Investigative urology最新文献

The R 3327 G tumor responds to estrogen in early stages, but relapses when estrogen therapy is continued beyond 50 days postimplantation. Measurement of DNA content per cell by flow cytometric analysis revealed two populations of cells in the tumors with ploidies of 2 c and 3.2 c. The proportion of aneuploid cells (3.2 c), determined from the flow cytometric DNA distributions, correlated well with tumor weight and age in control and estrogen treated animals. The simple parameter of per cent aneuploid cells thus adequately reflected the responsive and unresponsive states of tumors under hormonal therapy.

We analyzed 48 renal calculi by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microprobe techniques. In 35 of these, the presence of a minor constituent, not detected by X-ray diffraction, was revealed--hydroxyapatite was found in 24 stones, struvite in 6, and calcium oxalate in 5. The results of this study, as well as others, show that incomplete assignment of the crystalline constituents of urinary calculi is an inherent risk of the X-ray method and that conclusions concerning total chemical composition should be based on X-ray diffraction analyses coupled with data obtained from other analytical procedures.

The occurrence of natural substances with antigenic properties similar to those of the prostatic acid phosphatase was examined in one patient with neutrophilic leukemia and increased activity of serum acid phosphatase. The fraction responsible for the increased serum enzyme activity was tartrate sensitive and was identified as isoenzyme 2 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This isoenzyme originated from the leukocytes but had similar electromobility to that of the prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2. Immunohistochemical and counterimmunoelectrophoretic studies indicated that this leukocytic isoenzyme was present in the neutrophils and shared antigenic properties with the prostatic isoenzyme 2. Leukocytes from one patient with acute granulocytic leukemia, two patients with polycythemia vera with neutrophilia, and five normal subjects also contained this prostatic acid phosphatase like isoenzyme. Elevated serum "prostatic" acid phosphatase activity, therefore, may be found not only in prostatic cancer but also in granulocytic leukemia and perhaps other diseases.

Urinary bladders of BALB/c male mice treated with 250 ppm of 2-acetylaminofluorene for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days were examined for early scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) changes. SEM observations at days 1, 3, and 5, and TEM observations at days 1 and 3 revealed no significant changes. The bladders of the mice treated for 7 days contained an occasional focus showing irregularity in the shape and size of the superficial cells and SEM revealed ropey microridges in an occasional cell. The bladders of mice treated for 14 days had a greater irregularity of cell size on SEM. TEM changes were evident as early as 5 days with an increase in severity at 7 and 14 days. A numerical reduction of fusiform vesicles, asymmetric membrane plaques and Golgi apparatus along with an increase in membranous whorls, endoplasmic reticulum, cytolysosomes, and small rounded vesicles was evident. The study may aid in a better understanding of early morphologic changes of urothelium in response to a carcinogen.

The Dunning R 3327 AT tumor is a rapidly growing, androgen insensitive, serially transplantable rat tumor of prostatic origin. In early passages, the AT tumor had a very low rate of distant metastases (less than 1 per cent); however, after 60 serial subcutaneous passages, the AT tumor has given rise to a new tumor line which has an extremely high metastatic rate. Greater then 75 per cent of all animals inoculated with this late passage tumor develop lymph node metastases alone or in combination with lung metastases. This high passage tumor seems to be distinct from the original AT tumor since it has a substantially faster doubling time and a massively increased metastatic potential; it has therefore been named the Dunning R 3327 MAT LyLu tumor (metastatic AT tumor able to disseminate to lymph nodes and lung). The MAT LyLu tumor, like the parent nonmetastatic AT tumor, is androgen insensitive with regard to its growth rate, rate of distant metastases and mean survival time. This newly characterized MAT LyLu tumor provides an appropriate animal model system for testing the potential effectiveness of a variety of therapeutic approaches specifically aimed at limiting the metastatic spread of prostatic cancer.

We gave 102 male Fischer 344 rats (100 to 200 g) 0.2 per cent nitrofurylthiazolyl formamide (FANFT) diet for 14 weeks. Half of the animals underwent urinary diversion and half, sham operation. All animals resumed the FANFT diet. Half of each of the groups received four weekly i.p. injections of cyclophosphamide and the remainder received saline injections. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after diversion or sham operation. The incidences of tumor and tumor invasion were tabulated. Urinary diversion produced a greater effect in reducing progression of early neoplastic lesions to gross or microscopically invasive tumor than did systemic cyclophosphamide; however, an additive effect was noted when diversion and cyclophosphamide therapy were combined.

Past studies of the alteration of nerve morphology of penile erectile tissue in men with impotence using light and histofluorescent techniques have been inconclusive. We evaluated the ultrastructure of erectile tissue of five men; the content of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in this tissue was also known. Our results show that in nerve fibers of men whose penile tissue samples displayed very low norepinephrine content, nerve fibers were extremely sparse. In two men with insulin dependent diabetes, alteration of the intracellular caveolae, glycogen, and microfilaments of smooth muscles were found. In addition, in these patients, there was an increased amount of cell surface coat material. In diabetic patients, these changes may translate into biomechanical alterations of the smooth muscle function within the erectile tissue.

The efficacy and safety of carbenicillin indanyl sodium were evaluated in 16 patients with acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis. Each patient received carbenicillin indanyl sodium (Geocillin) tablets, at a dosage of two 500 mg tablets (each tablet equivalent to 382 mg of carbenicillin) four times daily for either 14 days (acute patients) or 28 days (chronic patients). Clinical and bacteriologic success rates, based upon 4 week post therapy followup, were 93 per cent and 75 per cent respectively. There were no adverse reactions. Results with cephalexin in a concurrently treated alternative therapy group were generally unsatisfactory. Further evaluations of carbenicillin indanyl sodium in this treatment of resistant populations are clearly warranted.

A new method of cystometry called stepwise cystometry, based on a viscoelastic model of the urinary bladder wall, is proposed. This cystometry technique yields objective parameters, which provide information on the mechanical condition of the bladder wall. The method was tested on 21 patients. It was technically simple to perform. The parameters obtained were in good agreement with those derived from 105 measurements on 13 human bladder wall strips, provided that a correction was applied for the lower strain rates involved.