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Knowledge generation between design, data and theory 设计、数据和理论之间的知识生成
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2125
A. Brase
Design-based research (DBR) is a diversified research genre: The combination of two worlds – that of research and that of education – and the different backgrounds and intentions of those involved entail different emphases, epistemological ideas, ideas on valuable outcomes and normative claims. This becomes visible in very different kinds of reasoning: No uniform structure of argumentation can be discerned, and so far, a differentiation into clear DBR types has not been convincingly achieved. This is a challenge for the orientation of DBR novices, the quality review of DBR studies, and the legitimation of DBR in the field of educational research. This article provides an empirical contribution to the discussion on argumentation: In a literature review, DBR studies are examined regarding their outcomes, the rationales authors use to justify their outcomes and indications for specific challenges in DBR reasoning. The analysis confirms for the sample that preliminary, prescriptive theory is most common alongside diverse practical outcomes. Authors often justify them with emphasis on variation, iteration, cooperation, and data triangulation. Different (standard) orientations, multi-level reasoning, and sub-studies present challenges for authors and readers, going back to the complexity of DBR projects. To justify their results in a comprehensible way, authors are confronted with the task to actively select an argumentation strategy.
基于设计的研究(DBR)是一种多样化的研究流派:研究和教育这两个世界的结合,以及参与者的不同背景和意图,导致了不同的侧重点、认识论观点、有价值的成果观点和规范性主张。这一点在截然不同的推理中显而易见:没有统一的论证结构可言,而且迄今为止,尚未令人信服地将 DBR 类型明确区分开来。这对 DBR 新手的定位、DBR 研究的质量审查以及 DBR 在教育研究领域的合法化都是一个挑战。本文为有关论证的讨论提供了经验性的贡献:在文献综述中,对 DBR 研究的结果、作者用来证明其结果的理由以及 DBR 推理中的具体挑战进行了研究。分析表明,在样本中,初步的、规范性的理论与多样化的实践成果最为常见。作者通常通过强调变异、迭代、合作和数据三角测量来证明其合理性。不同的(标准)方向、多层次的推理和子研究给作者和读者带来了挑战,这与 DBR 项目的复杂性有关。为了以易于理解的方式证明其结果的合理性,作者面临着积极选择论证策略的任务。
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引用次数: 0
Is this systematic enough? Systematicity and openness in the implementation phase of DBR 这是否足够系统化?DBR 实施阶段的系统性和公开性
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2161
Silvia Introna
Within Design Based Research (DBR), designing and implementing an intervention in order to improve an educational practice become part of the research process. This represents a unique feature of DBR. Though the innovative nature of DBR raises questions that have not yet been answered. This paper focuses on the extent to which systematicity, as principle of scientific research, and openness, as essential prerequisite of teaching practice, can be both fulfilled within the implementation phase of DBR studies. By presenting an investigation in the field of German as a foreign language I will offer an example of the challenges that researchers face regarding the tension between systematicity and openness. Besides the discussion about DBR standards, the aim of this paper is to delineate concrete requirements for the further development of this research approach. Guidelines helping researchers to use DBR appropriately represent an important step which could clarify still controversial aspects of DBR and also lead to an increase in its use. In this paper, I suggest that concepts discussed within the implementation research, like for instance Fidelity of Implementation, can help to develop such guidelines.
在基于设计的研究(DBR)中,设计和实施干预措施以改进教育实践成为研究过程的一 部分。这是 DBR 的独特之处。尽管基于设计的研究具有创新性,但它也提出了一些尚未回答的问题。本文重点探讨了作为科学研究原则的系统性和作为教学实践基本前提的开放性在多大程度上可以在 DBR 研究的实施阶段同时实现。通过介绍对外德语领域的一项调查,我将举例说明研究人员在系统性和开放性之间的矛盾中所面临的挑战。除了讨论 DBR 标准之外,本文的目的还在于为这种研究方法的进一步发展提出具体要求。帮助研究人员适当使用 DBR 的指南是重要的一步,它可以澄清 DBR 中仍有争议的方面,也可以促进 DBR 的使用。在本文中,我建议在实施研究中讨论的概念,例如 "实施的忠实性"(Fidelity of Implementation),可以帮助制定这样的指导方针。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge by Design in Education 教育中的知识设计
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2213
A. Brase, Tobias Jenert
The editorial introduces the special issue Knowledge by Design in Education: Key challenges and experiences from research practice, posing key questions, offering an insight into ongoing discussions, and presenting an overview of the included articles.
