Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.06
Akhmad Nurdin, D. A. Himawanto, S. Hadi
Water systems such as pipelines, pumping stations and other channels in horizontal flow have the potential as pico scale hydropower. This study aims to observe the effect of the number of blades and the blade angle on the electric power generation in the small bulb turbine on horizontal flow. This study also observes how the number of blades and blade angle affected the electrical power generated using analysis of variance. The level on the parameter number of blades used was 4, 5, 6, and 7 blades, while the level parameters on the blade angle were 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees and each level was tested 4 replication at the discharge of 13 L/s. This paper shows the results of turbine performance in the form of angular velocity, electric power, efficiency, and the test results of the analysis of variance using SPSS 17 software. The results of the study show the number of blades 5 with a 20 degree blade angle of the best performance compared another the number of blades and the blade angle with an efficiency of about 50%. The results of the analysis of variance show the blade angle of the blade has a more dominant effect on electrical power than the number of blades.
{"title":"Utilization of Horizontal Water System as Electrical Power Generation in Pico Scale with a Small Bulb Turbine","authors":"Akhmad Nurdin, D. A. Himawanto, S. Hadi","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Water systems such as pipelines, pumping stations and other channels in horizontal flow have the potential as pico scale hydropower. This study aims to observe the effect of the number of blades and the blade angle on the electric power generation in the small bulb turbine on horizontal flow. This study also observes how the number of blades and blade angle affected the electrical power generated using analysis of variance. The level on the parameter number of blades used was 4, 5, 6, and 7 blades, while the level parameters on the blade angle were 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees and each level was tested 4 replication at the discharge of 13 L/s. This paper shows the results of turbine performance in the form of angular velocity, electric power, efficiency, and the test results of the analysis of variance using SPSS 17 software. The results of the study show the number of blades 5 with a 20 degree blade angle of the best performance compared another the number of blades and the blade angle with an efficiency of about 50%. The results of the analysis of variance show the blade angle of the blade has a more dominant effect on electrical power than the number of blades.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77723366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.07
S. Naser, F. Haghparast, M. Singery, H. S. Sarbangholi
Iranian vernacular architecture has rich experiences in terms of coordinating with its surroundings. although, high energy consumption was one of the major concerns in the past decades. According to statistics presented by Iranian Statistics Center, 40% of the country's energy consumption is relevant to the construction industry. However, about 70% of consumption is used solely for space heating and cooling. In the meantime, windows have a significant influence on the thermal performance. Ganjei-Zade House in Tabriz is one of the monuments and includes two parts. The north side of Qajar era and the western side was added to the former building in Pahlavi era. The present article deals with the study of the evolution of windows from Qajar to Pahlavi in Ganjei-zade house and the amount of heat dissipation from windows. These evaluations has been carried out by simulating Ganjei-zade house in the DesignBuilder software. The research related to this article was conducted based on analytic and comparative method and the purpose is to provide the important criteria for windows in residential buildings in the cold climate of Tabriz considering native architecture solutions in order to reduce heat dissipation. The conducted calculations confirm that the amount of heat losses from windows from Qajar to Pahlavi era, has been reduced by 22.2% and the amount of heat dissipation per square meter of windows from Qajar period to Pahlavi was decreased by 58.33%.
{"title":"Investigating on Evolution of Windows from Qajar to Pahlavi Era in Tabriz's Ganjei-Zade House with Heat Dissipation Approach","authors":"S. Naser, F. Haghparast, M. Singery, H. S. Sarbangholi","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"Iranian vernacular architecture has rich experiences in terms of coordinating with its surroundings. although, high energy consumption was one of the major concerns in the past decades. According to statistics presented by Iranian Statistics Center, 40% of the country's energy consumption is relevant to the construction industry. However, about 70% of consumption is used solely for space heating and cooling. In the meantime, windows have a significant influence on the thermal performance. Ganjei-Zade House in Tabriz is one of the monuments and includes two parts. The north side of Qajar era and the western side was added to the former building in Pahlavi era. The present article deals with the study of the evolution of windows from Qajar to Pahlavi in Ganjei-zade house and the amount of heat dissipation from windows. These evaluations has been carried out by simulating Ganjei-zade house in the DesignBuilder software. The research related to this article was conducted based on analytic and comparative method and the purpose is to provide the important criteria for windows in residential buildings in the cold climate of Tabriz considering native architecture solutions in order to reduce heat dissipation. The conducted calculations confirm that the amount of heat losses from windows from Qajar to Pahlavi era, has been reduced by 22.2% and the amount of heat dissipation per square meter of windows from Qajar period to Pahlavi was decreased by 58.33%.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83142212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.04.02
M. Kazemian, S. G. Nassab, E. J. Javarana
In the present work, the statistical analyses are presented to study the economic indexes of Net Present Value (NPV) and Simple Payback Period (SPB) as response functions for the Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system. The CCHP performance is simulated with the aid of thermodynamic modeling, and also economic equations are presented for economic simulation. An attempt is made to study the effect of some economic factors (interest ratio, fuel cost, lifetime, and electricity sell price) on the system’s responses. Based on the Design of Experiment analysis, regression models are presented to quantify the effects of these parameters on the Net Present Value and Simple Payback Periods. This novel approach is developed utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) method. Sensitivity analysis of the economic parameters was also examined in this research. Optimal values of these parameters were obtained for the two economic indexes as response functions.
