Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549503
K. Ryan, S. Pruksaritanon, A. Reber, P. Aman, K. P. White, M. Smith, Sung Nam Hwang
At the University of Virginia (UVa) Hospital, medical residents and interns serve month-long rotations through different medical specialties. The competing considerations governing the annual assignment and scheduling of rotations are complex, including hospital staffing requirements, individual preferences for specialties and holidays, breadth of exposure, and externally imposed regulations on duty hours. In this paper, we describe the development of a fully-integrated software system that relieves the chief resident in internal medicine from the difficult and time-consuming task of manual schedule preparation. The system features online data collection, storage, and retrieval and incorporates Gurobi linear solver for optimal schedule generation. The system has been demonstrated to yield schedules that are at least as good as (and often superior to) those developed manually, at an annual savings of more than two-hundred hours of professional time. With minor customization, the system could be applied to hospitals across the country, potentially saving millions of dollars, improving the quality of both graduate medical education and overall patient care.
{"title":"Preference based scheduling for medical residents and interns at the University of Virginia","authors":"K. Ryan, S. Pruksaritanon, A. Reber, P. Aman, K. P. White, M. Smith, Sung Nam Hwang","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549503","url":null,"abstract":"At the University of Virginia (UVa) Hospital, medical residents and interns serve month-long rotations through different medical specialties. The competing considerations governing the annual assignment and scheduling of rotations are complex, including hospital staffing requirements, individual preferences for specialties and holidays, breadth of exposure, and externally imposed regulations on duty hours. In this paper, we describe the development of a fully-integrated software system that relieves the chief resident in internal medicine from the difficult and time-consuming task of manual schedule preparation. The system features online data collection, storage, and retrieval and incorporates Gurobi linear solver for optimal schedule generation. The system has been demonstrated to yield schedules that are at least as good as (and often superior to) those developed manually, at an annual savings of more than two-hundred hours of professional time. With minor customization, the system could be applied to hospitals across the country, potentially saving millions of dollars, improving the quality of both graduate medical education and overall patient care.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125090505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549491
Rehman Akhtar, Joost R. Santos
In today's society, infrastructure and economic systems have become more complex and highly coupled. Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, have the potential to cause physical disruptions to an infrastructure system (e.g., a damaged highway), which consequently affects workforce availability. Workforce disruptions in the aftermath of a hurricane can adversely impact regional economic productivity as workforce contributes significantly in the production of commodities and delivery of services. Furthermore, the recovery process is further exacerbated by the inherent interdependencies among economic sectors, which give rise to direct and indirect economic losses in the affected regional economy. This paper investigates the effects of reduced workforce levels on the production outputs of industry sectors in the aftermath of a hurricane. The risk-based framework in this research allows the decomposition of risk assessment and risk management processes to address risk-related questions pertaining to hurricane scenarios. This paper develops a workforce recovery model to assess workforce disruption scenarios in the aftermath of a hurricane. This is accomplished by accounting regional data and historical scenarios associated with the formulation of the workforce disruption model. The process includes translating workforce absenteeism into production losses, noting that workforce absenteeism can affect the quality and availability of products and services provided by the industry sectors. The extended methodology is capable of identifying critical workforce sectors on the basis of two metrics: (i) inoperability, which measures the “normalized loss” of each sector as a proportion of its total production output; and (ii) economic loss, which measures the monetary worth of the reduced production of an industry sector. The enhancements to the DIIM formulation are incorporated into a decision support tool and then applied to a case study to implement various hurricane scenarios for the Commonwealth of Virginia. The objective of the case study is to illustrate the impacts of different hurricane categories on Virginia's workforce availability and its cascading effects to the regional economy. Furthermore, the identification of such critical sectors supports the decision-making process by narrowing the focus on sectors that incur the greatest production losses due to workforce unavailability. Given the uncertainty involved in modeling the reductions in workforce availability, this research offers a risk-based framework that can guide the process of assessing and managing hurricane impacts on regional interdependent systems.
