iranica journal of energy and environment最新文献

{"title":"Production of Biodiesel from a mixture of Karanja and Linseed oils: Optimization of process parameters","authors":"S. Mohite, Sudhir Kumar, S. Maji, A. Pal","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel production Oil mixture Process yield Transesterification reaction A B S T R A C T Karanja and linseed are the potential non-edible oil crops which can be used for the biodiesel production. The main objective of this study is to find out the feasibility of using a mixture of karanja oil and linseed oil to produce biodiesel. Karanja oil has high amount of free fatty acid in it and linseed oil has low amount of free fatty acid content. Karanja biodiesel is produced by two step esterification/transesterification process which is costly, health hazardous & corrosive due to use of concentrated acids. Linseed biodiesel can be produced by alkali-base transesterfication which is much faster and gives higher yield than acid-base transesterification. A production method is developed to produce biodiesel from the mixture of karanja and linseed oil which is faster, safer and non-corrosive. The yields in the range of 68.2 to 78.9% have been achieved with varying different parameters like molar ratio, stirring time, mixture ratio and amount of catalyst. Optimum parameters are also established to achieve maximum biodiesel yield from the transesterification of a mixture of linseed and karanja oils.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"21 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83265898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Effective Operational Cycle Time and Bioprocess Parameters in a Sequential Batch Reactor for Efficient Organic and Nutrient Removal from Domestic Sewage","authors":"Sandip Magdum, S. Varigala, Yogesh N. Patil, Gauri Minde, J. Bornare, V. Kalyanraman","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"Cycle time Organic Loading rate Nitrogen removal Phosphate removal Wastewater treatment sequential batch reactor A B S T R A C T Anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic environment can be simulated in the single stage sequential batch reactor (SBR) . Various design conditions viz., combinations of different phase time and different cycle time, hydraulic residence time (HRT), substrate loading rate, sludge age (SRT) and aeration time were analyzed for optimum biological treatment. The pilot runs were evaluated with the design conditions of food/microbe ratio (F/M) 0.2 per day and MLSS of 4950 mg/L. For the given design conditions 4, 5 and 6 hours cycle lengths were analyzed for their efficient performance with 30-33% of decant volume for sewage containing C:N:P of 100:8:2. Studies on 4 hours cycle resulted in the maximum overall organic and nutrient removal efficiency at SRT of 26 days and HRT of 12 hours. Efficient sequencing of reactions with respect to the simulated biological conditions in the pilot plant studies resulted in better oxygen recovery and low power consumption. Also, the enforced biological selector phase condition resulted in high microbial reaction rates for organic and nutrient removal. The removal efficiencies with 4 hours cycle time of COD, nitrogen (NH4–N) and phosphate (PO4–P) were 90, 92 and 78%, respectively. This study offers a potential option of low HRT nutrient removal SBR process.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"23 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82923639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and emission characteristic of distilled technical cashew nut shell liquid stabilized triglyceride biofuel.","authors":"S. Sanjeeva, C. Nair, Gopalakrishna Mangalore Kini, P. Subbarao, S. Ramamoorthy, C. Barrow, P. K. Pullela","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel Cashew nut shell oil Diesel fuel additive Jatropha Diesel engine Tallow oil Triglycerides A B S T R A C T Crops such as Jatropha and Pongamia are being grown exclusively for biofuel production. An alternative approach is to grow a food crop and use the waste material for biofuel. Distilled technical cashew nut shell liquid (DT-CNSL) can be used as a non-transesterified biofuel and can also act as an additive to enable vegetable oil triglycerides to be used directly with diesel. In this study we evaluate the emission and performance characteristics of blends of vegetable and tallow oils stabilized in diesel with DT-CNSL. It was found, DT-CNSL can be used as an excellent biofuel additive. Triglycerides is directly blended with diesel in the presence of DT-CNSL and then used in conventional diesel engines. DT-CNSL blends of diesel obey emission and performance parameters of diesel. DT-CNSL offers stability to blends of tallow oil in diesel and the saturated nature of triglycerides seems to be not an issue and there is no formation of precipitates or solidification at 10 o C. This publication demonstrates the use of both tallow oil and plant oils as direct blends of diesel without transesterification in the presence of DT-CNSL.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"248 1","pages":"282-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85180391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Pollution in Sidi M'Hamed Benali Lake (Algeria) Based on Bioindicators and Physicochemical Parameters","authors":"Naima El Badaoui, Youcef Amar, C. Joaquim-Justo, B. Djahed, H. Ammar, R. Benosman, J. Thomé","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2015.06.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2015.06.