M. Javanian, Farzin Sadeghi, Kazem Aghajanipour, A. Hasanzadeh, M. Chehrazi, Y. Yahyapour
Background and Aim: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both transmitted by the fecal-oral route and are known as leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in the world, especially in developing countries. There is a lack of updated data on HAV and HEV seroprevalence in the north of Iran. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV among blood donors in Babol, Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2018 on 491 blood donors referred to the Babol Blood Transfusion Center. The serum samples were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean age of blood donors was 40.92 ± 9.86 years. An anti-HAV antibody was found in 385 (78.4%), and an anti-HEV antibody was detected in 8 (1.6%) blood donors. The seroprevalence of HAV was a significant correlation to age, marital and educational status ( P <0.001). But there was no significant correlation between anti-HEV and all of our study's information factors ( P >0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the incidence of HAV in the age group of <33 years is low, and the incidence of HEV has not changed compared to the past and HEV was lower than in other regions in Iran, and it needs more investigation in the north of Iran to obtain detailed information in anti-HEV seroprevalence. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis Viruses Among
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses Among Blood Donors in North of Iran","authors":"M. Javanian, Farzin Sadeghi, Kazem Aghajanipour, A. Hasanzadeh, M. Chehrazi, Y. Yahyapour","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.4.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.4.288","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both transmitted by the fecal-oral route and are known as leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in the world, especially in developing countries. There is a lack of updated data on HAV and HEV seroprevalence in the north of Iran. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV among blood donors in Babol, Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2018 on 491 blood donors referred to the Babol Blood Transfusion Center. The serum samples were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean age of blood donors was 40.92 ± 9.86 years. An anti-HAV antibody was found in 385 (78.4%), and an anti-HEV antibody was detected in 8 (1.6%) blood donors. The seroprevalence of HAV was a significant correlation to age, marital and educational status ( P <0.001). But there was no significant correlation between anti-HEV and all of our study's information factors ( P >0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the incidence of HAV in the age group of <33 years is low, and the incidence of HEV has not changed compared to the past and HEV was lower than in other regions in Iran, and it needs more investigation in the north of Iran to obtain detailed information in anti-HEV seroprevalence. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis Viruses Among","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43606266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Mahdi Majzobi, Pejman Karami, Amir Khodavirdipour, M. Alikhani
Background and Aim: As the most important human food source, milk and dairy products may lead to infectious diseases due to non-compliance with health standards. Brucellosis is one of the critical zoonotic diseases that affect the human population. Humans are usually infected by Brucella spp. via contaminated milk and dairy products and direct contact with infected animals. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to determine the Brucella spp. contamination rate of milk and dairy products in the rural and urban areas in the city of Hamadan, west of Iran, in 2018-2019. In this descriptive-analytical study, 291 samples of nonboiling milk (227), fresh cheese (43), and cream (21) were collected from dairy products suppliers in the urban (No=103), rural areas (No=162), and industrial regions (No=26). We collected 72 samples from sheep and goats and 219 specimens from cattle. Samples were randomly selected from the target centers. Results: The overall contamination rate of collected samples with Brucella spp. found to be 4.1%. The milk and dairy products contamination in urban areas was 0.9%, rural 6.6%, and industrial regions 0%. Furthermore, the contamination rate varied from 9.7% to 2.5% for small ruminants and large ruminants, respectively, which was significant ( P =0.01). Conclusion: Given the importance of dairy consumption in the human diet and higher contamination of milk and dairy products taken from cattle, sheep, and goats with Brucella species, it is recommended that control and prevention programs in sheep and goats must be taken more seriously.