{"title":"Risk analysis of hurricane disruptions on workforce and interdependent regional sectors","authors":"Rehman Akhtar, Joost R. Santos","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549491","url":null,"abstract":"In today's society, infrastructure and economic systems have become more complex and highly coupled. Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, have the potential to cause physical disruptions to an infrastructure system (e.g., a damaged highway), which consequently affects workforce availability. Workforce disruptions in the aftermath of a hurricane can adversely impact regional economic productivity as workforce contributes significantly in the production of commodities and delivery of services. Furthermore, the recovery process is further exacerbated by the inherent interdependencies among economic sectors, which give rise to direct and indirect economic losses in the affected regional economy. This paper investigates the effects of reduced workforce levels on the production outputs of industry sectors in the aftermath of a hurricane. The risk-based framework in this research allows the decomposition of risk assessment and risk management processes to address risk-related questions pertaining to hurricane scenarios. This paper develops a workforce recovery model to assess workforce disruption scenarios in the aftermath of a hurricane. This is accomplished by accounting regional data and historical scenarios associated with the formulation of the workforce disruption model. The process includes translating workforce absenteeism into production losses, noting that workforce absenteeism can affect the quality and availability of products and services provided by the industry sectors. The extended methodology is capable of identifying critical workforce sectors on the basis of two metrics: (i) inoperability, which measures the “normalized loss” of each sector as a proportion of its total production output; and (ii) economic loss, which measures the monetary worth of the reduced production of an industry sector. The enhancements to the DIIM formulation are incorporated into a decision support tool and then applied to a case study to implement various hurricane scenarios for the Commonwealth of Virginia. The objective of the case study is to illustrate the impacts of different hurricane categories on Virginia's workforce availability and its cascading effects to the regional economy. Furthermore, the identification of such critical sectors supports the decision-making process by narrowing the focus on sectors that incur the greatest production losses due to workforce unavailability. Given the uncertainty involved in modeling the reductions in workforce availability, this research offers a risk-based framework that can guide the process of assessing and managing hurricane impacts on regional interdependent systems.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128218148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549516
S. AlMusallam, N. McGinness, F. Mello, J. Teav
The market of used and renovated parts offers quality components purchased for extending the life of heavy-duty trucks. Dex Truck Parts of Floyd, Virginia disassembles Class-8 (gross weight of ≥33000 lb.) trucks for salvaged parts and desires to expand the current operations as well as enter the business of parts renovation. Disassembly of heavy-duty trucks involves teardown to base components, and often down more to parts level. Renovation of parts involves inspection and, if needed, repair of fit, form, and function with the goal of extending their lifetime. This paper describes a thorough investigation of Dex's current methods, used to develop design recommendations that satisfy the need for efficient flows and high productivity. The recommendations included the base requirements necessary to satisfy the client's needs of 500 annual trucks disassembles and renovation of parts. The design process incorporated modeling and analysis of the disassembly and renovation work areas in the presence of uncertainty. Flexibility of the layout was important due to the uncertain conditions of incoming trucks. This paper provided Dex Truck Parts with the following results: (i) process map of renovation and precedence diagram of truck disassembly, (ii) layout of disassembly and renovation work areas, (iii) list of tools and material handling devices for both operations, and (iv) thorough evaluation of the final proposed design. These deliverables are provided to the client to facilitate the planned expansion of the business.
