Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.02
F. Ardestani, S. Shafiei
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known as the most widely used eukaryotic microorganism for biological studies. In present study, cell growth profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a batch submerged culture was evaluated with three different non-structured kinetic models. Fitness assessment of experimental data on cell growth by models was performed using the curve-fitting tool in Excel and Mat-lab software. Obtained results showed Verhulst kinetic model with R equal to 0.97 was the most 2
{"title":"Non-structured Kinetic Model for the Cell Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Batch Culture","authors":"F. Ardestani, S. Shafiei","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known as the most widely used eukaryotic microorganism for biological studies. In present study, cell growth profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a batch submerged culture was evaluated with three different non-structured kinetic models. Fitness assessment of experimental data on cell growth by models was performed using the curve-fitting tool in Excel and Mat-lab software. Obtained results showed Verhulst kinetic model with R equal to 0.97 was the most 2","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"35 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83108131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.03
M. Abid, K. Karimov, H. Wajid
This paper presents results of design, analysis, manufacturing and testing of a spiral horizontal axis wind turbine. In first step, modeling and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed. Helix blades angle for spiral rotors of outer and inner diameter of 0.85 and 0.45m, respectively was optimized. In the second step, as per optimized spiral rotor dimensions, a prototype was manufactured. Experiments were carried out for torque and power calculations; obtained results are discussed.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Spiral Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine","authors":"M. Abid, K. Karimov, H. Wajid","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results of design, analysis, manufacturing and testing of a spiral horizontal axis wind turbine. In first step, modeling and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed. Helix blades angle for spiral rotors of outer and inner diameter of 0.85 and 0.45m, respectively was optimized. In the second step, as per optimized spiral rotor dimensions, a prototype was manufactured. Experiments were carried out for torque and power calculations; obtained results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76216632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.11
Sheila M. Zakiya, S. Roces, N. Dugos, M. Promentilla, M. Shioji
In this study, waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) and diesel were blended in 20, 40, 60 and 80% percentage volume basis. Biodiesel and the blends were tested in 4-cylinders, 4-strokes and direct injection diesel engine to investigate the emissions and performance at engine speeds of 600-3000 rpm under idle and full load. The result was compared to the data of petroleum diesel. The experimental data showed that the emissions of biodiesel and blends were much lower than B100. In comparison, the emission of biodiesel was more than 50% lower than B100. The average reductions were 76.19% for smoke opacity; and 97.62, 90.36 and 98.69% for brake specific emission factors of BS-HC, BS- CO and BS-SO , respectively. The engine 2 performances were also observed. Results showed that when WCOME were used both BHP and BMEP showed slight reductions about 8.63% compared to diesel. However, higher fuel consumption, had been indicated by the BSFC. The BSFCs of B100 were recorded to be 9.45% higher than biodiesel. The Highest BTEs were also recorded at a maximum average percentage of 19.93%.
