Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08315-X
Martina D'Onghia, Giovanni Rubegni, Flavia Manzo Margiotta, Laura Calabrese, Sofia Lo Conte, Manfredi Magliulo, Giulio Montesi, Marco Mandalà, Lorenzo Salerni, Gianmarco Tosi, Paolo Cameli, Aldo Cuccia, Alessia Gori, Michela Magnano, Leonardo Pescitelli, Emiliano Antiga, Nicola Milanesi, Martina Vispi, Camilla Peccianti, Massimo Gola, Carlo Mazzatenta, Laura Lazzeri, Marco Romanelli, Nicola Pimpinelli, Pietro Rubegni, Alessandra Cartocci
Background: Systemic type 2 inflammation, driven by T helper 2 (Th2)-type immune responses, is central to allergic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, nasal polyposis, and food allergy. These conditions frequently coexist and share common immunological mechanisms. The objective of this study is to describe the design and development of T2-Reg, a regional registry for Th2-mediated diseases, aimed at collecting real-life data to improve patient management and research.
Methods: This multicentric retrospective and prospective observational study has been conducted through an electronic web registry. Ethical approval was obtained (N° 22045). Patients with atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, or allergic rhinitis have been enrolled from dermatology, pulmonology, and otolaryngology units across multiple hospitals in Tuscany, Italy. Data have been collected via REDCap, ensuring security and compliance with GDPR. The registry includes demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, treatment history, and disease-specific clinometric scores.
Results: From June 2022 to December 2024, 619 patients were enrolled, with an equal gender distribution and diverse educational backgrounds. Atopic comorbidities were present in 73% of cases, with allergic rhinitis being the most common. Disease severity indices and treatment history were recorded, including systemic and biologic therapies.
Conclusions: T2-Reg serves as a valuable tool for tracking disease progression, treatment outcomes, and comorbidities. Its integration with AI and interoperability with national and international registries enhances research potential. Despite some limitations, such as data entry burden and missing information, T2-Reg contributes to personalized medicine and public health initiatives in atopic diseases.
{"title":"T2-Reg: a regional web registry on Th2-mediated diseases.","authors":"Martina D'Onghia, Giovanni Rubegni, Flavia Manzo Margiotta, Laura Calabrese, Sofia Lo Conte, Manfredi Magliulo, Giulio Montesi, Marco Mandalà, Lorenzo Salerni, Gianmarco Tosi, Paolo Cameli, Aldo Cuccia, Alessia Gori, Michela Magnano, Leonardo Pescitelli, Emiliano Antiga, Nicola Milanesi, Martina Vispi, Camilla Peccianti, Massimo Gola, Carlo Mazzatenta, Laura Lazzeri, Marco Romanelli, Nicola Pimpinelli, Pietro Rubegni, Alessandra Cartocci","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08315-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08315-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic type 2 inflammation, driven by T helper 2 (Th2)-type immune responses, is central to allergic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, nasal polyposis, and food allergy. These conditions frequently coexist and share common immunological mechanisms. The objective of this study is to describe the design and development of T2-Reg, a regional registry for Th2-mediated diseases, aimed at collecting real-life data to improve patient management and research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentric retrospective and prospective observational study has been conducted through an electronic web registry. Ethical approval was obtained (N° 22045). Patients with atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, or allergic rhinitis have been enrolled from dermatology, pulmonology, and otolaryngology units across multiple hospitals in Tuscany, Italy. Data have been collected via REDCap, ensuring security and compliance with GDPR. The registry includes demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, treatment history, and disease-specific clinometric scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From June 2022 to December 2024, 619 patients were enrolled, with an equal gender distribution and diverse educational backgrounds. Atopic comorbidities were present in 73% of cases, with allergic rhinitis being the most common. Disease severity indices and treatment history were recorded, including systemic and biologic therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T2-Reg serves as a valuable tool for tracking disease progression, treatment outcomes, and comorbidities. Its integration with AI and interoperability with national and international registries enhances research potential. Despite some limitations, such as data entry burden and missing information, T2-Reg contributes to personalized medicine and public health initiatives in atopic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08511-1