二手和翻新零件市场提供优质的部件，以延长重型卡车的使用寿命。Dex Truck Parts of Floyd, Virginia为回收零件拆卸8级(总重≥33000磅)卡车，并希望扩大现有业务并进入零件翻新业务。重型卡车的拆卸涉及到基本部件的拆卸，通常更深入到零件层面。零件的翻新包括检查，如果需要，还包括对配合、形状和功能的修复，目的是延长零件的使用寿命。本文描述了对Dex当前方法的彻底调查，用于开发满足高效流程和高生产率需求的设计建议。这些建议包括满足客户每年500辆卡车拆解和零件翻新的基本要求。设计过程中对存在不确定性的拆卸和改造工作区域进行了建模和分析。由于进站卡车的不确定条件，布局的灵活性非常重要。本文为Dex Truck Parts提供了以下结果:(1)改造流程图和卡车拆卸优先图，(2)拆卸和改造工作区域布局，(3)两种操作的工具和物料搬运设备清单，(4)对最终建议设计的全面评估。向客户提供这些可交付成果是为了促进计划中的业务扩展。
{"title":"Effective design and operation of disassembly and renovation work areas","authors":"S. AlMusallam, N. McGinness, F. Mello, J. Teav","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549516","url":null,"abstract":"The market of used and renovated parts offers quality components purchased for extending the life of heavy-duty trucks. Dex Truck Parts of Floyd, Virginia disassembles Class-8 (gross weight of ≥33000 lb.) trucks for salvaged parts and desires to expand the current operations as well as enter the business of parts renovation. Disassembly of heavy-duty trucks involves teardown to base components, and often down more to parts level. Renovation of parts involves inspection and, if needed, repair of fit, form, and function with the goal of extending their lifetime. This paper describes a thorough investigation of Dex's current methods, used to develop design recommendations that satisfy the need for efficient flows and high productivity. The recommendations included the base requirements necessary to satisfy the client's needs of 500 annual trucks disassembles and renovation of parts. The design process incorporated modeling and analysis of the disassembly and renovation work areas in the presence of uncertainty. Flexibility of the layout was important due to the uncertain conditions of incoming trucks. This paper provided Dex Truck Parts with the following results: (i) process map of renovation and precedence diagram of truck disassembly, (ii) layout of disassembly and renovation work areas, (iii) list of tools and material handling devices for both operations, and (iv) thorough evaluation of the final proposed design. These deliverables are provided to the client to facilitate the planned expansion of the business.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129015936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549509
M. S. Faughnan, B. J. Hourican, G. Macdonald, M. Srivastava, J. Wright, Y. Haimes, E. Andrijcic, Zhenyu Guo, J. White
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is in the process of integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into the National Airspace System (NAS) through the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). A critical component of integrating UAVs into the NAS is the timely identification and mitigation of cyber attacks that could overtake control of a UAV, without the UAV operator's knowledge of a security breach. In an effort to address this risk, this paper aims to achieve two objectives: (i) identify risks of cyber attacks on a UAV and (ii) create a methodology through which UAV operators are informed of such a security breach. The results of this study are intended to support the MITRE Corporation's efforts to identify and control risks associated with UAV integration into the NAS. To achieve the first objective the Capstone team utilized established risk assessment methodologies to identify risk scenarios and filter those scenarios into a manageable list. To achieve the second objective the team developed a methodology that measures the UAV velocity through two on-board systems and any significant difference in the two measures indicates a potential security breach. The team designed and performed an experiment using car movement to simulate UAV flight and performed statistical analysis on the results of the experiment. This contributed to a framework for determining a detection threshold for an alarm system to indicate a UAV may have been hijacked. The threshold accounts for a minimum difference between the two calculations of the velocity data and the duration of time in which this difference occurs, which can be calibrated to minimize Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. The recommendation to the MITRE Corporation will contribute to the ongoing efforts to securely integrate UAVs into the NAS.