{"title":"Techno-economic Optimization of Combined Cooling, Heat and Power System Based on Response Surface Methodology","authors":"M. Kazemian, S. G. Nassab, E. J. Javarana","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the statistical analyses are presented to study the economic indexes of Net Present Value (NPV) and Simple Payback Period (SPB) as response functions for the Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system. The CCHP performance is simulated with the aid of thermodynamic modeling, and also economic equations are presented for economic simulation. An attempt is made to study the effect of some economic factors (interest ratio, fuel cost, lifetime, and electricity sell price) on the system’s responses. Based on the Design of Experiment analysis, regression models are presented to quantify the effects of these parameters on the Net Present Value and Simple Payback Periods. This novel approach is developed utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) method. Sensitivity analysis of the economic parameters was also examined in this research. Optimal values of these parameters were obtained for the two economic indexes as response functions.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73178836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.08
O. Hadad, O. Soltani, H. Azizian, V. M. Ghaderi
Due to the increasing use of concrete, researchers and engineers are constantly tried to improve its mechanical and physical properties as well as its efficiency. Hence, they have made use of the most diverse products and the most modern concere technologies. In the present study, oak bark ash and macro fly ash have been used as the most widely used pozzolans in the concrete industry. The parameters of concrete and the percentages of materials used in its structure remained constant, but different percentages of oak bark ash and macro fly ash have been added to the mix design. Brazilian method and bending strength of concrete was applied. The parameters of concrete density, concrete consistency, compressive strength, and tensile strength have been investigated..Therefore, the existing materials required necessary tests; based on obtained resulted, an optimal design for the concrete mix was introduced from which the necessary specimens were taken into consideration. Then, oak bark ash was used as an additive, in proportions of 0.2 and 0.4% by the total weight of cement, and macro fly ash was used to replace cement as a variable in various proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by total weight of cement. Based on the existing variables and the control design, a total of 15 groups of mix designs were introduced. The statistical population includes 45 cubic specimens (15×15×15), and 45 cylindrical specimens (15×30) for tensile strength test using Brazilian method. Also 45 bending beam specimens having dimensions of 10×10×50 were examined. Finally, after analysis of the obtained results, we dentified the superior mix design had the best performance and that both additives affected all studied parameters, including concrete consistency, density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength of concrete. However, macro fly ash had a great effect on the conrete strength. The obtained results also indicated that excessive use of any additive could have adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the concrete.
{"title":"Investigating the Simultaneous Effect of Macro Fly Ash and Oak Bark Ash on Mechanical Properties of Concrete","authors":"O. Hadad, O. Soltani, H. Azizian, V. M. Ghaderi","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing use of concrete, researchers and engineers are constantly tried to improve its mechanical and physical properties as well as its efficiency. Hence, they have made use of the most diverse products and the most modern concere technologies. In the present study, oak bark ash and macro fly ash have been used as the most widely used pozzolans in the concrete industry. The parameters of concrete and the percentages of materials used in its structure remained constant, but different percentages of oak bark ash and macro fly ash have been added to the mix design. Brazilian method and bending strength of concrete was applied. The parameters of concrete density, concrete consistency, compressive strength, and tensile strength have been investigated..Therefore, the existing materials required necessary tests; based on obtained resulted, an optimal design for the concrete mix was introduced from which the necessary specimens were taken into consideration. Then, oak bark ash was used as an additive, in proportions of 0.2 and 0.4% by the total weight of cement, and macro fly ash was used to replace cement as a variable in various proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by total weight of cement. Based on the existing variables and the control design, a total of 15 groups of mix designs were introduced. The statistical population includes 45 cubic specimens (15×15×15), and 45 cylindrical specimens (15×30) for tensile strength test using Brazilian method. Also 45 bending beam specimens having dimensions of 10×10×50 were examined. Finally, after analysis of the obtained results, we dentified the superior mix design had the best performance and that both additives affected all studied parameters, including concrete consistency, density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength of concrete. However, macro fly ash had a great effect on the conrete strength. The obtained results also indicated that excessive use of any additive could have adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the concrete.