Carlo Bornacina, Vincenzo Barbaccia, Nicole Morini, Simone Ribero, Angelo Marzano
{"title":"Assessment of paramedian forehead flap perfusion using indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence-guided imaging.","authors":"Carlo Bornacina, Vincenzo Barbaccia, Nicole Morini, Simone Ribero, Angelo Marzano","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08511-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08511-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08338-0
Anna Bolzon, Anna Lunardon, Fortunato Cassalia, Alessia Guidotti, Stefano Piaserico
Cheilitis refers to an acute or chronic inflammation of the lips. It may occur in isolation, affecting only the vermilion border, or may be associated with oral or perioral involvement. Numerous dermatological and systemic diseases may involve the lips, making the clinical assessment of cheilitis particularly challenging. Various types of cheilitis distinguished by frequency, cause, and duration have been described in the literature. However, there are no univocal recommendations on classification. This article aims to introduce a classification of cheilitis based on etiology, according to the following categories: 1) isolated cheilitis, referring to inflammation confined exclusively to the lips, without systemic manifestations or oral cavity involvement. This group includes cheilitis simplex, contact cheilitis, exfoliative cheilitis, granulomatous cheilitis, glandular cheilitis, plasma cell cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, and infectious cheilitis; 2) cheilitis associated with dermatological conditions that exhibit little to no systemic involvement, such as atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, autoimmune bullous diseases, discoid lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis; 3) cheilitis associated with systemic diseases when lip inflammation occurs in the context of systemic conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and nutritional deficiencies; and 4) drug-induced cheilitis, when a clear causal relationship is established between drug exposure and lip inflammation, as observed in cases of cheilitis induced by oral retinoids, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome. This proposed classification may offer clinicians a practical tool for the systematic evaluation and management of patients presenting with cheilitis.
{"title":"Cheilitis: a comprehensive review and a new clinical classification proposal. Part 1: Isolated cheilitis.","authors":"Anna Bolzon, Anna Lunardon, Fortunato Cassalia, Alessia Guidotti, Stefano Piaserico","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08338-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08338-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cheilitis refers to an acute or chronic inflammation of the lips. It may occur in isolation, affecting only the vermilion border, or may be associated with oral or perioral involvement. Numerous dermatological and systemic diseases may involve the lips, making the clinical assessment of cheilitis particularly challenging. Various types of cheilitis distinguished by frequency, cause, and duration have been described in the literature. However, there are no univocal recommendations on classification. This article aims to introduce a classification of cheilitis based on etiology, according to the following categories: 1) isolated cheilitis, referring to inflammation confined exclusively to the lips, without systemic manifestations or oral cavity involvement. This group includes cheilitis simplex, contact cheilitis, exfoliative cheilitis, granulomatous cheilitis, glandular cheilitis, plasma cell cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, and infectious cheilitis; 2) cheilitis associated with dermatological conditions that exhibit little to no systemic involvement, such as atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, autoimmune bullous diseases, discoid lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis; 3) cheilitis associated with systemic diseases when lip inflammation occurs in the context of systemic conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and nutritional deficiencies; and 4) drug-induced cheilitis, when a clear causal relationship is established between drug exposure and lip inflammation, as observed in cases of cheilitis induced by oral retinoids, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome. This proposed classification may offer clinicians a practical tool for the systematic evaluation and management of patients presenting with cheilitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08398-7