{"title":"Brucellosis in Humans with the Approach of Brucella Species Contamination in Unpasteurized Milk and Dairy Products from Hamadan, Iran","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Majzobi, Pejman Karami, Amir Khodavirdipour, M. Alikhani","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.4.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.4.282","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: As the most important human food source, milk and dairy products may lead to infectious diseases due to non-compliance with health standards. Brucellosis is one of the critical zoonotic diseases that affect the human population. Humans are usually infected by Brucella spp. via contaminated milk and dairy products and direct contact with infected animals. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to determine the Brucella spp. contamination rate of milk and dairy products in the rural and urban areas in the city of Hamadan, west of Iran, in 2018-2019. In this descriptive-analytical study, 291 samples of nonboiling milk (227), fresh cheese (43), and cream (21) were collected from dairy products suppliers in the urban (No=103), rural areas (No=162), and industrial regions (No=26). We collected 72 samples from sheep and goats and 219 specimens from cattle. Samples were randomly selected from the target centers. Results: The overall contamination rate of collected samples with Brucella spp. found to be 4.1%. The milk and dairy products contamination in urban areas was 0.9%, rural 6.6%, and industrial regions 0%. Furthermore, the contamination rate varied from 9.7% to 2.5% for small ruminants and large ruminants, respectively, which was significant ( P =0.01). Conclusion: Given the importance of dairy consumption in the human diet and higher contamination of milk and dairy products taken from cattle, sheep, and goats with Brucella species, it is recommended that control and prevention programs in sheep and goats must be taken more seriously.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasrin Talkhi, Narges Akhavan Fatemi, M. Jabbari Nooghabi
Background and Aim: COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease, and it has affected people's daily life and has raised great concern for governments and public health officials. Forecasting its future behavior may be useful for allocating medical resources and defining effective strategies for disease control, etc. Materials and Methods: The collected data was the cumulative and the absolute number of confirmed, death, and recovered cases of COVID-19 from February 20 to July 03, 2021. We used hierarchical cluster analysis. To forecast the future behavior of COVID-19, the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Exponential Smoothing (ETS), Automatic Forecasting Procedure (Prophet), Naive, Seasonal Naive (s-Naive), boosted ARIMA, and boosted Prophet models were used. Results: The results of clustering showed a similar behavior of coronavirus in Iran and other countries such as France, Russia, Turkey, United Kingdom (UK), Argentina, Colombia, Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, Mexico, and Indonesia. It also revealed similar patterns of SARS-CoV-2 for the same countries in six groups. Results showed that XGBoost models' family had higher accuracy than other models. Conclusion: In Iran, COVID-19 showed similar behavior patterns compared to the studied developed countries. The family of XGBoost models showed practical results and high precision in forecasting behavior patterns of the virus. Concerning the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, these models can be used to forecast the behavior patterns of SARS-CoV-2. Preventing the spread of the coronavirus, controlling the disease, and breaking down its chain necessitates community assistance, and in this mission, the role of statisticians cannot be neglected.
{"title":"Revealing Behavior Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 using Clustering Analysis and XGBoost Error Forecasting Models","authors":"Nasrin Talkhi, Narges Akhavan Fatemi, M. Jabbari Nooghabi","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.221","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease, and it has affected people's daily life and has raised great concern for governments and public health officials. Forecasting its future behavior may be useful for allocating medical resources and defining effective strategies for disease control, etc. Materials and Methods: The collected data was the cumulative and the absolute number of confirmed, death, and recovered cases of COVID-19 from February 20 to July 03, 2021. We used hierarchical cluster analysis. To forecast the future behavior of COVID-19, the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Exponential Smoothing (ETS), Automatic Forecasting Procedure (Prophet), Naive, Seasonal Naive (s-Naive), boosted ARIMA, and boosted Prophet models were used. Results: The results of clustering showed a similar behavior of coronavirus in Iran and other countries such as France, Russia, Turkey, United Kingdom (UK), Argentina, Colombia, Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, Mexico, and Indonesia. It also revealed similar patterns of SARS-CoV-2 for the same countries in six groups. Results showed that XGBoost models' family had higher accuracy than other models. Conclusion: In Iran, COVID-19 showed similar behavior patterns compared to the studied developed countries. The family of XGBoost models showed practical results and high precision in forecasting behavior patterns of the virus. Concerning the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, these models can be used to forecast the behavior patterns of SARS-CoV-2. Preventing the spread of the coronavirus, controlling the disease, and breaking down its chain necessitates community assistance, and in this mission, the role of statisticians cannot be neglected.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bahareh Lashtoo Aghaee, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, W. V. van Leeuwen, A. Mojtahedi, Sima Kazemi, Pezhman Karami
Wound infections are the primary cause of sepsis in burn wound patients and increase burn-related morbidity and mortality. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria induce infections in burn wounds. Conventional antimicrobial therapy is recognized as the most successful therapeutic intervention to combat infections of burn wounds. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance could be catastrophic and lead to treatment failure. Burn wound infections need topical treatment. Phages as an alternative for antibiotics can be used as a monotherapy for infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens or can be applied in combination with antibiotic therapy. Phages are species-specific bacterial natural viruses. Worldwide, many phage-producing companies are emerging. However, not many countries implement phage therapy in their patient management. Clinical trials are needed to convince the health care system in those countries that do not have confidence in phage therapy in infectious diseases. This study reviewed several aspects of phage therapy in burn wound patients.