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80026081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.11
H. Zare, F. Meiguni, G. Najafpour
Alkaline proteases are the most important groups of commercial enzymes, which have been broadly used in industrial processes. In this study, Bacillus sp. PTCC 1538 was selected as a biological agent to produce alkaline protease. Enzyme production under submerge fermentation using industrial waste effluent was investigated. Since the costs of the raw material plays an important role in the cost of enzyme production, corn steep liquor (CSL) was selected as a low-cost substrate to reduce the cost of enzyme production. Various carbon sources were used as the auxiliary substrates to enhance enzyme production. Results showed that maximum enzyme activity was obtained when wheat bran was used as an auxiliary substrate. Optimal media composition and growth conditions for alkaline protease production were defined. The optimum conditions were found to be pH 8, incubation temperature of 37 °C, CSL inoculum size of 5 v/v %, yeast extract and wheat bran concentrations of 2 and 6 g/l, respectively. CaCl2 was used as an activator to enhance proteolytic activity of the enzyme. Under optimum condition, enzyme activity of 100.7 U/ml was obtained at CaCl2 concentration of 1.5 g/l.
{"title":"Production of Alkaline Protease Using Industrial Waste Effluent as Low-cost Fermentation Substrate","authors":"H. Zare, F. Meiguni, G. Najafpour","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline proteases are the most important groups of commercial enzymes, which have been broadly used in industrial processes. In this study, Bacillus sp. PTCC 1538 was selected as a biological agent to produce alkaline protease. Enzyme production under submerge fermentation using industrial waste effluent was investigated. Since the costs of the raw material plays an important role in the cost of enzyme production, corn steep liquor (CSL) was selected as a low-cost substrate to reduce the cost of enzyme production. Various carbon sources were used as the auxiliary substrates to enhance enzyme production. Results showed that maximum enzyme activity was obtained when wheat bran was used as an auxiliary substrate. Optimal media composition and growth conditions for alkaline protease production were defined. The optimum conditions were found to be pH 8, incubation temperature of 37 °C, CSL inoculum size of 5 v/v %, yeast extract and wheat bran concentrations of 2 and 6 g/l, respectively. CaCl2 was used as an activator to enhance proteolytic activity of the enzyme. Under optimum condition, enzyme activity of 100.7 U/ml was obtained at CaCl2 concentration of 1.5 g/l.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"362 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89299743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.04.01
N. Norouzi
Hydrogen energy has the advantages of low carbon and cleanliness, high energy density, and high conversion efficiency; it is expected to play a pivotal role in Eastern Asia and the MENA region’s energy transition. The research status and development prospects of various technologies in hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and hydrogen use are analyzed. On this basis, specific technical paths for developing renewable energy and integrated energy service parks coupled with hydrogen energy are proposed. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) electrolysis hydrogen production and solid material hydrogen storage are the most potential development in directions of hydrogen production and hydrogen storage. Technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell and natural gas hydrogen mixture in the hydrogen use link should be simultaneously promoted. The organic combination of wind/light-abandoned hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, wind power/photovoltaic off-grid hydrogen production with fuel cell power generation, hydrogen refueling station supply, methanol production, and natural gas hydrogen mixing technology would effectively solve the uneconomical and transportation difficulties of renewable energy hydrogen production. At the same time, hydrogen energy can realize the interconnection of multiple energy networks, and its application prospects in the future integrated energy service parks are very broad.
