Investigative urology最新文献

When synchronized primary rabbit kidney confluent monolayer cell cultures were incubated with a medium that contained uninephrectomized rabbit serum, the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA was much greater than that with a medium that contained normal rabbit serum. The maximal growth stimulating activity of uninephrectomized serum on thymidine incorporation into sparsely cultured cells was increased approximately 5 fold above that of normal serum. We conclude that uninephrectomized sera contain a growth stimulating factor. Uninephrectomized rabbit sera showed no increased stimulation of DNA synthesis in primary rabbit skin cultured cells above that by normal rabbit serum, indicating that the growth stimulating factor in uninephrectomized serum shows renotropic specificity in tissue culture. A transformed rabbit kidney cell line RK-13 did not respond to the renotropic growth stimulating factor. However, primary and the transformed rabbit kidney cells absorbed the renotropic growth stimulating factor from uninephrectomized sera. Thus, the cell line RK-13 has receptors for adsorption of the renotropic growth factor but is unable to respond further to the growth stimulating process. The renotropic growth stimulating factor is heat unstable and undialyzable by dialysis tubings with pore size up to 12,000 molecular weight. Thus the renotropic growth factor seems to be a macromolecule, probably a protein.

We investigated the effects of digital prostatic palpation, cystoscopy, and biopsy of the prostate on the concentrations of serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP) measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum concentrations of PAP in patients with normal or hyperplastic prostates did not exceed the upper limit of our reference range (4 microgram per liter) during the 48 hr after digital prostatic palpation. The serum concentrations of PAP did not significantly increase in patients with carcinomatous prostates after digital examination of the prostate. Serum PAP did increase in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia soon after cystoscopy of biopsy of the prostate. No diurnal variation in the serum concentrations of PAP during the follow-up of 48 hr was detected in the patient groups with normal, benign hyperplastic, or carcinomatous prostates not subjected to rectal examination.

A 3-carboxymethyloxime conjugate of R 1881 was conjugated with bovine serum albumin and reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Tissue sections from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy were incubated with this compound. Fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of gland cells, although both positive and negative cells were distributed evenly in some areas. Neither the stroma nor the nuclei of epithelial cells were fluorescent. Preincubation with a 20 fold molar excess of R 1881-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin, 1 microM of R 1881, or 1 microM of triamcinolone acetonide diminished fluorescence of the section. Bovine serum albumin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate did not stain the section. Therefore, the fluorescence observed in the sections seems to be attributable to the high affinity binding of R 1881. The intensity and number of fluorescent cells and the R 1881 binding estimated by a biochemical method were well correlated.

In an attempt to shed light on the action of endogenous androgens and estrogens on the stromal tissue of the human prostate, we studied the effect of selective androgen (cyproterone acetate), estrogen (tamoxifen), and prolactin (bromocriptine) antagonists. The application of cyproterone acetate led to a reduced relative volumetric amount of the smooth muscle cell organelles, whereas the administration of tamoxifen effected no alteration as compared to pretreatment values. The administration of bromocriptine led to further activation of the smooth muscle cells in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Hormones, such as leutinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, 17-beta-estradiol, and prolactin were measured to assess alterations of the pituitary gonadal axis.

We studied changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and in the distribution of the renal blood flow over the left and right kidney during and after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. The fraction of the total renal blood flow to the obstructed kidney slowly decreased with the duration of obstruction. The fraction of the total GFR decreased at a much faster rate. After the removal of an obstruction of 7, 14, or 21 days, the kidney resumed glomerular filtration with or without an intact contralateral kidney. The degree of recovery diminished with the duration of the obstruction. We conclude that recovery of the GFR, in the case of a complete unilateral ureteral obstruction, depends upon the duration of the obstruction and not on the presence of the intact contralateral kidney.

We studied the effect of 29 active peptides, six biogenic amines, and two prostaglandins on isolated preparations of the longitudinal muscle of the human urinary bladder. The peptide that had the most potent stimulant action was angiotensin II, followed by eledoisin and kassinin (substance P-like peptides), and by bombesin and litorin. The threshold dose of angiotensin was frequently as low as 0.3 to 0.5 ng per ml. Eledoisin showed approximately 10 per cent of the activity of angiotensin II. All peptides had a direct stimulant effect on vesical smooth muscle. Further studies are required to determine if angiotensin and/or substance P-like peptides are involved in the control of motility of the human urinary bladder, as constituents of the secretion of peptidergic nerves.

We attempted to reduce the absorptive surface area and maintain the natural antireflux mechanism of the distal ureter by using ileum as an interposed segment rather than a total ureteral substitute in six dogs. In each dog we compared the physiologic effects of a longitudinally tapered ileal segment versus a simple nontapered segment. Information from the intravenous pyelogram, renal function tests, and the pressure flow studies showed preservation of renal function and parenchyma, no secondary dilation of the upper tracts, continued peristaltic activity, no evidence of obstruction or stone formation secondary to mucus production, no early pyelographic abnormalities, and no differences in pressure flow characteristics between the tapered and nontapered segments. We believe that incorporating ileum into the urinary tract to bridge a ureteral defect is a safe and effective clinical alternative.

We evaluated five types of electrical stimulation (continuous, intermittent pseudorandomized, randomized (stochastic), and intermittent randomized) for their effects on muscle contraction and muscle fatigue in 12 patients with urinary incontinence. Continuous stimulation, used in the available commercial stimulators, was not optimal. Randomized (stochastic) stimulation seems to be optimal although this conclusion was not statistically confirmed.

We used 50 detrusor strips to evaluate the possible modulatory effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the dynamics of bladder wall during stretch. Prostaglandin F2 alpha showed a positive excitatory effect on the total mural tension in doses up to 2 micrograms per ml within muscle lengths up to 140 per cent of the equilibrium length. At higher doses and greater lengths a mild inhibitory effect was evident. In contrast, the excitatory effect of urecholine continued up to double the equilibrium length.