Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp139-149
Rafal Malik Kamil, None Vian Ahmed Wasta Esmail, None Dler Shamsulddin Hamid *
Pharmaceutical care interventions are a set of recommendations/interventions given by the pharmacist to improve therapeutic compliance, reduce complications, solve a drug therapy problem and improve patients' quality of life with chronic diseases by achieving patient satisfaction. The role of pharmaceutical care intervention in improving the condition of patients with hypothyroidism is still uncovered in Sulaimani city in Iraq, therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical care interventions in improving the outcome of psychological abnormalities in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Fifty-eight patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated into two groups: pharmaceutical care and the control group, both groups were interviewed by the pharmacist using a specific questionnaire. It is the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for assessing their psychological state at the beginning and the at the end of the study and data are recorded by the pharmacist. Blood samples were collected and utilized for analyzing the levels of thyroid function tests, lipid profile tests and blood glucose parameters at baseline and six weeks after. The pharmaceutical care group received all the education about their medications and how to minimize drug-related problems; improve the outcome and quality of life. Additionally, the pharmaceutical intervention included correcting some biochemical parameters. The study findings suggest that pharmaceutical care intervention and the pharmacist’s role over six-weeks period could improve the patient’s psychological condition. In addition, it can improve some biochemical parameters and quality of life significantly.
{"title":"The impact of pharmaceutical care intervention on the depressive symptoms of patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism","authors":"Rafal Malik Kamil, None Vian Ahmed Wasta Esmail, None Dler Shamsulddin Hamid *","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp139-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp139-149","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical care interventions are a set of recommendations/interventions given by the pharmacist to improve therapeutic compliance, reduce complications, solve a drug therapy problem and improve patients' quality of life with chronic diseases by achieving patient satisfaction. The role of pharmaceutical care intervention in improving the condition of patients with hypothyroidism is still uncovered in Sulaimani city in Iraq, therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical care interventions in improving the outcome of psychological abnormalities in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Fifty-eight patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated into two groups: pharmaceutical care and the control group, both groups were interviewed by the pharmacist using a specific questionnaire. It is the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for assessing their psychological state at the beginning and the at the end of the study and data are recorded by the pharmacist. Blood samples were collected and utilized for analyzing the levels of thyroid function tests, lipid profile tests and blood glucose parameters at baseline and six weeks after. The pharmaceutical care group received all the education about their medications and how to minimize drug-related problems; improve the outcome and quality of life. Additionally, the pharmaceutical intervention included correcting some biochemical parameters. The study findings suggest that pharmaceutical care intervention and the pharmacist’s role over six-weeks period could improve the patient’s psychological condition. In addition, it can improve some biochemical parameters and quality of life significantly.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp96-111
Naza Mahmood, None Noor Majid Raheem Kareem1
Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Azilsartan against Cisplatin-induced ocular damage by ameliorating the oxidative stress and inflammation status, as well as to compare two different doses of Azilsartan to the Resveratrol. Fifty-six male Wister albino-rats, weighing 270±30 g. The rats were allocated at random into seven groups (n=8 per group), as follows: Group 1 (Healthy control) was given 0.5% CMC orally for the 14 days. Group 2 (Positive control) was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 0.5% CMC orally for the following 14 days. Group 3 was given 3.5mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 4 was given 7mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 5 was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 3.5mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 6 was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 7mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 7 (standard) was given 25mg/kg/day Resveratrol orally for following 14 days.Azilsartan at low dose (3.5mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in IL-1β pro-inflammatory marker level, whereas there was no significant effect on MDA and SOD levels in cisplatin-induced ocular damage. Histologically, there were significant reduction in inflammatory exudates, edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration with both doses. Additionally, there were no significant difference among Azilsartan only received groups and Resveratrol group. Azilsartan shows a promising anti-inflammatory effect in ocular tissue in Cisplatin experimental rat models by significantly reducing IL-1β overexpression, through its potent AT1receptor blocking effect. However, Azilsartan showed a slight effect on MDA levels and marginal effect on SOD levels in Cisplatin-induced ocular toxicity. Furthermore, Azilsartan at a low dose slightly mimicked the effect of resveratrol on normal ocular tissue, suggesting an advancement in prophylactic application in ocular injury.