Emanuele Trovato, Alberta Bettacchi, Tommaso Bianchelli, Aldo Cuccia, Gionata Buggiani, Giulia Ganzetti, Paolo Romita, Anna Campanati, Valentina Dini, Francesca Prignano
{"title":"Forty-eight-week safety of bimekizumab in psoriasis: focus on infectious comorbidities.","authors":"Emanuele Trovato, Alberta Bettacchi, Tommaso Bianchelli, Aldo Cuccia, Gionata Buggiani, Giulia Ganzetti, Paolo Romita, Anna Campanati, Valentina Dini, Francesca Prignano","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08398-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08398-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deucravacitinib could be an effective and safe choice in patients affected with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (Psorema)?","authors":"Edoardo Cammarata, Federica Veronese, Paola Savoia","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08277-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08277-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08219-2
Silvia Borriello, Sara Boskovic, Chiara Astrua, Giovanni Cavaliere, Matteo Brizio, Niccolò Siliquini, Nadia Sciamarrelli, Nicole Macagno, Pietro Quaglino, Simone Ribero
{"title":"Late-onset inflammatory reaction with panniculitis and persistent edema following dermal fillers, successfully treated with omalizumab.","authors":"Silvia Borriello, Sara Boskovic, Chiara Astrua, Giovanni Cavaliere, Matteo Brizio, Niccolò Siliquini, Nadia Sciamarrelli, Nicole Macagno, Pietro Quaglino, Simone Ribero","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08219-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08219-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08300-8
Daniele O Traini, Gerardo Palmisano, Lorenzo M Pinto, Alessandro DI Stefani, Cristina Guerriero, Ketty Peris
{"title":"Evaluation of localized scleroderma by line-field confocal optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Daniele O Traini, Gerardo Palmisano, Lorenzo M Pinto, Alessandro DI Stefani, Cristina Guerriero, Ketty Peris","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08300-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08300-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08304-5
Cristiana Colonna, Nicola A Monzani, Alice Moiraghi, Arianna Tibiletti, Italo F Aromolo, Riccardo Cavalli
Introduction: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare inflammatory papulo-squamous skin disease. To date, the exact etiopathogenesis of PRP is unknown; although the most accepted triggers are viral or bacterial infections, few cases after vaccination have been reported as well.
Evidence acquisition: Our aim is to conduct a systematic review of cases of PRP triggered by vaccination. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles concerning PRP post-vaccination, published between January 2000 and June 2024. We also added a previously unpublished case that came to our attention.
Evidence synthesis: Twenty-three articles were included, and 30 cases have been identified. The majority of patients were male (20/30, 66.6%). The median age of onset was 55 years (min 17 months-max 85 years). Most patients (27/30, 90%) were adults vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, of whom 14/27 (51.9%) received mRNA-based vaccines (9 Comirnaty/Pfizer and 5 Spikevax/Moderna). The three pediatric cases had been vaccinated against Measles-Mumps-Rubella (2 cases) and intramuscular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine plus oral poliovirus. The temporal relationship between vaccination and PRP onset varied (median 10 days post-vaccination; min 2-max 30). PRP occurred both after the first dose (14/30, 46.6%) and at subsequent doses of the vaccine. The majority of patients re-exposed to new doses (6/9, 66%) experienced clinical exacerbation. Post-vaccination PRP responds well to both traditional and biologic treatments, with only 4/30 (13.3%) showing no resolution.
Conclusions: In conclusion, PRP post-vaccination is rare and likely underdiagnosed, but recognizing the association is important to evaluate any new exposures to the trigger. A thorough patient history, including recent vaccinations, is crucial.