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T This study was carried out to investigate the degree, the nature and the origin of pollution in Sidi M’hamed Benali Lake using the physicochemical parameters, saprobic index and cladocerans. For this purpose, water and zooplankton sampling was collected from six sites in lake during five seasons. The average seasonal values of physicochemical parameters showed that the lake undergoes a slight anthropogenic and natural pollution in the dry and wet periods. Presence of certain toxic substances (CN , Cr, Ni) require us to be more careful in irrigation, bathe and the consumption of fishes of that reservoir. Overall, oligo-mesosaprobic to beta-mesosaprobic rotifers have been prevailing in all five seasons indicating that the water was slightly or moderate polluted. The presence of Bosmina longirostris, Daphnia longispina, Daphnia cuculata, Daphnia ambiga and Sididae diaphonosoma brachyrum indicate bacterial contamination with the intense development of the phytoplankton in the lake, especially in springs and summer. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between all of the physicochemical parameters. However, it revealed no significant correlation between zooplanktons occurrence and the majority environmental variables values. In present investigation, the Lake water is relatively little exposed to pollution and does not undergo strong organic pollution. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.04.09","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80761324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of biodiesel blend on exhaust emission and engine performance of diesel dual fuel engine.","authors":"R. Mohsin, Z. A. Majid, A. H. Shihnan, N. S. Nasri, Z. Sharer","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, four main types of fuel such as pure Diesel, Biodiesel, Diesel Dual Fuel (DDF), and Biodiesel with DDF were employed to obtain the comparison of the engine performance and emission parameter. The use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in diesel engines can be considered as one of the optimum alternative solution for reducing fuel consumption rate. CNG can partly replace diesel fuel in the combustion chamber, while the remaining diesel is used as a testing fuel. The biodiesel employed in this research was extracted from waste cooking oil which was provided by Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM). The results of the engine tests showed that an increase in biodiesel percentage in the testing fuel compound resulting in the reduction of the engine power. Biodiesel used with CNG (B20-DDF) showed a better result of engine torque compared to other types of fuel tested. It was recorded from this particular work research that, when the composition of the biodiesel in the fuel increased, the inherent biodiesel properties like NOx emissions seemed to decrease; however, unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) was found to increase due to incomplete combustion of biodiesel fuel compound. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.03.01","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"7 1","pages":"154-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79172936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic studies of Safranin-O removal from Aqueous Solutions using Pineapple Peels","authors":"Mohammed Yusuf, F. Elfghi, S. Mallak","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate how safranin-O can be removed from aqueous solutions by adsorption on pineapple peels. The effect of solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and adsorbent dose were studied. The optimum adsorption capacity of 26.08 mg/g was achieved under the experimental condition of pH, temperature and contact time of 6, 293K and 80 min, respectively. Also further analysis revealed that 93.24% of safranin-O was significantly removed at 120 mg/L dye concentration in 80 minutes contact time. From the result of the isotherm studies, it was revealed that the equilibrium data is well fitted to Freundlich model while the adsorption kinetic data showed that the adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Finally, it can be deduced that pineapple peels had a great potential in adsorbing and removal of safranin-o from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"29 1","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83207788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сrack Branching in Catastrophic Fractures of Metal Structures and Environmental Damages","authors":"A. Alexeev, A. Syromyatnikova, K. N. Bolshev, A. M. Bol’shakov, A. R. Ivanov","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T In this article, fracturing in large-scale metal structures such as main gas pipelines, fuel and oil tanks operated in Arctic were investigated. It is shown that catastrophic accidents involved in large thinwalled metal structures in large diameter pipelines, tanks and pressure vessels. The fractures occurred not only due to stretch propagation of brittle or viscous fractures, but also followed branching that leads to fragmented fractures with simultaneous movement of many cracks. The character of the fracture depends on the level of the fracture strength. At high levels cracks propagated at a high speed by a mechanism of separation; as a result of crack branching fragment damage occurred. At low level, cracks propagate at a low speed by a cutting mechanism; that does not cause extensive fracturing. The cracks may cause structural and environmental damages.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78241312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crude and Pure Bioflocculants Produced from Bacillus subtillis for Low Concentration of Copper (Cu2+) Removal","authors":"Azmi, I. Norli, Z. A. Farehah, S. A. Ishak, M. N. S. Norfariha, A. T. Azieda","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Copper Bacillus subtillis Crude bio flocculants Pure bio flocculants A B S T R A C T Heavy metals can be found abundantly in earth and being utilized as sources for human being usage. One of the most frequently utilized metals use was copper. Copper was used as a conductor for electrical and electronically product, battery productions, utensils and ornamental purposes due to their conductivity and malleability. Even though copper was very important for human being, excessive exposure of copper to the environment would lead to environmental problems. Since copper possessed an ability to be accumulated into the environment and enter the food chain, efficient techniques to remove copper from wastewater are vital. This paper was focused on biological approaches to remove copper from wastewater using bio flocculants produced by Bacillus subtillis. Important factor such as pH, concentrations of inorganic salt, bio flocculants dosage and initial concentrations of copper were also being studied since copper removal was very dependable on stated variables. Best pH operated for pure bio flocculants was recorded at pH of 6, with 2 mL CaCl2 and 5 g/L dosage of pure bio flocculants for 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/L initial concentrations of copper. While the best pH operated for crude bio flocculants was recorded at pH 4, with 2mL CaCl2 and 2 and 5 mg/L initial concentrations of copper.