这篇社论介绍了特刊《教育中的设计知识》:来自研究实践的主要挑战和经验,提出关键问题,深入探讨正在进行的讨论,并概述收录的文章。
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引用次数: 0
Research Slices 研究切片
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2127
Daniel G. Rees Lewis, Matthew W. Easterday, Christopher K. Riesbeck
Educational Design Research (EDeR) methodologists argue that iteration is a core component of EDeR. Iteration is currently defined as a process of gathering more information through actions, such as testing, and using that information to improve the design. In this paper, we seek to tighten the definition of iteration to help EDeR teams conduct iterations more effectively. We argue that EDeR teams should organize their research in slices that deliver small but real value to end users while informing the design research. EDeR should pick slices that are: (a) minimal and focused, (b) deployed in a real context, (c) valuable to the end users, and (d) informative to the research. Slicing helps EDeR teams increase ecological validity when they test because it allows testing which is within real-world educational contexts or with the stakeholders who will use and be impacted by the design. Increasing ecological validity of testing is particularly important because EDeR projects tackle highly complex real-world problems with many unknown elements and relational complexity—this means it is challenging to predict what designs will have the desired impact without real-world deployment. Effective iteration through organizing research in slices helps EDeR teams to better support stakeholder goals, develop more impactful theory, and have greater and earlier impact upon education.
教育设计研究(EDeR)方法论专家认为,迭代是教育设计研究的核心组成部分。目前,迭代被定义为通过测试等行动收集更多信息,并利用这些信息改进设计的过程。在本文中,我们试图收紧迭代的定义,以帮助 EDeR 团队更有效地进行迭代。我们认为,EDeR 团队应在为设计研究提供信息的同时,组织切片研究,为最终用户提供微小但真实的价值。EDeR 应选择以下切片:(a) 最小且重点突出;(b) 在真实环境中部署;(c) 对最终用户有价值;(d) 为研究提供信息。切片有助于教育电子化研究团队在测试时提高生态有效性,因为它允许在真实的教育环境中或与将使用设计并受其影响的利益相关者一起进行测试。提高测试的生态有效性尤为重要,因为教育电子化研究项目要解决的是高度复杂的现实世界问题,其中有许多未知因素和复杂关系--这意味着,在没有实际部署的情况下,预测什么样的设计会产生预期的影响具有挑战性。通过分片组织研究进行有效迭代,有助于教育电子化研究团队更好地支持利益相关者的目标,开发更有影响力的理论,并对教育产生更大、更早的影响。
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引用次数: 0
How to align objectives of practitioners and scientists in DBR projects? 如何在 DBR 项目中统一实践者和科学家的目标?
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2131
Dieter Euler
The interaction of scientists and practitioners is an essential component within Design-Based Research. Their close collaboration is assumed to hold the potential to increase the quality of both the innovative solution of educational problems and the generation of scientific knowledge. At the same time, there are some challenges associated with realizing this potential. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of collaboration between researchers and practitioners in DBR projects. After a broader description of the problem situation, an in-depth discussion of the interests, perspectives, and frame conditions of the project actors from science and practice takes place using the example of the determination of project goals. The paper ends with the recommendation of design principles for the cooperation of scientists and practitioners.
科学家和实践者之间的互动是基于设计的研究的重要组成部分。他们之间的密切合作被认为有可能提高教育问题的创新解决方案和科学知识的生成质量。与此同时,实现这一潜力也面临着一些挑战。本文探讨了研究人员与实践人员在 DBR 项目中开展合作的机遇与挑战。在对问题情境进行广泛描述之后,以项目目标的确定为例,深入讨论了科学和实践项目参与者的兴趣、观点和框架条件。文章最后提出了科学家与实践者合作的设计原则。
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引用次数: 0
Theory genesis in the design-based research process – a subject didactic view on theory application, verification and development by using design principles 以设计为基础的研究过程中的理论起源--利用设计原则应用、验证和发展理论的学科教学观点
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2128
Barbara Feulner, Jan Hiller, Pola Serwene
This article intends to provide answers to the overarching question of how theories, which are transferred into concrete design principles, develop in a DBR process. Theories from three completed DBR projects in geography didactics will be examined regarding their genesis in the research process and their function in individual phases of a DBR cycle. The chosen theories differ in scope, depth and empirical saturation. The aim is to analyse the role that these theories take in the DBR research process and to discuss them in terms of their contribution to the output of DBR projects and a possible generalisability of the findings. Finally, the results of the analyses are synthesised into a model for theory genesis in DBR projects.