{"title":"Risk analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle hijacking and methods of its detection","authors":"M. S. Faughnan, B. J. Hourican, G. Macdonald, M. Srivastava, J. Wright, Y. Haimes, E. Andrijcic, Zhenyu Guo, J. White","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549509","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is in the process of integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into the National Airspace System (NAS) through the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). A critical component of integrating UAVs into the NAS is the timely identification and mitigation of cyber attacks that could overtake control of a UAV, without the UAV operator's knowledge of a security breach. In an effort to address this risk, this paper aims to achieve two objectives: (i) identify risks of cyber attacks on a UAV and (ii) create a methodology through which UAV operators are informed of such a security breach. The results of this study are intended to support the MITRE Corporation's efforts to identify and control risks associated with UAV integration into the NAS. To achieve the first objective the Capstone team utilized established risk assessment methodologies to identify risk scenarios and filter those scenarios into a manageable list. To achieve the second objective the team developed a methodology that measures the UAV velocity through two on-board systems and any significant difference in the two measures indicates a potential security breach. The team designed and performed an experiment using car movement to simulate UAV flight and performed statistical analysis on the results of the experiment. This contributed to a framework for determining a detection threshold for an alarm system to indicate a UAV may have been hijacked. The threshold accounts for a minimum difference between the two calculations of the velocity data and the duration of time in which this difference occurs, which can be calibrated to minimize Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. The recommendation to the MITRE Corporation will contribute to the ongoing efforts to securely integrate UAVs into the NAS.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124555297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549508
A. El Haimar, J. Santos
Disasters such as influenza pandemics can disrupt the operations of interdependent infrastructure and economic sectors, and consequently lead to significant economic losses. The magnitude of such consequences depends on the type, size, and activity of the economic sector. Moreover, the magnitude of such consequences depends on the degree of interdependencies between the economic sectors. This paper presents a simulation and analysis of the impacts of such a disaster on the economic sectors in a given region. We introduce a stochastic simulation model based on the dynamic inoperability input-output model (DIIM) to model the cascading effects of a disruptive event in the U.S. National Capital Region (NCR). The analysis conducted in this work is based on the 2009 H1N1 pandemic data. Two metrics were used to assess the impacts of the influenza pandemic on sectors: (i) inoperability, which is a measure of the percentage gap between the as-planned output and the actual output, and (ii) economic loss, which is a measure of the monetary value of the degraded output. The inoperability and economic loss metrics generate two different rankings of the economic sectors. Findings show that most of the critical sectors in terms of inoperability are sectors that are related to hospitals and healthcare-related providers. On the other hand, most of the sectors that are critically ranked in terms of economic loss are sectors with significant production outputs in the NCR region such as federal government agencies. Therefore, policy recommendations relating to potential mitigation and recovery strategies should take into account the balance between the inoperability and economic loss metrics.
{"title":"Input-output modeling with stochastic extensions: An application to an influenza pandemic scenario","authors":"A. El Haimar, J. Santos","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549508","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters such as influenza pandemics can disrupt the operations of interdependent infrastructure and economic sectors, and consequently lead to significant economic losses. The magnitude of such consequences depends on the type, size, and activity of the economic sector. Moreover, the magnitude of such consequences depends on the degree of interdependencies between the economic sectors. This paper presents a simulation and analysis of the impacts of such a disaster on the economic sectors in a given region. We introduce a stochastic simulation model based on the dynamic inoperability input-output model (DIIM) to model the cascading effects of a disruptive event in the U.S. National Capital Region (NCR). The analysis conducted in this work is based on the 2009 H1N1 pandemic data. Two metrics were used to assess the impacts of the influenza pandemic on sectors: (i) inoperability, which is a measure of the percentage gap between the as-planned output and the actual output, and (ii) economic loss, which is a measure of the monetary value of the degraded output. The inoperability and economic loss metrics generate two different rankings of the economic sectors. Findings show that most of the critical sectors in terms of inoperability are sectors that are related to hospitals and healthcare-related providers. On the other hand, most of the sectors that are critically ranked in terms of economic loss are sectors with significant production outputs in the NCR region such as federal government agencies. Therefore, policy recommendations relating to potential mitigation and recovery strategies should take into account the balance between the inoperability and economic loss metrics.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126788232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549494
Bernardo K. Bittencourt, M. P. Cannabrava, T. K. Del Rosario, M. Hamilton, M. Kampmann, J. McGrath, B. B. Ribeiro, J. O. Gomes, J. Lambert
Floods and landslides have caused devastation and high mortality rates in favela populations in Brazil in recent years. Public agencies of Brazil have increased efforts to improve emergency management. This paper describes an effort using systems analysis and cognitive engineering to improve the design and implementation of mobile command centers for resilience of favela populations vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters in Rio de Janeiro. The effort is described in four parts: (i) Requirements analysis for emergency management with a focus on the populations of favelas, (ii) Exercises with favela populations for projecting future behaviors in emergencies, (iii) Testing of agency priorities for sensitivity to the behaviors of the distressed populations, (iv) Refinement of system designs for on-site disaster response and resilience. The results of the effort include: new systems engineering requirements related to the special needs of distressed populations in the favelas; insights to the various behaviors of children, teenagers, and adults related to the efficacy of emergency management initiatives; and refinements to the conceptual design of several technologies including mobile command and control platforms for disaster resilience. The lessons learned apply generally to situations where emergency management must address the needs and behaviors of vulnerable populations in the aftermath of disasters.