Keywords: Azilsartan, IL-1β, Cisplatin, Ocular Toxicity
{"title":"Ameliorating Effect of Azilsartan on Cisplatin -Induced Ocular Toxicity in Male Rats","authors":"Naza Mahmood, None Noor Majid Raheem Kareem1","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp96-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp96-111","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Azilsartan against Cisplatin-induced ocular damage by ameliorating the oxidative stress and inflammation status, as well as to compare two different doses of Azilsartan to the Resveratrol. Fifty-six male Wister albino-rats, weighing 270±30 g. The rats were allocated at random into seven groups (n=8 per group), as follows: Group 1 (Healthy control) was given 0.5% CMC orally for the 14 days. Group 2 (Positive control) was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 0.5% CMC orally for the following 14 days. Group 3 was given 3.5mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 4 was given 7mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 5 was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 3.5mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 6 was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 7mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 7 (standard) was given 25mg/kg/day Resveratrol orally for following 14 days.Azilsartan at low dose (3.5mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in IL-1β pro-inflammatory marker level, whereas there was no significant effect on MDA and SOD levels in cisplatin-induced ocular damage. Histologically, there were significant reduction in inflammatory exudates, edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration with both doses. Additionally, there were no significant difference among Azilsartan only received groups and Resveratrol group. Azilsartan shows a promising anti-inflammatory effect in ocular tissue in Cisplatin experimental rat models by significantly reducing IL-1β overexpression, through its potent AT1receptor blocking effect. However, Azilsartan showed a slight effect on MDA levels and marginal effect on SOD levels in Cisplatin-induced ocular toxicity. Furthermore, Azilsartan at a low dose slightly mimicked the effect of resveratrol on normal ocular tissue, suggesting an advancement in prophylactic application in ocular injury.
 Keywords: Azilsartan, IL-1β, Cisplatin, Ocular Toxicity","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp128-133
None Shurouqhussam, None Ali Faris Hassan
Omega-7 is a monounsaturated fatty acid that has a number of beneficial effects. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent is commonly used to treat solid tumors. Cisplatin΄s clinical use has been limited due to its nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity induced by Cisplatin is thought to be linked with increased formation of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of omega 7 against Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. thirty male wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups with six rats in each group , group 1 rats received liquid paraffin solution orally for 7 consecutive days , group 2 rats received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5 mg/ kg) , group 3 rats received omega-7 (50mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received Cisplatin single intraperitoneal injection (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 4 rats received omega-7 (100 mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 5 rats received omega 7 (100mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days .on the ninth , all animals were sacrificed and tissue homogenates were used for the estimation of glutathione peroxidase-1(GPX-1), superoxide dismutase-1(SOD-1), reduced glutathione(GSH), catalase(CAT) and malondialdehyde(MDA). Treatment of rats with omega-7 showed significant (p < 0.05) elevation in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes (GPX-1, SOD-1, reduced GSH and CAT) and significant (p < 0.05) reduction of MDA level compared to Cisplatin (positive control) group.in conclusion, omega-7 has a protective effect against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity maybe through its anti-oxidant activity.
{"title":"The Protective Effect of Omega-7 on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Model","authors":"None Shurouqhussam, None Ali Faris Hassan","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp128-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp128-133","url":null,"abstract":"Omega-7 is a monounsaturated fatty acid that has a number of beneficial effects. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent is commonly used to treat solid tumors. Cisplatin΄s clinical use has been limited due to its nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity induced by Cisplatin is thought to be linked with increased formation of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of omega 7 against Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. thirty male wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups with six rats in each group , group 1 rats received liquid paraffin solution orally for 7 consecutive days , group 2 rats received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5 mg/ kg) , group 3 rats received omega-7 (50mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received Cisplatin single intraperitoneal injection (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 4 rats received omega-7 (100 mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 5 rats received omega 7 (100mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days .on the ninth , all animals were sacrificed and tissue homogenates were used for the estimation of glutathione peroxidase-1(GPX-1), superoxide dismutase-1(SOD-1), reduced glutathione(GSH), catalase(CAT) and malondialdehyde(MDA). Treatment of rats with omega-7 showed significant (p < 0.05) elevation in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes (GPX-1, SOD-1, reduced GSH and CAT) and significant (p < 0.05) reduction of MDA level compared to Cisplatin (positive control) group.in conclusion, omega-7 has a protective effect against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity maybe through its anti-oxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp134-138
IHAB IBRAHIM AL-KHALIFA, None Rand A. Aziz, None Mohammed K.Abbas, None Mohammed M. Fadhil
Oxidative stress is one of pharmacological & toxicology mechanisms as an important pathological mechanism proposed for many diseases including cancer . Plant components that include antioxidant components are becoming more popular as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants because of their ability to eliminate free-radical intermediates and prevent further oxidation, Citrus genus, which belongs to the Rutaceae family, comprises among of the world's most frequently harvested crops due to its many nutritional and health advantages.