{"title":"Emissions and Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil Methyl Ester Diesel Blends","authors":"Sheila M. Zakiya, S. Roces, N. Dugos, M. Promentilla, M. Shioji","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2014.05.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) and diesel were blended in 20, 40, 60 and 80% percentage volume basis. Biodiesel and the blends were tested in 4-cylinders, 4-strokes and direct injection diesel engine to investigate the emissions and performance at engine speeds of 600-3000 rpm under idle and full load. The result was compared to the data of petroleum diesel. The experimental data showed that the emissions of biodiesel and blends were much lower than B100. In comparison, the emission of biodiesel was more than 50% lower than B100. The average reductions were 76.19% for smoke opacity; and 97.62, 90.36 and 98.69% for brake specific emission factors of BS-HC, BS- CO and BS-SO , respectively. The engine 2 performances were also observed. Results showed that when WCOME were used both BHP and BMEP showed slight reductions about 8.63% compared to diesel. However, higher fuel consumption, had been indicated by the BSFC. The BSFCs of B100 were recorded to be 9.45% higher than biodiesel. The Highest BTEs were also recorded at a maximum average percentage of 19.93%.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80461477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2013.04.04.14
Z. Yousefi, H. Ziaei
Although medical wastewaters are considered as hazardous, little attention is paid to their proper management and disposal. This study conducted on two typical educational hospitals with 300 and 220 beds capacity for parasite cysts and Ova reduction by the hospital wastewater treatment plants. Samples were collected from influents and effluents of the treatment systems by grab and composite methods. Three samples were taken per week in three months by Bailenger method with concentration-flotation on 33 percent zinc sulphate was applied. Slide was prepared and observed under a microscope. Cyst count was done by Mac Master Slide. The average parasites in influent and effluent samples of Imam Hospital was 8.53 and 13.83 per liter, respectively. The Nematode larva with the highest number of 4.78 per liter from the influent and Oocyst with 7.81 per liter of the effluent of the system were determined. Similarly, in Boali Hospital the Nematode larva in influent and Oocyst in effluent were 9.06 and 10.97 per liter, respectively. Nematode larva with 5.97 and of Entamoeba histolytica with 4.12 ranked the highest number. Presence of Nematode in the wastewater influent in both hospitals under study did not match the Engelberg Guideline (less than one per liter).
{"title":"Elimination of Nematode Cysts and Ova from Hospital Sewage by Activated Sludge Process","authors":"Z. Yousefi, H. Ziaei","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2013.04.04.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2013.04.04.14","url":null,"abstract":"Although medical wastewaters are considered as hazardous, little attention is paid to their proper management and disposal. This study conducted on two typical educational hospitals with 300 and 220 beds capacity for parasite cysts and Ova reduction by the hospital wastewater treatment plants. Samples were collected from influents and effluents of the treatment systems by grab and composite methods. Three samples were taken per week in three months by Bailenger method with concentration-flotation on 33 percent zinc sulphate was applied. Slide was prepared and observed under a microscope. Cyst count was done by Mac Master Slide. The average parasites in influent and effluent samples of Imam Hospital was 8.53 and 13.83 per liter, respectively. The Nematode larva with the highest number of 4.78 per liter from the influent and Oocyst with 7.81 per liter of the effluent of the system were determined. Similarly, in Boali Hospital the Nematode larva in influent and Oocyst in effluent were 9.06 and 10.97 per liter, respectively. Nematode larva with 5.97 and of Entamoeba histolytica with 4.12 ranked the highest number. Presence of Nematode in the wastewater influent in both hospitals under study did not match the Engelberg Guideline (less than one per liter).","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88664498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.02
M. Rezaei, S. K. Chaharsooghi, Payam Abbaszadeh
A series of various factors such as limitation of fossil fuel resources, negative impacts on environment, fossil fuels prices, political disputes and their effects on supplying sustainable energy are among the reasons which have made many politicians, energy and environment experts move toward the development of a modern structure to secure supply of energy, environment protection and efficiency improvement of energy systems. Hence, most countries have begun to realize that the need for sustainability in energy production and consumption is significantly vital. Therefore, tracking the progress of sustainability is essential. The aim of this paper is to present a set of indicators for Iran, based on the Helio International Sustainable Energy Watch (SEW) indicators, that shows how to track progress toward sustainability in the energy sector. Due to SEW framework, Iran is the closest to sustainability target based on indicators for access to electricity. Iran performs worst on the indicators for CO emissions and energy intensity. Iranian's private sectors had already signed 2 contracts to build plants (more than 600 MW) based on biomass systems and newly developed wind energy (500 MW). Based on Iran Renewable Energy Organization (SUNA) remarks the private sector has submitted a proposal for generating 3000 MW. The objective of present work is to highlight fundamental challenges about the development of renewable energy and policy framework requirements for achievements of sustainable energy in Iran.