{"title":"Conventional Treatment of Burn Wound Infections versus Phage Therapy","authors":"Bahareh Lashtoo Aghaee, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, W. V. van Leeuwen, A. Mojtahedi, Sima Kazemi, Pezhman Karami","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.186","url":null,"abstract":"Wound infections are the primary cause of sepsis in burn wound patients and increase burn-related morbidity and mortality. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria induce infections in burn wounds. Conventional antimicrobial therapy is recognized as the most successful therapeutic intervention to combat infections of burn wounds. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance could be catastrophic and lead to treatment failure. Burn wound infections need topical treatment. Phages as an alternative for antibiotics can be used as a monotherapy for infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens or can be applied in combination with antibiotic therapy. Phages are species-specific bacterial natural viruses. Worldwide, many phage-producing companies are emerging. However, not many countries implement phage therapy in their patient management. Clinical trials are needed to convince the health care system in those countries that do not have confidence in phage therapy in infectious diseases. This study reviewed several aspects of phage therapy in burn wound patients.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43135581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naghmeh Mehrabifar, H. Staji, Morteza Keywanlou, M. S. Salimi Bejestani, Ehsan Gallehdar Kakhki
Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma spp. is an important arthropod-borne disease of various vertebrates with health concerns to humans. The present study aimed to investigate the detection and genotype of Anaplasma phagocytophilum using microscopic examination, real-time PCR technique, and phylogenetic analysis in dogs from Mashhad shelters, Khorasan-Razavi province. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 250 blood specimens were collected during routine health checkups from dogs in different shelters in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. First, smears were prepared from the blood specimens, stained with Giemsa, and examined under the light microscope for Anaplasma inclusions. Then, the genomic DNAs were extracted from buffy coats of blood specimens and screened by real-time PCR for the presence of Anaplasma infection by amplifying a 1400 bp sequence of 16S rRNA belonging to the Anaplasma genus. Finally, sequencing and BLAST analyses were carried out on the amplified fragments for the phylogenetic assessments in positive specimens. Results: A total of 9 dogs (3.60%), including 5 females (3.40%) and 4 males (3.88%) were found to be positive for Anaplasma infection in real-time PCR. Moreover, in blood smear observation, A. phagocytophilum morulae were detected in the neutrophils of 3 PCR positive animals. Conclusion: This study provides important data regarding A. phagocytophilum in dogs and the degree of genetic homology/heterogeneities among these pathogen strains from dogs and humans in Iran and other countries. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence on the infection of A. phagocytophilum in sheltered dogs of the region.