{"title":"Evaluating preparedness and resilience initiatives for distressed populations vulnerable to disasters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"Bernardo K. Bittencourt, M. P. Cannabrava, T. K. Del Rosario, M. Hamilton, M. Kampmann, J. McGrath, B. B. Ribeiro, J. O. Gomes, J. Lambert","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549494","url":null,"abstract":"Floods and landslides have caused devastation and high mortality rates in favela populations in Brazil in recent years. Public agencies of Brazil have increased efforts to improve emergency management. This paper describes an effort using systems analysis and cognitive engineering to improve the design and implementation of mobile command centers for resilience of favela populations vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters in Rio de Janeiro. The effort is described in four parts: (i) Requirements analysis for emergency management with a focus on the populations of favelas, (ii) Exercises with favela populations for projecting future behaviors in emergencies, (iii) Testing of agency priorities for sensitivity to the behaviors of the distressed populations, (iv) Refinement of system designs for on-site disaster response and resilience. The results of the effort include: new systems engineering requirements related to the special needs of distressed populations in the favelas; insights to the various behaviors of children, teenagers, and adults related to the efficacy of emergency management initiatives; and refinements to the conceptual design of several technologies including mobile command and control platforms for disaster resilience. The lessons learned apply generally to situations where emergency management must address the needs and behaviors of vulnerable populations in the aftermath of disasters.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116212754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549515
E. Demick, K. Luukkonen, S. Nonis, Y. Zhylenko
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for conducting gravity surveys which are used to measure the variations in the pull of gravity of the earth's surface. Gravity surveys are vital for the country's safety (e.g. creation of flood plain maps and evacuation routes) and the economy (e.g. used for detecting petroleum and natural gas). The current set of gravity measurements known as the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88') are outdated and lack complete coverage of the United States and its territories (e.g. Alaska has minimal data coverage). To improve accuracy, NOAA has begun a new survey, named GRAV-D, to combine existing ground (high definition) and satellite data (low definition) along with new aerial data (taken from aircraft) to establish the new datum. There is a complex logistical process in conducting the aerial surveys that are subject to large uncertainties due to weather, vehicle and personnel availability, and equipment failures. This paper describes the design of a logistics process to reduce the variation in the standard survey block from 24.59 to 15.11 days/survey. This is required to meet a Congressional mandate stipulating that the survey be completed by 2022. Analysis of factors affecting the completion of block surveys indicates high variability in aircraft maintenance, equipment repair, and weather related delays. Analysis using a decisionsupport tool designed to assist planners in managing the process by identifying elements that contribute to schedule risk, and advising mitigating strategies, indicates improved contingency planning through: (i) additional spares, (ii) additional support personnel, (iii) weather forecasting, and (iv) improved coordination among contractors would significantly reduce delays in the execution of the plans.