{"title":"The Role of Renewable Energies in Sustainable Development: Case Study Iran","authors":"M. Rezaei, S. K. Chaharsooghi, Payam Abbaszadeh","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"A series of various factors such as limitation of fossil fuel resources, negative impacts on environment, fossil fuels prices, political disputes and their effects on supplying sustainable energy are among the reasons which have made many politicians, energy and environment experts move toward the development of a modern structure to secure supply of energy, environment protection and efficiency improvement of energy systems. Hence, most countries have begun to realize that the need for sustainability in energy production and consumption is significantly vital. Therefore, tracking the progress of sustainability is essential. The aim of this paper is to present a set of indicators for Iran, based on the Helio International Sustainable Energy Watch (SEW) indicators, that shows how to track progress toward sustainability in the energy sector. Due to SEW framework, Iran is the closest to sustainability target based on indicators for access to electricity. Iran performs worst on the indicators for CO emissions and energy intensity. Iranian's private sectors had already signed 2 contracts to build plants (more than 600 MW) based on biomass systems and newly developed wind energy (500 MW). Based on Iran Renewable Energy Organization (SUNA) remarks the private sector has submitted a proposal for generating 3000 MW. The objective of present work is to highlight fundamental challenges about the development of renewable energy and policy framework requirements for achievements of sustainable energy in Iran.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75908352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.01
P. Prasertsan, S. O-thong
The effect of alkaline and acid pretreatment on solubilization of solid organic matter in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and hydrogen production by Thermoanaerobacterium-rich sludge was studied. Organic matter solubilization of alkaline and acid pretreatments were increased up to 28 and 15.7% of initial soluble COD in POME, respectively. That corresponds to carbohydrate solubilization of 41 and 32% of initial soluble carbohydrate in POME, respectively. A maximum hydrogen production yield of 4.6 l H /l-POME was achieved 2 from POME pretreated with 1.5% w/v NaOH, which was 3-fold greater than raw POME and 1-fold greater than POME pretreated with 1.5% w/v HCl. Optimum conditions for biohydrogen production from alkaline pretreated POME using Thermoanaerobacterium-rich sludge was found at initial pH 5.5 and temperature of 60°C, which gives a maximum hydrogen production yield of 5.2 l H /l-POME and increased 51% as compared to raw POME. 2 The biogas was mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon dioxide with the percentage of hydrogen ranging from 55-60% of biogas and free of methane. During the conversion of alkaline pretreated POME into hydrogen, the acetic and butyric acids were main by-products in the metabolism. The results showed that alkaline pretreatment is an effective pretreatment methods for enhancing the hydrogen production yield from POME. The use of Thermoanaerobacterium-rich sludge is promising for future engineering practice of biohydrogen production from alkaline pretreated POME.
研究了碱预处理和酸预处理对棕榈油厂废液中固体有机物的增溶作用及富热厌氧菌污泥产氢的影响。碱性和酸性预处理的有机物增溶率分别达到初始可溶性COD的28%和15.7%。这相当于POME中初始可溶性碳水化合物的41%和32%的碳水化合物的增溶。1.5% w/v NaOH预处理的POME产氢率最高可达4.6 l H /l-POME，是原料POME的3倍，是1.5% w/v HCl预处理的1倍。在初始pH为5.5、温度为60°C的条件下，富热厌氧菌污泥对碱性预处理POME进行生物制氢的最佳条件，最大产氢量为5.2 l H /l-POME，比原始POME提高51%。2 .沼气主要由氢气和二氧化碳组成，氢气占沼气的比例为55-60%，不含甲烷。在碱性预处理后的POME制氢过程中，乙酸和丁酸是代谢的主要副产物。结果表明，碱性预处理是提高POME产氢率的有效预处理方法。富热厌氧菌污泥的利用为碱预处理POME生物制氢的工程实践提供了良好的前景。
{"title":"Biohydrogen Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Pretreated by Chemical Methods Using Thermoanaerobacterium-Rich Sludge","authors":"P. Prasertsan, S. O-thong","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of alkaline and acid pretreatment on solubilization of solid organic matter in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and hydrogen production by Thermoanaerobacterium-rich sludge was studied. Organic matter solubilization of alkaline and acid pretreatments were increased up to 28 and 15.7% of initial soluble COD in POME, respectively. That corresponds to carbohydrate solubilization of 41 and 32% of initial soluble carbohydrate in POME, respectively. A maximum hydrogen