{"title":"Identification and Genotyping of Anaplasma phagocytophylum Strains with Zoonotic Potential in Dogs from Mashhad Shelters, Khorasan-Razavi Province, Iran","authors":"Naghmeh Mehrabifar, H. Staji, Morteza Keywanlou, M. S. Salimi Bejestani, Ehsan Gallehdar Kakhki","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.244","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma spp. is an important arthropod-borne disease of various vertebrates with health concerns to humans. The present study aimed to investigate the detection and genotype of Anaplasma phagocytophilum using microscopic examination, real-time PCR technique, and phylogenetic analysis in dogs from Mashhad shelters, Khorasan-Razavi province. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 250 blood specimens were collected during routine health checkups from dogs in different shelters in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. First, smears were prepared from the blood specimens, stained with Giemsa, and examined under the light microscope for Anaplasma inclusions. Then, the genomic DNAs were extracted from buffy coats of blood specimens and screened by real-time PCR for the presence of Anaplasma infection by amplifying a 1400 bp sequence of 16S rRNA belonging to the Anaplasma genus. Finally, sequencing and BLAST analyses were carried out on the amplified fragments for the phylogenetic assessments in positive specimens. Results: A total of 9 dogs (3.60%), including 5 females (3.40%) and 4 males (3.88%) were found to be positive for Anaplasma infection in real-time PCR. Moreover, in blood smear observation, A. phagocytophilum morulae were detected in the neutrophils of 3 PCR positive animals. Conclusion: This study provides important data regarding A. phagocytophilum in dogs and the degree of genetic homology/heterogeneities among these pathogen strains from dogs and humans in Iran and other countries. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence on the infection of A. phagocytophilum in sheltered dogs of the region.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44557534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kalantari, A. Hajizade, K. Issazadeh, M. Faezi Ghasemi
Background and Aim: Enterococcus faecalis is a major opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections in humans, especially in immunocompromised and elderly people. This bacterium can survive and grow in harsh conditions and low-nutrient environments, so it is usually found in water and can easily be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Due to the high usage of antibiotics, many antibiotic-resistant strains of E . faecalis have been evolved, especially vancomycin-resistant ones (VRE). Water-borne VRE is an environmental and health problem. Since the monitoring of recreational waters is so important in human health, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of VRE isolates and their antibiotics patterns in the environmental samples from recreational waters in Guilan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: The environmental samples were obtained from recreational waters in six cities in Guilan Province, North of Iran, 4 stations in Anzali wetland, and 5 main rivers entering Anzali wetland from January to September 2019. E . faecalis samples were identified by microscopic analysis, biochemical tests, and molecular identification. Antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates were determined by an antibiogram test. The molecular identification of the isolates was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers for the ddlE gene. Results: Overall, in 268 samples, Enterococci were detected in 154 samples (57.46%), of which 35 isolates (29.68%) were VRE. From VRE isolates 32 isolates (91.42%) belonged to E. faecalis , 2 isolates (5.71%) belonged to E. faecium, and one isolate (2.86%) belonged to other Enterococcus species. Conclusion: This study shows the high prevalence and antibiotic resistance rate of VRE strains of E . faecalis in water resources in Guilan province, which can be alarming and needs to be considered.
{"title":"A Study on the Prevalence of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Recreational Waters in Guilan Province, Iran","authors":"H. Kalantari, A. Hajizade, K. Issazadeh, M. Faezi Ghasemi","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.251","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Enterococcus faecalis is a major opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections in humans, especially in immunocompromised and elderly people. This bacterium can survive and grow in harsh conditions and low-nutrient environments, so it is usually found in water and can easily be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Due to the high usage of antibiotics, many antibiotic-resistant strains of E . faecalis have been evolved, especially vancomycin-resistant ones (VRE). Water-borne VRE is an environmental and health problem. Since the monitoring of recreational waters is so important in human health, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of VRE isolates and their antibiotics patterns in the environmental samples from recreational waters in Guilan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: The environmental samples were obtained from recreational waters in six cities in Guilan Province, North of Iran, 4 stations in Anzali wetland, and 5 main rivers entering Anzali wetland from January to September 2019. E . faecalis samples were identified by microscopic analysis, biochemical tests, and molecular identification. Antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates were determined by an antibiogram test. The molecular identification of the isolates was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers for the ddlE gene. Results: Overall, in 268 samples, Enterococci were detected in 154 samples (57.46%), of which 35 isolates (29.68%) were VRE. From VRE isolates 32 isolates (91.42%) belonged to E. faecalis , 2 isolates (5.71%) belonged to E. faecium, and one isolate (2.86%) belonged to other Enterococcus species. Conclusion: This study shows the high prevalence and antibiotic resistance rate of VRE strains of E . faecalis in water resources in Guilan province, which can be alarming and needs to be considered.