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"46 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80510547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Development and Testing of a Combined Savonius and Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine","authors":"M. Abid, K. Karimov, H. Wajid, F. Farooq, H. Ahmed, O. H. Khan","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2015.06.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2015.06.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"With a growing focus on renewable energy, interest in design of wind turbines has also been expanding. In today’s market, the horizontal axis (windmill) turbine is the most common type in use; but, vertical axis (Darrieus) turbines have certain advantages. Darrieus turbines, which are liftdriven, have a higher power potential than the horizontal, or drag-driven turbines. The main flaw with their design is their inability to self-start. Darrieus turbines require an external energy source to bring the device to a minimum rotational speed. This paper presents design, construction and testing of a vertical axias (Darrieus) wind turbine with 3 blades, starting solely from the low energy of the wind. A separate drag device (Savonius type turbine) on the top of an existing Darrieus turbine was mounted to make the turbine self start at low wind speed. The cut-in speed of the turbine was 3 m/s, cut-off speed was 20 m/s and power obtained was 50 Watts at wind velocity of 6 m/s. The testing with primiarly available permanent magnetic generator sponsored by industry resulted in 35 Watts at 9m/s. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.01.02","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76626340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Bioenvironmental Impacts of Dam Construction on Land Use/Cover Changes in Sattarkhan Basin Using Multi Temporal Satellite Imagery","authors":"L. Sharifi, S. Kamel, B. Feizizadeh","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2015.06.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2015.06.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.06.01.08 bridges and roads). In the course of carrying out these activities, the environment is degraded and thereby damaging the ecosystem and the landscape, and offsetting the already fragile ecological balance [1]. Obviously, LUCC studies provide a great and significance information to strengthen the protection of land resources, determent unreasonable exploitation, improve ecological environment and promote integration development [2]. In order to monitor the LUCC during time, Earth Observation satellite images provide a powerful methodology for assigning the trends of LUCC by means of comparing time series of satellite images to recognize the LUCC. Remote sensing technology has greatly facilitated investigation and monitoring of LUCC [3]. One of the major advantages of remote sensing system is its capability for repetitive coverage, which is necessary for change detection studies at global and regional scales. Jenson has suggested that detection L. Sharifi1, S. Kamel2*, B. Feizizadeh3 Please cite this article as: L. Sharifi, S. Kamel, B. Feizizadeh, 2015. Monitoring Bioenvironmental Impacts of Dam Construction on Land Use/Cover Changes in Sattarkhan Basin Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery , Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, 6 (1): 39-46. *Corresponding author: Samira Kamel. E-mail: s.kamel66@yahoo.com Phone: 09148449651 Monitoring Bioenvironmental Impacts of Dam Construction on Land Use/Cover Changes in Sattarkhan Basin Using Multi-temporal Satellite Imagery INTRODUCTION Dam construction has caused pressure upon land use/land cover change (LUCC) which is a major cause of bio-environmental changes. In this paper, the environmental impacts of Sattarkhan dam construction from 1987 to 2010 were monitored and recent changes are analyzed, using the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) images of 1987 and 2010; the time before and after the dam construction. The methodology consists of two main stages. In the first stage, image process techniques were employed to classify satellite images using the postclassification comparison change detection method. Results indicate that irrigated agriculture, bare lands, and dry agriculture were reduced in the study period, while water bodies and built-up areas increased. Based on this finding, significant changes in land use/land cover have occurred in Sattarkhan dam basin. In the second stage the bioenvironmental indices were applied to evaluate the bioenvironmental impacts of LUCC and it revealed that the maximum detrimental indices were concerned with conversion of agricultural land use and orchards to built-up lands and water bodies. As an overall evaluation, dam construction has a positive impacts rather than negative environmental impacts. Land use/land cover change (LUCC) detection is considered as one of the significant and fundamental techniques for evaluation of the bioenvironmental effects. Evaluating LUCC is necessary for na","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88063853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}