本文旨在回答一个首要问题,即理论是如何在 DBR 过程中发展的,这些理论又是如何转化为具体的设计原则的。本文将对三个已完成的地理教学法 DBR 项目中的理论进行研究,探讨它们在研究过程中的起源及其在 DBR 周期各个阶段中的作用。所选理论的范围、深度和经验饱和度各不相同。目的是分析这些理论在 DBR 研究过程中所起的作用,并从它们对 DBR 项目成果的贡献和研究结果的可推广性方面进行讨论。最后,将分析结果综合为 DBR 项目中的理论生成模型。
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引用次数: 0
Design research on an online summer school in mathematics education 数学教育在线暑期学校的设计研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2129
A. Bikner-Ahsbahs
Design research in education pursues two goals simultaneously: the development of a design and a local theory that clarifies how the design can achieve the intended effects and under what conditions. The results are obtained in an iterative cyclical process including both the implementation of the design and the research on its implementation. Each cycle contains a prospective phase, in which the design is determined, and a reflective phase, in which the implementation of the design is examined. The nested connection of theory and design development leads to a reciprocal relationship between the two final products.This article introduces an example of design research from mathematics education, in which an online summer school for doctoral students was to be framed in response to the sudden lockdown situation at the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. At short notice, the original summer school was moved into the virtual space of a digital conference system resulting in new framework conditions; previous design principles were adapted and a rhythmical organization of space and time was theorized and implemented. Rhythm analyses show that design decisions to realize ontological, epistemological and axiological commitments intertwined and thus fostered students’ interactive learning processes. Consequently, the suggestion is made to merge the three commitments into a three-dimensional framework concept of ethico-onto-epistemological commitments. Such a framework concept would have the function of reconciling ethical, ontological and epistemological dimensions in design research in the pursuit of robust teaching-learning processes and incorporating the ethical responsibilities of design researchers conceptually for both design and local theory.
教育领域的设计研究同时追求两个目标:开发一种设计和一种本地理论,以阐明这种设计如何以及在什么条件下能够达到预期效果。研究成果是在一个反复循环的过程中获得的,包括设计的实施和对其实施的研究。每个周期都包含一个前瞻性阶段和一个反思性阶段,前瞻性阶段负责确定设计方案,反思性阶段负责检查设计方案的实施情况。理论和设计开发的嵌套联系导致了两个最终产品之间的互惠关系。本文介绍了数学教育中的一个设计研究实例,在该实例中,针对博士生的在线暑期班是为了应对 Covid-19 大流行病爆发时的突然封锁情况而设计的。在短时间内,原来的暑期班被转移到了数字会议系统的虚拟空间,从而产生了新的框架条件;以前的设计原则被调整,空间和时间的节奏组织被理论化并付诸实施。节奏分析表明,为实现本体论、认识论和公理承诺而做出的设计决定相互交织,从而促进了学生的互动学习过程。因此,建议将这三种承诺合并为一个三维框架概念,即伦理-认识论-公理承诺。这样一个框架概念的功能是在设计研究中调和伦理、本体论和认识论维度,以追求稳健的教学过程,并在概念上纳入设计研究者对设计和地方理论的伦理责任。
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引用次数: 0
Conjecturing is not all 猜想并非全部
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15460/eder.8.1.2120
Susanne Prediger
Although generating empirically grounded theoretical contributions has been an essential aim of design research from the beginning, the underlying methodology has been described as in need for further elaboration with respect to rigor. Existing methodological elaborations on theorizing in design research often focus on argumentative grammar of strengthening prescriptive conjectures. Beyond these, this paper argues that prescriptive theory elements require generating categorial, descriptive, and explanatory theory elements before the suggested argumentative grammars can be treated. With an example from a design research study for professional development, the immense work of elaborating categorial and explanatory theory elements is illustrated that is needed before concise prescriptive conjectures can be made and tested.
尽管从一开始,设计研究的一个基本目标就是产生以经验为基础的理论贡献,但其基本方法论在严谨性方面却需要进一步阐述。现有的关于设计研究中理论化的方法论阐述通常侧重于加强规定性猜想的论证语法。除此以外,本文认为,在处理所建议的论证语法之前,规定性理论要素需要生成分类、描述和解释性理论要素。本文以一项专业发展设计研究为例,说明了在提出和检验简明的规定性猜想之前,需要对分类和解释性理论要素进行大量的阐述工作。
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引用次数: 0
Play Types, Design Principles and Participation in Play 游戏类型、设计原则和参与游戏
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.15460/eder.7.1.1978
Jens-Ole Jensen, Hanne Hede Jørgensen, Anne-Lene Sand, Janne Hedegaard Hansen, Andreas Lieberoth, Helle Maria Skovbjerg
Many school-age children have difficulties participating in play and need support to find playmates, take the initiative and structure play. If children do not master these competencies, they risk ending up in a spiral in which they are not given the opportunity to practice playing and develop play competencies. The purpose of the present study is to investigate how design principles in three different play types can be formulated in order to support pedagogues (educators) in developing new play activities with significant potential for participation. In addition, how these design principles cover more general and generic principles are scrutinized. This paper is based on a three-year design-based research study in two Danish schools investigating three play types: creative play, role play and movement play. It also presents four design principles on each play type which were found to support the development of new play activities with inclusive potential. As a theoretical contribution, the design principles of each play type are meta-analysed with the goal of helping pedagogues generate play activities with different participation possibilities. The generic design principles are the essence of play, play practices, play materials and play opportunities for participation.