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: AmpC-producing bacteria are a severe threat to treating infectious diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria. The actual prevalence of these bacteria is not clearly determined as there is no reliable diagnostic method available to detect them. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the frequency of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter species producing AmpC among clinical samples by phenotypic and molecular methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, 163 bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from different clinical samples in 2018 were examined. Suspected isolates of producing pAmpC were identified using cefoxitin disk (FOX) and disk diffusion method. Three confirmatory phenotypic methods were performed to identify pAmpC production, and blaDHA, blaFOX, blaMOX genes were searched using a molecular method for all bacteria. Specificity and sensitivity of phenotypic tests were obtained compared to the presence of blaDHAgene. Results: Of 163 bacteria, 80 (49.1%) isolates were resistant to FOX, and 21 (12.9%) carried the blaDHA gene. Among the bacteria carrying the gene, 5 (6%) isolates were sensitive to FOX. 49 (61.3%) FOX-resistance bacteria were positive in one of the chromosomal and/or plasmid phenotypic tests. The highest specificity and sensitivity were observed in the AmpC disk (90.8%) and CAM (42.7%) methods, respectively. Conclusion: It seems phenotypic methods are more successful in distinguishing true negatives (higher specificity). Also, sensitivity to cefoxitin is not a criterion for not producing the enzyme AmpC. For this reason, it is recommended that national monitoring be performed to identify the genes of AmpC producing bacteria.
{"title":"Prevalence Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter Species and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Clinical Specimens of Hospitals Affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran using Phenotypic and Molecular Methods","authors":"Z. Shahandeh, F. Sadighian, N. Kalantrai","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.212","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: AmpC-producing bacteria are a severe threat to treating infectious diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria. The actual prevalence of these bacteria is not clearly determined as there is no reliable diagnostic method available to detect them. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the frequency of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter species producing AmpC among clinical samples by phenotypic and molecular methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, 163 bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from different clinical samples in 2018 were examined. Suspected isolates of producing pAmpC were identified using cefoxitin disk (FOX) and disk diffusion method. Three confirmatory phenotypic methods were performed to identify pAmpC production, and blaDHA, blaFOX, blaMOX genes were searched using a molecular method for all bacteria. Specificity and sensitivity of phenotypic tests were obtained compared to the presence of blaDHAgene. Results: Of 163 bacteria, 80 (49.1%) isolates were resistant to FOX, and 21 (12.9%) carried the blaDHA gene. Among the bacteria carrying the gene, 5 (6%) isolates were sensitive to FOX. 49 (61.3%) FOX-resistance bacteria were positive in one of the chromosomal and/or plasmid phenotypic tests. The highest specificity and sensitivity were observed in the AmpC disk (90.8%) and CAM (42.7%) methods, respectively. Conclusion: It seems phenotypic methods are more successful in distinguishing true negatives (higher specificity). Also, sensitivity to cefoxitin is not a criterion for not producing the enzyme AmpC. For this reason, it is recommended that national monitoring be performed to identify the genes of AmpC producing bacteria.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48255701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karan Ramu, A. V., Ananya Rajagopal, R. Varyani, P. Kini, Prakash Kumar, S. Sabat