{"title":"Assessment of Technological Path of Hydrogen Energy Industry Development: A Review","authors":"N. Norouzi","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen energy has the advantages of low carbon and cleanliness, high energy density, and high conversion efficiency; it is expected to play a pivotal role in Eastern Asia and the MENA region’s energy transition. The research status and development prospects of various technologies in hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and hydrogen use are analyzed. On this basis, specific technical paths for developing renewable energy and integrated energy service parks coupled with hydrogen energy are proposed. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) electrolysis hydrogen production and solid material hydrogen storage are the most potential development in directions of hydrogen production and hydrogen storage. Technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell and natural gas hydrogen mixture in the hydrogen use link should be simultaneously promoted. The organic combination of wind/light-abandoned hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, wind power/photovoltaic off-grid hydrogen production with fuel cell power generation, hydrogen refueling station supply, methanol production, and natural gas hydrogen mixing technology would effectively solve the uneconomical and transportation difficulties of renewable energy hydrogen production. At the same time, hydrogen energy can realize the interconnection of multiple energy networks, and its application prospects in the future integrated energy service parks are very broad.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85478952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.01
S. G. Nassab, M. Moein Addini
In the present paper, the use of radiating gas instead of air inside the cavity of compound parabolic collectors (CPSs) is suggested and verified by numerical analysis. The collector under study has a simple cone shape with flat absorber which is filled with a participating gas such as carbon dioxide instead of air for the purpose of increasing the thermal performance. In numerical simulation, the continuity, momentum and energy equations for the steady natural convection laminar gas flow in the CPC’s cavity and the conduction equation for glass cover and absorber plate were solved by the finite element method (FEM) using the COMSOL multi-physics. Because of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the intensity of radiation in participating gas flow should be computed. Toward this end, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) was solved by the discrete ordinate method (DOM), considering both diffuse and collimated radiations. The approximation was employed in calculation of the diffuse part of radiation. It was observed that the gas radiation causes high temperature with more uniform distribution inside the cavity of collector. Also, numerical results reveal more than 3% increase in the rate of heat transfer from absorber surface into working fluid and hence a desired performance for the collector because of the gas radiation effect. Comparison between the present numerical results with theoretical and experimental data reported in the literature showed good consistency.
{"title":"Effect of Radiative Filling Gas in Compound Parabolic Solar Energy Collectors","authors":"S. G. Nassab, M. Moein Addini","doi":"10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, the use of radiating gas instead of air inside the cavity of compound parabolic collectors (CPSs) is suggested and verified by numerical analysis. The collector under study has a simple cone shape with flat absorber which is filled with a participating gas such as carbon dioxide instead of air for the purpose of increasing the thermal performance. In numerical simulation, the continuity, momentum and energy equations for the steady natural convection laminar gas flow in the CPC’s cavity and the conduction equation for glass cover and absorber plate were solved by the finite element method (FEM) using the COMSOL multi-physics. Because of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the intensity of radiation in participating gas flow should be computed. Toward this end, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) was solved by the discrete ordinate method (DOM), considering both diffuse and collimated radiations. The approximation was employed in calculation of the diffuse part of radiation. It was observed that the gas radiation causes high temperature with more uniform distribution inside the cavity of collector. Also, numerical results reveal more than 3% increase in the rate of heat transfer from absorber surface into working fluid and hence a desired performance for the collector because of the gas radiation effect. Comparison between the present numerical results with theoretical and experimental data reported in the literature showed good consistency.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84693827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.10
F. O. Aweda, S. Adebayo, T. K. Samson, I. A. Ojedokun
In this study, the net radiation was estimated using a simple straightforward expression proposed by different researchers, which is based on the principle of the Fourier Series Technique. The estimation of net radiation of Iwo ( ) from the data collected from the archive of HelioClim satellite MERRA- 2 (i.e. global solar radiation and air temperature) was done on the real and imaginary measurements. The result of both real and imaginary radiation at maximum revealed ( ) and minimum at about ( ), while solar radiation and temperature revealed about ( ) and 299K maximum and minimum ( ) and 297.7K, respectively. Statistically, the result indicated that the regression coefficient of 3.959 with t- statistics of 3.34 and p < 0.05 indicates that for every 1K increase in air temperature, solar radiation will increase by 3.959, which shows that both solar radiation and temperature have a significant effect on net radiation. Therefore, the researchers concluded that Iwo had maximum real net radiation in February with months such as January, March, July, August, October and December as minimum radiation while imaginary radiation had its maximum and minimum in September and August respectively.