{"title":"Pityriasis rubra pilaris triggered by vaccination.","authors":"Cristiana Colonna, Nicola A Monzani, Alice Moiraghi, Arianna Tibiletti, Italo F Aromolo, Riccardo Cavalli","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08304-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08304-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare inflammatory papulo-squamous skin disease. To date, the exact etiopathogenesis of PRP is unknown; although the most accepted triggers are viral or bacterial infections, few cases after vaccination have been reported as well.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Our aim is to conduct a systematic review of cases of PRP triggered by vaccination. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles concerning PRP post-vaccination, published between January 2000 and June 2024. We also added a previously unpublished case that came to our attention.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Twenty-three articles were included, and 30 cases have been identified. The majority of patients were male (20/30, 66.6%). The median age of onset was 55 years (min 17 months-max 85 years). Most patients (27/30, 90%) were adults vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, of whom 14/27 (51.9%) received mRNA-based vaccines (9 Comirnaty/Pfizer and 5 Spikevax/Moderna). The three pediatric cases had been vaccinated against Measles-Mumps-Rubella (2 cases) and intramuscular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine plus oral poliovirus. The temporal relationship between vaccination and PRP onset varied (median 10 days post-vaccination; min 2-max 30). PRP occurred both after the first dose (14/30, 46.6%) and at subsequent doses of the vaccine. The majority of patients re-exposed to new doses (6/9, 66%) experienced clinical exacerbation. Post-vaccination PRP responds well to both traditional and biologic treatments, with only 4/30 (13.3%) showing no resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, PRP post-vaccination is rare and likely underdiagnosed, but recognizing the association is important to evaluate any new exposures to the trigger. A thorough patient history, including recent vaccinations, is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08481-6
Diego Abbenante, Davide Bertolla, Alessandro Borghi, Michela Tabanelli
{"title":"Flagellate erythema as a cutaneous clue to adult-onset still's disease.","authors":"Diego Abbenante, Davide Bertolla, Alessandro Borghi, Michela Tabanelli","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08481-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08481-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08340-9
Anna Bolzon, Anna Lunardon, Fortunato Cassalia, Alessia Guidotti, Stefano Piaserico
Cheilitis refers to an acute or chronic inflammation of the lips. It may occur in isolation, affecting only the vermilion border, or may be associated with oral or perioral involvement. Numerous dermatological and systemic diseases may involve the lips, making the clinical assessment of cheilitis particularly challenging. Various types of cheilitis distinguished by frequency, cause, and duration have been described in literature. However, there are no univocal recommendations on classification. This article aims to introduce a classification of cheilitis based on etiology, according to the following categories: 1) isolated cheilitis, referring to inflammation confined exclusively to the lips, without systemic manifestations or oral cavity involvement. This group includes cheilitis simplex, contact cheilitis, exfoliative cheilitis, granulomatous cheilitis, glandular cheilitis, plasma cell cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, and infectious cheilitis; 2) cheilitis associated with dermatological conditions that exhibit little to no systemic involvement, such as atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, autoimmune bullous diseases, discoid lupus erythematosus and psoriasis; 3) cheilitis associated with systemic diseases when lip inflammation occurs in the context of systemic conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and nutritional deficiencies and 4) drug-induced cheilitis, when a clear causal relationship is established between drug exposure and lip inflammation, as observed in cases of cheilitis induced by oral retinoids, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and DRESS syndrome. This proposed classification may offer clinicians a practical tool for the systematic evaluation and management of patients presenting with cheilitis.
{"title":"Cheilitis: a comprehensive review and a new clinical classification proposal. Part 2: Cheilitis associated with dermatological diseases, systemic diseases, or drug reactions.","authors":"Anna Bolzon, Anna Lunardon, Fortunato Cassalia, Alessia Guidotti, Stefano Piaserico","doi":"10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08340-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2784-8671.25.08340-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cheilitis refers to an acute or chronic inflammation of the lips. It may occur in isolation, affecting only the vermilion border, or may be associated with oral or perioral involvement. Numerous dermatological and systemic diseases may involve the lips, making the clinical assessment of cheilitis particularly challenging. Various types of cheilitis distinguished by frequency, cause, and duration have been described in literature. However, there are no univocal recommendations on classification. This article aims to introduce a classification of cheilitis based on etiology, according to the following categories: 1) isolated cheilitis, referring to inflammation confined exclusively to the lips, without systemic manifestations or oral cavity involvement. This group includes cheilitis simplex, contact cheilitis, exfoliative cheilitis, granulomatous cheilitis, glandular cheilitis, plasma cell cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, and infectious cheilitis; 2) cheilitis associated with dermatological conditions that exhibit little to no systemic involvement, such as atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, autoimmune bullous diseases, discoid lupus erythematosus and psoriasis; 3) cheilitis associated with systemic diseases when lip inflammation occurs in the context of systemic conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and nutritional deficiencies and 4) drug-induced cheilitis, when a clear causal relationship is established between drug exposure and lip inflammation, as observed in cases of cheilitis induced by oral retinoids, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and DRESS syndrome. This proposed classification may offer clinicians a practical tool for the systematic evaluation and management of patients presenting with cheilitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14526,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145653877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}