Background and Aim: Proteus bacteria, a key contributor to several gastrointestinal diseases, is known to survive in the wide pH range offered by different locations of the GI tract. The bacterial enzyme Choline TMA Lyase found in several opportunistic gut commensals catalyzes choline conversion to trimethylamine, a precursor of the pro-atherosclerotic metabolite trimethylamine N oxide. This study evaluates the pathogenic potential of Proteus gut bacteria in patients with coronary artery disease. We also sought to create a simple predictive model for assessing risk factors of coronary artery disease using a sample of Indian patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 14 patients with coronary artery disease and 6 controls. Optimal conditions were devised, and standardized protocols were followed to culture Proteus bacteria in vitro and isolate the protein of interest, Choline TMA Lyase. FTIR analysis and UV spectrophotometry were employed to quantify choline and trimethylamine N oxide levels, respectively. Finally, receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariate logistic regression established the predictive power of the entire model and trimethylamine N oxide. Results: The findings demonstrated an optimum activity of this protein and the bacterial growth in the pH range of 7.4 - 9. Quantitative analysis showed trimethylamine N oxide levels to be significantly higher in coronary artery disease patients (1.81 µM) than in controls (0.86 µM). Conclusion: Optimum activity in the alkaline condition indicates the strong pathological potential of Proteus bacteria in the progression of coronary artery disease. The prediction model can serve as a helpful tool within the medical community to assess the risk factors for coronary artery disease. et al. Influence of Proteus spp. on Trimethylamine N- Oxide production via the Choline Metabolism Pathway and the Formulation of a Predictive
{"title":"Influence of Proteus sp. on Trimethylamine N- Oxide production via the Choline Metabolism Pathway and the Formulation of a Predictive Model to Assess the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Indian Patients","authors":"Karan Ramu, A. V., Ananya Rajagopal, R. Varyani, P. Kini, Prakash Kumar, S. Sabat","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.233","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Proteus bacteria, a key contributor to several gastrointestinal diseases, is known to survive in the wide pH range offered by different locations of the GI tract. The bacterial enzyme Choline TMA Lyase found in several opportunistic gut commensals catalyzes choline conversion to trimethylamine, a precursor of the pro-atherosclerotic metabolite trimethylamine N oxide. This study evaluates the pathogenic potential of Proteus gut bacteria in patients with coronary artery disease. We also sought to create a simple predictive model for assessing risk factors of coronary artery disease using a sample of Indian patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 14 patients with coronary artery disease and 6 controls. Optimal conditions were devised, and standardized protocols were followed to culture Proteus bacteria in vitro and isolate the protein of interest, Choline TMA Lyase. FTIR analysis and UV spectrophotometry were employed to quantify choline and trimethylamine N oxide levels, respectively. Finally, receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariate logistic regression established the predictive power of the entire model and trimethylamine N oxide. Results: The findings demonstrated an optimum activity of this protein and the bacterial growth in the pH range of 7.4 - 9. Quantitative analysis showed trimethylamine N oxide levels to be significantly higher in coronary artery disease patients (1.81 µM) than in controls (0.86 µM). Conclusion: Optimum activity in the alkaline condition indicates the strong pathological potential of Proteus bacteria in the progression of coronary artery disease. The prediction model can serve as a helpful tool within the medical community to assess the risk factors for coronary artery disease. et al. Influence of Proteus spp. on Trimethylamine N- Oxide production via the Choline Metabolism Pathway and the Formulation of a Predictive","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48370671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections and is considered one of the most serious health threats worldwide. Several researchers have attempted to study and report this issue to find a solution. In this regard, the observation and monitoring of topic and conceptual priorities are thus crucial. This study aimed to identify and formulate the relationship among topic research priorities of A. baumannii to accurately understand the intellectual structure concerning A. baumannii . Materials and Methods: This scientometric study is quantitative and applied, conducted by using the co-word analysis technique. A total of 10,898 records indexed at the WOSCC were retrieved and analyzed during 2002-2021, and 102 keywords out of 12,060 keywords were selected for analysis. Following the vocabulary homogenization process, the threshold was determined, and UCINET 6.528.0.0 2017, NetDraw (2017), VOSviewer 1.6.14, and SPSS-16 software were used to analyze and preprocess the data and visualize the maps. Results: The keyword 'Multidrug Resistance (MDR)' was in first place among the most frequent keywords of A. baumannii articles. The main concepts of the documents published regarding A. baumannii were obtained using the hierarchical clustering with the Ward method (6 topic clusters). The largest cluster had 27 keywords and 680 links with a centrality of 25,185 and a density of 0.969. The distribution of clusters in the strategic diagram indicated that topic clusters were located in quadrants 1 and 3, including mature and central topics and emerging or marginal topics, respectively. Conclusion: Identifying and monitoring significant topics and conceptual priorities of the A. baumannii area with scientometric techniques is an appropriate tool for determining the intellectual structure of the A. baumannii area, leading optimal and efficient decisions in officials' research financial policy. the scientific position of the topic in the form of significant and frequent topic mapping co-occurrence in the co-occurrence matrix the role of a node in the co-word network, normalized weight matrix is considered as the edge weight in co-word graph
