a 1:1 ratio to the action potentials at the same calyx. Pelvic pressure changes reflected the electrical activity of the renal pelvis, but did not reflect the pacemaker activity of the renal calyx.U

The combination of cyclophosphamide, cis-platinum, and adriamycin has been evaluated in the Nb tumor model system. Triple drug therapy has resulted in marked reduction in tumor volume (P less than 0.01), as well as decreased number of metastases (P less than 0.01). Combination chemotherapy has reduced the metastatic rate, increased complete tumor regression, and reduced the final tumor volume. The androgen insensitive tumor of Nb Pr A.I.-II was evaluated with combinations of BCNU and adriamycin in three cycles. The final tumor volume when compared to controls was significant for all of the agents evaluated (P less than 0.01). A significant decrease in the number of metastases was observed in the triple drug therapy, administered for three cycles, BCNU only, and BCNU and adriamycin. The acid phosphatase content of the treatment group's tumors, when compared to controls was significant with BCNU treatment only.