The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the prepared extract shown the presence of several constituents of citrus peels as Alkaloids, Phenolics , Flavonoids and rutin. Moreover , The result of in-vitro antioxidants activity of both citrus species showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity for peel extract demonstrate dose-dependent inhibition with IC50 was calculated (287.32 ug/ml and 341.89 µg/ml) for pomelo & orange respectively compared to IC50 value of vitamin C which was 260.06 µg/ml as standard antioxidant . in conclusion , study results showed that pomelo peel show higher antioxidant activity compared to orange moreover, citrus peel has significant antioxidant qualities and is a potentially rich source of natural antioxidants, and PPE scavenges DPPH and reactive oxygen radicals very effectively.
{"title":"Comparative Study for Citrus Fruits Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Antioxidant Activity","authors":"IHAB IBRAHIM AL-KHALIFA, None Rand A. Aziz, None Mohammed K.Abbas, None Mohammed M. Fadhil","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp134-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp134-138","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is one of pharmacological & toxicology mechanisms as an important pathological mechanism proposed for many diseases including cancer . Plant components that include antioxidant components are becoming more popular as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants because of their ability to eliminate free-radical intermediates and prevent further oxidation, Citrus genus, which belongs to the Rutaceae family, comprises among of the world's most frequently harvested crops due to its many nutritional and health advantages.
 The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the prepared extract shown the presence of several constituents of citrus peels as Alkaloids, Phenolics , Flavonoids and rutin. Moreover , The result of in-vitro antioxidants activity of both citrus species showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity for peel extract demonstrate dose-dependent inhibition with IC50 was calculated (287.32 ug/ml and 341.89 µg/ml) for pomelo & orange respectively compared to IC50 value of vitamin C which was 260.06 µg/ml as standard antioxidant . in conclusion , study results showed that pomelo peel show higher antioxidant activity compared to orange moreover, citrus peel has significant antioxidant qualities and is a potentially rich source of natural antioxidants, and PPE scavenges DPPH and reactive oxygen radicals very effectively.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp112-119
Baidaa Alkhazragy, Nada N. Alshawi
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is a North American natural fruit. consumed as food and used for health promotion and prevention of various diseases. Aim. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of cranberry fruit extract on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in mice by measuring selected oxidative stress markers. Methods. Twenty-eight male albino mice were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group I [Negative Control]/orally-administered normal saline for 7 successive days; Group II [Orally-administered cranberry fruit extract alone (200 mg/kg) for 7 successive days; Group III/Mice IP injection with cisplatin (12mg/kg) on day 7 and; Group IV [Orally-administered cranberry fruits extract for 7 successive days followed by single IP injection of cisplatin on day 7. After euthanization of each animal by diethyl ether (on day 8th), serum and renal tissue samples were collected for analysis. Results. Administration of cranberry fruit extract resulted in a significant decline in serum creatinine level (0.87±0.120) and a significant elevation in renal reduced glutathione level (197.42±62.958) (P<0.05) with the improvement in the histological analysis of renal tissue of mice of Group IV compared to that in cisplatin intraperitoneally-injected Group III mice. Conclusions. Orally-administrated cranberry extract prior to cisplatin exerts a protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin via improving the oxidative stress process in mice.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Cranberry Extract against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Improving Oxidative Stress in Mice","authors":"Baidaa Alkhazragy, Nada N. Alshawi","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp112-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp112-119","url":null,"abstract":"Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is a North American natural fruit. consumed as food and used for health promotion and prevention of various diseases. Aim. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of cranberry fruit extract on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in mice by measuring selected oxidative stress markers. Methods. Twenty-eight male albino mice were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group I [Negative Control]/orally-administered normal saline for 7 successive days; Group II [Orally-administered cranberry fruit extract alone (200 mg/kg) for 7 successive days; Group III/Mice IP injection with cisplatin (12mg/kg) on day 7 and; Group IV [Orally-administered cranberry fruits extract for 7 successive days followed by single IP injection of cisplatin on day 7. After euthanization of each animal by diethyl ether (on day 8th), serum and renal tissue samples were collected for analysis. Results. Administration of cranberry fruit extract resulted in a significant decline in serum creatinine level (0.87±0.120) and a significant elevation in renal reduced glutathione level (197.42±62.958) (P<0.05) with the improvement in the histological analysis of renal tissue of mice of Group IV compared to that in cisplatin intraperitoneally-injected Group III mice. Conclusions. Orally-administrated cranberry extract prior to cisplatin exerts a protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin via improving the oxidative stress process in mice.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp120-127