production yield of 4.6 l H /l-POME was achieved 2 from POME pretreated with 1.5% w/v NaOH, which was 3-fold greater than raw POME and 1-fold greater than POME pretreated with 1.5% w/v HCl. Optimum conditions for biohydrogen production from alkaline pretreated POME using Thermoanaerobacterium-rich sludge was found at initial pH 5.5 and temperature of 60°C, which gives a maximum hydrogen production yield of 5.2 l H /l-POME and increased 51% as compared to raw POME. 2 The biogas was mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon dioxide with the percentage of hydrogen ranging from 55-60% of biogas and free of methane. During the conversion of alkaline pretreated POME into hydrogen, the acetic and butyric acids were main by-products in the metabolism. The results showed that alkaline pretreatment is an effective pretreatment methods for enhancing the hydrogen production yield from POME. The use of Thermoanaerobacterium-rich sludge is promising for future engineering practice of biohydrogen production from alkaline pretreated POME.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84952915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.11
M. Moraveji
Having accurate values of the parameters which mainly govern the industrial processes in hand is the key aspect to handle the process and optimize it. To deal with this challenge, some mathematical models have been developed and modified to be epidemic. This Study aims to present the simulation of gas-solid flow in fluidized bed dryer. Numerical solution of two-dimensional, axis-symmetrical cylindrical model for both phases is the very base on which this study is conducted. Some of the versatile parameters like inlet gas velocity and temperature, diameter and density of particles during drying process went under magnification and also challenges of heat transfer along the bed are investigated and discussed in detail. Solid temperatures in the center and on the surface which are greatly affected by time as well as results of the study are shown. At the end, model outputs are compared with experimental data which shows reasonable agreement and good match.
{"title":"Investigation of Some Effective Parameters on the Fluidized Bed Grain Dryers","authors":"M. Moraveji","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.11","url":null,"abstract":"Having accurate values of the parameters which mainly govern the industrial processes in hand is the key aspect to handle the process and optimize it. To deal with this challenge, some mathematical models have been developed and modified to be epidemic. This Study aims to present the simulation of gas-solid flow in fluidized bed dryer. Numerical solution of two-dimensional, axis-symmetrical cylindrical model for both phases is the very base on which this study is conducted. Some of the versatile parameters like inlet gas velocity and temperature, diameter and density of particles during drying process went under magnification and also challenges of heat transfer along the bed are investigated and discussed in detail. Solid temperatures in the center and on the surface which are greatly affected by time as well as results of the study are shown. At the end, model outputs are compared with experimental data which shows reasonable agreement and good match.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86818368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.03
F. Ardestani
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent, as a secondary metabolite of Penicillium brevicompactum. Parameter optimization of culture composition using Test plan L16, available in the form of an orthogonal array and software for automatic design and analysis of the experiments, both based on Taguchi approach was performed in MAP production process by Penicillium brevicompactum ATCC 16024 in a batch submerged culture. Optimal levels of key parameters including glucose, enzymaticaly hydrolyzed casein, methionine and glycine concentrations were determined. Optimum glucose, enzymaticaly hydrolyzed casein, methionine and glycine concentrations were obtained 80, 25, 1.2 and 20 g. L , respectively. 1 Theoretically expected and also experimentally actual obtained mycophenolic acid concentrations under the optimal conditions were 2.025 and 1.995 g. L , respectively with a good consistency as 98.5%. Analysis 1 showed the glucose concentration was found to be the most significant factor as well as glycine concentration was the less important factor on MPA production in the investigated process.