{"title":"Design to improve the productivity and execution of gravity surveys","authors":"E. Demick, K. Luukkonen, S. Nonis, Y. Zhylenko","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549515","url":null,"abstract":"The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for conducting gravity surveys which are used to measure the variations in the pull of gravity of the earth's surface. Gravity surveys are vital for the country's safety (e.g. creation of flood plain maps and evacuation routes) and the economy (e.g. used for detecting petroleum and natural gas). The current set of gravity measurements known as the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88') are outdated and lack complete coverage of the United States and its territories (e.g. Alaska has minimal data coverage). To improve accuracy, NOAA has begun a new survey, named GRAV-D, to combine existing ground (high definition) and satellite data (low definition) along with new aerial data (taken from aircraft) to establish the new datum. There is a complex logistical process in conducting the aerial surveys that are subject to large uncertainties due to weather, vehicle and personnel availability, and equipment failures. This paper describes the design of a logistics process to reduce the variation in the standard survey block from 24.59 to 15.11 days/survey. This is required to meet a Congressional mandate stipulating that the survey be completed by 2022. Analysis of factors affecting the completion of block surveys indicates high variability in aircraft maintenance, equipment repair, and weather related delays. Analysis using a decisionsupport tool designed to assist planners in managing the process by identifying elements that contribute to schedule risk, and advising mitigating strategies, indicates improved contingency planning through: (i) additional spares, (ii) additional support personnel, (iii) weather forecasting, and (iv) improved coordination among contractors would significantly reduce delays in the execution of the plans.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133565326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549514
Zohaib T. Mian, D. Mavris
Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies (MAST) is an Army Research Laboratory (ARL) sponsored project based on a consortium of revolutionary academic and industrial research institutions working together to develop new technologies in the field of microelectronics, autonomy, micromechanics, and integration. The overarching goal of the MAST consortium is to develop autonomous, multifunctional, and collaborative ensembles of microsystems to enhance small unit tactical situational awareness in urban and complex terrain, providing real-time intelligence at the squad level. Technologists are trying to understand the impacts of developing state-of-the-art technologies on the MAST systems while the operators are trying to define strategies and tactics on how to use these systems. These two different perspectives create an integration gap that not only results in a major requirements disconnect, representing the difference of perspectives between soldiers and the researchers, but also demonstrates the lack of quantified means to assess the technology metrics in terms of mission requirements. An multidisciplinary framework, built on a technical approach of simultaneous application of decomposition and re-composition approaches, is implemented to provide a structured and traceable method for quantifying mission effectiveness of MAST System of Microsystems (SoMs). An Interior Building Reconnaissance mission scenario, based on a physical test site at Joppa, MD, was analyzed using the framework. Results demonstrated minimum required technology metrics for reasonable mission level performance of SoMs. Comparison with current state of the art provided quantitative technology attribute gaps.
{"title":"Mission effectiveness quantification and assessment of Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies","authors":"Zohaib T. Mian, D. Mavris","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549514","url":null,"abstract":"Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies (MAST) is an Army Research Laboratory (ARL) sponsored project based on a consortium of revolutionary academic and industrial research institutions working together to develop new technologies in the field of microelectronics, autonomy, micromechanics, and integration. The overarching goal of the MAST consortium is to develop autonomous, multifunctional, and collaborative ensembles of microsystems to enhance small unit tactical situational awareness in urban and complex terrain, providing real-time intelligence at the squad level. Technologists are trying to understand the impacts of developing state-of-the-art technologies on the MAST systems while the operators are trying to define strategies and tactics on how to use these systems. These two different perspectives create an integration gap that not only results in a major requirements disconnect, representing the difference of perspectives between soldiers and the researchers, but also demonstrates the lack of quantified means to assess the technology metrics in terms of mission requirements. An multidisciplinary framework, built on a technical approach of simultaneous application of decomposition and re-composition approaches, is implemented to provide a structured and traceable method for quantifying mission effectiveness of MAST System of Microsystems (SoMs). An Interior Building Reconnaissance mission scenario, based on a physical test site at Joppa, MD, was analyzed using the framework. Results demonstrated minimum required technology metrics for reasonable mission level performance of SoMs. Comparison with current state of the art provided quantitative technology attribute gaps.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114822064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549498
Blair B. Anstaett, A. Coulson, D. Kerr, N. Park, M. Smith, K. P. White
The criminal justice system in the greater Albemarle-Charlottesville area faces a number of challenges common to many communities, including frequent overcrowding at the regional jail and data systems that obstruct analysis needed to identify causes of and remedies for overcrowding. The Community Criminal Justice Board (CCJB) would like to make evidence-based decisions, but doing so requires analysis that existing data systems do not support. Evidence-based decision making, enabled through the data integration effort described in this paper, can lead to a safer and more cost-effective criminal justice system in the Charlottesville community. This paper discusses several implementation issues within the Charlottesville justice system and the integration of extracts from existing databases into a single database that can support evidence-based decision making. The two major challenges in designing and implementing a functional analysis database are 1) lack of a universal identifier to track offenders throughout the criminal justice system and 2) absence of essential data fields necessary to answer important program related questions. The paper includes discussion of a detailed architecture of a proposed system through which data can be extracted from various databases associated with the Albemarle-Charlottesville criminal justice system. This will demonstrate how, with the use of a universal identifier, these data can be aggregated from the various databases and used for evidence-based decision making in the criminal justice system.