{"title":"A Scientometric Study of the Intellectual Structure of Researchers' Publications: Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"F. Danesh, Somayeh GhaviDel","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.197","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections and is considered one of the most serious health threats worldwide. Several researchers have attempted to study and report this issue to find a solution. In this regard, the observation and monitoring of topic and conceptual priorities are thus crucial. This study aimed to identify and formulate the relationship among topic research priorities of A. baumannii to accurately understand the intellectual structure concerning A. baumannii . Materials and Methods: This scientometric study is quantitative and applied, conducted by using the co-word analysis technique. A total of 10,898 records indexed at the WOSCC were retrieved and analyzed during 2002-2021, and 102 keywords out of 12,060 keywords were selected for analysis. Following the vocabulary homogenization process, the threshold was determined, and UCINET 6.528.0.0 2017, NetDraw (2017), VOSviewer 1.6.14, and SPSS-16 software were used to analyze and preprocess the data and visualize the maps. Results: The keyword 'Multidrug Resistance (MDR)' was in first place among the most frequent keywords of A. baumannii articles. The main concepts of the documents published regarding A. baumannii were obtained using the hierarchical clustering with the Ward method (6 topic clusters). The largest cluster had 27 keywords and 680 links with a centrality of 25,185 and a density of 0.969. The distribution of clusters in the strategic diagram indicated that topic clusters were located in quadrants 1 and 3, including mature and central topics and emerging or marginal topics, respectively. Conclusion: Identifying and monitoring significant topics and conceptual priorities of the A. baumannii area with scientometric techniques is an appropriate tool for determining the intellectual structure of the A. baumannii area, leading optimal and efficient decisions in officials' research financial policy. the scientific position of the topic in the form of significant and frequent topic mapping co-occurrence in the co-occurrence matrix the role of a node in the co-word network, normalized weight matrix is considered as the edge weight in co-word graph","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46081821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Babazadeh, J. Shokri-shirvani, Mohammad Ranaee
Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) is a helminth, which infects humans widely in tropical and subtropical countries. This parasitic infestation usually does not produce symptoms in humans;however, severe and life-threatening forms of this infection can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with concurrent immunosuppressive therapy are at risk of developing Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome (SHS). We present a 70-yearold male with a history of high-dose dexamethasone therapy due to severe COVID-19 who was referred to our hospital with chest discomfort, nausea, and anorexia. Histological assessment of the gastric and duodenal mucosae revealed numerous eggs and filariform larvae of S. stercoralis indicative of SHS. Ivermectin and albendazole were administered to the patient. Following the treatment, the patient's symptoms improved. Clinicians must be aware of the risk of SHS, especially in S. stercoralis endemic countries before and during corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19 because early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce mortality in these patients.
{"title":"Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome Following Corticosteroid Therapy in a Patient with COVID-19 infection: A Case Report","authors":"Sara Babazadeh, J. Shokri-shirvani, Mohammad Ranaee","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.3.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.3.267","url":null,"abstract":"Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) is a helminth, which infects humans widely in tropical and subtropical countries. This parasitic infestation usually does not produce symptoms in humans;however, severe and life-threatening forms of this infection can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with concurrent immunosuppressive therapy are at risk of developing Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome (SHS). We present a 70-yearold male with a history of high-dose dexamethasone therapy due to severe COVID-19 who was referred to our hospital with chest discomfort, nausea, and anorexia. Histological assessment of the gastric and duodenal mucosae revealed numerous eggs and filariform larvae of S. stercoralis indicative of SHS. Ivermectin and albendazole were administered to the patient. Following the treatment, the patient's symptoms improved. Clinicians must be aware of the risk of SHS, especially in S. stercoralis endemic countries before and during corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19 because early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce mortality in these patients.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47658707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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