{"title":"Production of Mycophenolic Acid by Penicillium brevicompactum in a Submerged Batch Culture: Optimization of Culture Conditions Using Taguchi Approach","authors":"F. Ardestani","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent, as a secondary metabolite of Penicillium brevicompactum. Parameter optimization of culture composition using Test plan L16, available in the form of an orthogonal array and software for automatic design and analysis of the experiments, both based on Taguchi approach was performed in MAP production process by Penicillium brevicompactum ATCC 16024 in a batch submerged culture. Optimal levels of key parameters including glucose, enzymaticaly hydrolyzed casein, methionine and glycine concentrations were determined. Optimum glucose, enzymaticaly hydrolyzed casein, methionine and glycine concentrations were obtained 80, 25, 1.2 and 20 g. L , respectively. 1 Theoretically expected and also experimentally actual obtained mycophenolic acid concentrations under the optimal conditions were 2.025 and 1.995 g. L , respectively with a good consistency as 98.5%. Analysis 1 showed the glucose concentration was found to be the most significant factor as well as glycine concentration was the less important factor on MPA production in the investigated process.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80322701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.10
V. Madhavi, G. Madhavi
Nanotechnology is gaining tremendous impulsion in the present century due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize. They exhibit a high surface/volume ratio leading to different properties far different from those of the bulk materials. The development of uniform nanoparticles has been intensively pursued because of their technological and fundamental scienti?c importance. The use of iron-based technologies is a rapidly developing field, with a range of techniques proposed which make use of iron as a reductant, or as a sorbent, which have been tested at various scales of application. In this study the iron based materials were synthesized by precipitation method and characterized with SEM equipped with EDS, UV-VIS, FT-IR, Raman, particle size determination and Zeta potential.
{"title":"Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Iron Based Micro and Nanoparticles","authors":"V. Madhavi, G. Madhavi","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is gaining tremendous impulsion in the present century due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize. They exhibit a high surface/volume ratio leading to different properties far different from those of the bulk materials. The development of uniform nanoparticles has been intensively pursued because of their technological and fundamental scienti?c importance. The use of iron-based technologies is a rapidly developing field, with a range of techniques proposed which make use of iron as a reductant, or as a sorbent, which have been tested at various scales of application. In this study the iron based materials were synthesized by precipitation method and characterized with SEM equipped with EDS, UV-VIS, FT-IR, Raman, particle size determination and Zeta potential.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73311514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.06
V. Nimje, Yogita P. Labrath, V. Gaikar
A single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) was operated with distillery spent wash (DSW) wastewater and microorganisms in cow-dung as inoculum source from pH 4 to 9. MFC signifies maximum current in the sequence of pH 6 (0.46 mA) > pH 7 (0.4 mA) > pH 8-9 (0.16-0.19 mA); whereas the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed in order of pH 8-9 (80-81%) > pH 7 (79%) > pH 6 (68%). The losses in coulombic yield were due to alternating electron acceptors and air diffusion through the reactor. The polarization curve yielded the maximum current density of 84 mA/m and maximum power density of 29 mW/m at an external resistance 22 of 820 (pH 6). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated 3-electron transfer process with best electrochemical responses at pH 6 and 7. The MFC at desired operating conditions showed a positive response for bioelectricity generation.
{"title":"Development of Microbial Fuel Cell Using Distillery Spent Wash: Evaluation of Current Generation and COD Removal with Respect to pH","authors":"V. Nimje, Yogita P. Labrath, V. Gaikar","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2013.04.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"A single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) was operated with distillery spent wash (DSW) wastewater and microorganisms in cow-dung as inoculum source from pH 4 to 9. MFC signifies maximum current in the sequence of pH 6 (0.46 mA) > pH 7 (0.4 mA) > pH 8-9 (0.16-0.19 mA); whereas the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed in order of pH 8-9 (80-81%) > pH 7 (79%) > pH 6 (68%). The losses in coulombic yield were due to alternating electron acceptors and air diffusion through the reactor. The polarization curve yielded the maximum current density of 84 mA/m and maximum power density of 29 mW/m at an external resistance 22 of 820 (pH 6). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated 3-electron transfer process with best electrochemical responses at pH 6 and 7. The MFC at desired operating conditions showed a positive response for bioelectricity generation.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91065730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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