{"title":"Modelling Net Radiative Measurement of Meteorological Parameters Using MERRA-2 Data in Sub-Sahara African Town","authors":"F. O. Aweda, S. Adebayo, T. K. Samson, I. A. Ojedokun","doi":"10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the net radiation was estimated using a simple straightforward expression proposed by different researchers, which is based on the principle of the Fourier Series Technique. The estimation of net radiation of Iwo ( ) from the data collected from the archive of HelioClim satellite MERRA- 2 (i.e. global solar radiation and air temperature) was done on the real and imaginary measurements. The result of both real and imaginary radiation at maximum revealed ( ) and minimum at about ( ), while solar radiation and temperature revealed about ( ) and 299K maximum and minimum ( ) and 297.7K, respectively. Statistically, the result indicated that the regression coefficient of 3.959 with t- statistics of 3.34 and p < 0.05 indicates that for every 1K increase in air temperature, solar radiation will increase by 3.959, which shows that both solar radiation and temperature have a significant effect on net radiation. Therefore, the researchers concluded that Iwo had maximum real net radiation in February with months such as January, March, July, August, October and December as minimum radiation while imaginary radiation had its maximum and minimum in September and August respectively.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"11 Suppl 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80053868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.07
H. Tagimalek, M. R. Maraki, M. Mahmoodi, P. Zadeh
Forging is one of the oldest and the most important processes of metal forming. The process occurs due to the waxy deformation of metal. In the forging process, the die walls control the material flow and the mechanical properties of the workpiece are significantly improved. Today's world industries, financing costs play a leading role in production. These categories have entered the industry to create a variety of simulation and numerical modeling methods to eliminate this problem. Simulation and experimental test, mechanical properties in the hot forging process in high-cost materials are of great interest to researchers. In this paper, the mechanical properties of hot forging in Ti6Al4V alloy are investigated. According to the obtained results, it can be found that a very close agreement has been made on experiments reported in literature and the simulation. Depending on the results, the strain rate Z-axis showed the shear bands appeared exactly on the 45-degree plates and in the sample center. In fact, the intersection of the band's sample center is the max strain applied to the die. This area has been created with an effective strain and stress at all depths of the workpiece and gradually expands.
{"title":"Investigation Experimental and Finite Element Method of Mechanical Properties of Hot Forging on Ti6Al4V Alloy","authors":"H. Tagimalek, M. R. Maraki, M. Mahmoodi, P. Zadeh","doi":"10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Forging is one of the oldest and the most important processes of metal forming. The process occurs due to the waxy deformation of metal. In the forging process, the die walls control the material flow and the mechanical properties of the workpiece are significantly improved. Today's world industries, financing costs play a leading role in production. These categories have entered the industry to create a variety of simulation and numerical modeling methods to eliminate this problem. Simulation and experimental test, mechanical properties in the hot forging process in high-cost materials are of great interest to researchers. In this paper, the mechanical properties of hot forging in Ti6Al4V alloy are investigated. According to the obtained results, it can be found that a very close agreement has been made on experiments reported in literature and the simulation. Depending on the results, the strain rate Z-axis showed the shear bands appeared exactly on the 45-degree plates and in the sample center. In fact, the intersection of the band's sample center is the max strain applied to the die. This area has been created with an effective strain and stress at all depths of the workpiece and gradually expands.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"R-36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84565093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.08
M. Benmedjahed, R. Maouedj, S. Mouhadjer, Y. Menni, H. Ameur, A. Dahbi, D. Saba, T. Touahri
An objective analysis of the wind atlas map of the region of Adrar (Algeria) at a height of 10 meters above ground is essential, in order to classify these velocities according to the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) classification, and then to develop the separation velocity map. The present work is conducted in the region of Adrar to determine the monthly, seasonal, and annual energy generated by the Whisper200 wind turbine by using the Rayleigh distribution and the wind data recorded every three hours from January 1st, 1961 to December 31st, 2018. From the obtained findings, the northeast region of Adrar is a suitable region for wind applications. The surface of this area is equal to 16587 km², where two sites are located (Kaberten and Aougroute). However, the second PNL class is divided into seven zones. The wind speed in this region (2nd PNL class) is favourable for the setup of isolated wind turbines or hybrid systems. The following cities are located in this region (2nd PNL class): Adrar, Aoulef, Bordj Baji Mokthar, Timaiaouine, Regagne, and Timimoune.
{"title":"Analysis of the Wind Resources in Saharan Atlas of Algeria: Adrar Region as a Case Study","authors":"M. Benmedjahed, R. Maouedj, S. Mouhadjer, Y. Menni, H. Ameur, A. Dahbi, D. Saba, T. Touahri","doi":"10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"An objective analysis of the wind atlas map of the region of Adrar (Algeria) at a height of 10 meters above ground is essential, in order to classify these velocities according to the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) classification, and then to develop the separation velocity map. The present work is conducted in the region of Adrar to determine the monthly, seasonal, and annual energy generated by the Whisper200 wind turbine by using the Rayleigh distribution and the wind data recorded every three hours from January 1st, 1961 to December 31st, 2018. From the obtained findings, the northeast region of Adrar is a suitable region for wind applications. The surface of this area is equal to 16587 km², where two sites are located (Kaberten and Aougroute). However, the second PNL class is divided into seven zones. The wind speed in this region (2nd PNL class) is favourable for the setup of isolated wind turbines or hybrid systems. The following cities are located in this region (2nd PNL class): Adrar, Aoulef, Bordj Baji Mokthar, Timaiaouine, Regagne, and Timimoune.","PeriodicalId":14542,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85295524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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