{"title":"Data integration in the Albemarle-Charlottesville Regional Jail: A systems engineering approach to support Evidence-based decision making","authors":"Blair B. Anstaett, A. Coulson, D. Kerr, N. Park, M. Smith, K. P. White","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549498","url":null,"abstract":"The criminal justice system in the greater Albemarle-Charlottesville area faces a number of challenges common to many communities, including frequent overcrowding at the regional jail and data systems that obstruct analysis needed to identify causes of and remedies for overcrowding. The Community Criminal Justice Board (CCJB) would like to make evidence-based decisions, but doing so requires analysis that existing data systems do not support. Evidence-based decision making, enabled through the data integration effort described in this paper, can lead to a safer and more cost-effective criminal justice system in the Charlottesville community. This paper discusses several implementation issues within the Charlottesville justice system and the integration of extracts from existing databases into a single database that can support evidence-based decision making. The two major challenges in designing and implementing a functional analysis database are 1) lack of a universal identifier to track offenders throughout the criminal justice system and 2) absence of essential data fields necessary to answer important program related questions. The paper includes discussion of a detailed architecture of a proposed system through which data can be extracted from various databases associated with the Albemarle-Charlottesville criminal justice system. This will demonstrate how, with the use of a universal identifier, these data can be aggregated from the various databases and used for evidence-based decision making in the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127196552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-26DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549506
T. G. Ellington, M. C. Foley, K. Wagner, S. Fowler, K. A. McKenna, J. K. Seal, S. Trivedi, Rui Zhang, D. R. Burt, S. Patek
Heart attacks are a significant cause of death in the United States. In the case of an S-T segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), there is a direct correlation between time to treatment and patient outcome; earlier treatment is superior. The transmission of pre-hospital ECG images allows earlier activation of the STEMI treatment process as a doctor can diagnosis a STEMI by examining the electrocardiogram (ECG) image before the patient is actually present at the treatment facility. Currently, EMS personnel use expensive proprietary systems to transmit the ECG images from EMS to the accepting center, but this is a costly solution. This paper describes the optimization and testing of an iPhone application (app) that transmits the ECG image via technology that is significantly less expensive than existing commercial systems. To date, testing has revealed that the current version of the app outperforms image transmission compared to emailed (large file size) photos. The next step is comparative testing against commercially available systems. The results from this comparative testing will provide quantitative evidence of the efficacy and reliability of this low cost innovation compared to a much more expensive proprietary system.
{"title":"Field testing of a smartphone application for the pre-hospital transmission of electrocardiogram images","authors":"T. G. Ellington, M. C. Foley, K. Wagner, S. Fowler, K. A. McKenna, J. K. Seal, S. Trivedi, Rui Zhang, D. R. Burt, S. Patek","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2013.6549506","url":null,"abstract":"Heart attacks are a significant cause of death in the United States. In the case of an S-T segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), there is a direct correlation between time to treatment and patient outcome; earlier treatment is superior. The transmission of pre-hospital ECG images allows earlier activation of the STEMI treatment process as a doctor can diagnosis a STEMI by examining the electrocardiogram (ECG) image before the patient is actually present at the treatment facility. Currently, EMS personnel use expensive proprietary systems to transmit the ECG images from EMS to the accepting center, but this is a costly solution. This paper describes the optimization and testing of an iPhone application (app) that transmits the ECG image via technology that is significantly less expensive than existing commercial systems. To date, testing has revealed that the current version of the app outperforms image transmission compared to emailed (large file size) photos. The next step is comparative testing against commercially available systems. The results from this comparative testing will provide quantitative evidence of the efficacy and reliability of this low cost innovation compared to a much more expensive proprietary system.","PeriodicalId":145808,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130224410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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