许多学龄儿童在参与游戏时会遇到困难,他们需要帮助才能找到玩伴、发挥主观能动性和组织游戏。如果儿童不能掌握这些能力,他们就有可能陷入没有机会练习游戏和发展游戏能力的漩涡。本研究的目的是调查如何制定三种不同游戏类型的设计原则,以支持教学者(教育者) 开发新的、有巨大参与潜力的游戏活动。此外,还仔细研究了这些设计原则如何涵盖更普遍和通用的原则。本文基于在两所丹麦学校开展的一项为期三年的以设计为基础的研究,调查了三种游戏 类型:创造性游戏、角色游戏和动作游戏。本文还介绍了每种游戏类型的四项设计原则,这些原则被认为有助于开发具有全纳潜能 的新游戏活动。作为一项理论贡献,对每种游戏类型的设计原则进行了元分析,目的是帮助教学人员创 造具有不同参与可能性的游戏活动。通用设计原则包括游戏本质、游戏实践、游戏材料和游戏参与机会。
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引用次数: 0
Design-Based Research (DBR) als Research Through Design (RTD) 基于设计的研究(DBR)和通过设计进行研究(RTD)
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.15460/eder.7.1.2089
G. Reinmann
Der Fokus des Beitrags liegt auf der Deutung von Design-Based Research (DBR) als eigenes Forschungsparadigma. Ich möchte zeigen, inwiefern DBR als Research Through Design (RTD) paradigmatischen Charakter hat und sich in dieser Form besonders für hochschuldidaktische Forschung eignet. Darauf aufbauend werde ich Qualitätsstandards vorschlagen, die spezifisch für DBR als RTD sind[1]. In meinem Vorgehen hin zu diesem Ziel spielt die designwissenschaftliche Forschung und deren Auseinandersetzung mit verschiedenen Formen des Forschens einschließlich Fragen der Qualität eine zentrale Rolle. Auch in den Designwissenschaften existieren verschiedene Vorstellungen davon, welche Rolle Design in der Forschung spielen kann; RTD ist hier ebenfalls nur eine davon. In Verbindung mit der Auffassung, dass das Lehren (an Hochschulen) als Design bzw. Entwurfshandeln verstanden werden kann, hat die designwissenschaftliche Debatte um RTD, so die diesem Text zugrundeliegende These, nicht nur analoge, sondern auch direkte Relevanz für DBR in der Hochschuldidaktik. Mit dem resultierenden Vorschlag spezifizierter Qualitätsstandards für DBR als RTD in der Hochschuldidaktik möchte ich dazu beitragen, DBR in der Hochschulbildungsforschung zu etablieren, Forschenden in diesem Bereich eine Orientierung zu geben und DBR für den Kontext Hochschullehre besser lehrbar zu machen.
本文的重点是将基于设计的研究(DBR)本身解释为一种研究范式。我想说明作为 "设计研究"(RTD)的 "基于设计的研究 "在多大程度上具有范式特征,而且这种形式特别适合高等教育教学研究。在此基础上,我将提出针对作为 RTD 的 DBR 的质量标准[1]。在我实现这一目标的过程中,设计科学研究及其与不同形式的研究(包括质量问题)之间的联系发挥着核心作用。在设计科学领域,关于设计在研究中的作用也有各种不同的观点,RTD 只是其中之一。与(大学)教学可以理解为设计或设计行动的观点相关联,根据本文的基本论点,设计科学关于 RTD 的辩论不仅与高等教育教学中的 DBR 类似,而且直接相关。通过为作为高等教育教学中 RTD 的 DBR 提出具体质量标准的建议,我希望为在高等教育研究中建立 DBR 做出贡献,为这一领域的研究人员提供指导,并使 DBR 在高等教育教学中更具可教性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
EDeR. Educational Design Research
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