Amani Jabbar, Nada Naji Alshawi
Myelosuppression is a serious disease that is related to the malfunction of blood cells production that leads to cytopenia which is the most serious hematologic toxicity of cancer chemotherapies including cyclophosphamide, which is a strong oxazaphosphorine [a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent] that can be used alone or combined with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of different malignant diseases. It induces severe bone marrow suppression by damaging hematopoietic stem cells through the generation of oxidative stress. Fisetin is a hydrophobic polyphenolic compound with a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, osteoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of fisetin alone and pretreatment with cyclophosphamide on some selected hematological and oxidative stress parameters in the male rats model. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups each with 7 rats. The first group received 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (negative control group). The second group received oral fisetin. The third group received a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) and the fourth group received fisetin for 7 constitutive days than a single IP injection of CP on day 7. Results showed that both fisetin and CP significantly reduced the total white blood cells and platelet counts compared to such counts in negative control/Group I (P<0.05) when each administered alone and in combination. Furthermore, results viewed that fisetin significantly increased GSH and SOD1, and decrease MDA levels in serum compared to such levels in CP (Group III) rats (P<0.05). The study concluded that the administration of fisetin alone causes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and this decrease augmented in combination with CP; while exhibiting a strong antioxidant effect against CP induced-oxidative stress.
{"title":"Evaluation of The Effect of Fisetin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myelosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Rats","authors":"Amani Jabbar, Nada Naji Alshawi","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp120-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp120-127","url":null,"abstract":"Myelosuppression is a serious disease that is related to the malfunction of blood cells production that leads to cytopenia which is the most serious hematologic toxicity of cancer chemotherapies including cyclophosphamide, which is a strong oxazaphosphorine [a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent] that can be used alone or combined with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of different malignant diseases. It induces severe bone marrow suppression by damaging hematopoietic stem cells through the generation of oxidative stress. Fisetin is a hydrophobic polyphenolic compound with a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, osteoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of fisetin alone and pretreatment with cyclophosphamide on some selected hematological and oxidative stress parameters in the male rats model. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups each with 7 rats. The first group received 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (negative control group). The second group received oral fisetin. The third group received a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) and the fourth group received fisetin for 7 constitutive days than a single IP injection of CP on day 7. Results showed that both fisetin and CP significantly reduced the total white blood cells and platelet counts compared to such counts in negative control/Group I (P<0.05) when each administered alone and in combination. Furthermore, results viewed that fisetin significantly increased GSH and SOD1, and decrease MDA levels in serum compared to such levels in CP (Group III) rats (P<0.05). The study concluded that the administration of fisetin alone causes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and this decrease augmented in combination with CP; while exhibiting a strong antioxidant effect against CP induced-oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary malignancies worldwide, the therapeutic approaches for suppression of urothelial tumor and progression toward distant metastasis are not convincing. The present study was conducted to explore the curative effect and safety of THQ in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder cancer in rat.
Twenty-two male Wister albino rats were allocated into three group G1; served as control (n=6) received only the vehicle. G2: carcinogen group (n=6); animals had 0.05% BBN in drinking water for nine weeks. G3: Treatment group (n=10); THQ was administered at a dose of 50mg/Kg/day orally one week prior to the last exposure of BBN and continued till week 20. The bladder wall of all the animals was examined macroscopically for assessment of the number and the surface area of the lesions using Image J software program. Histopathological evaluation was also done for abnormal morphological alterations. Serum was analyzed for measurement of total oxidant status (TOS) and nuclear factor kappa- κB (NF-κB), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Safety of THQ in respect of hematological, liver and renal function were also investigated. Bladder lesions in the THQ-treated group was reduced versus the carcinogen group. Histopathological findings in THQ-treated group demonstrated a significant improvement in the abnormal morphological growth in bladder, the TOS, NF-kβ, TGF-β, VEGF were mitigated non-significantly in the treatment group. The safety profile of THQ showed no significant deleterious effect on hematological, liver and renal function parameters with no signs of toxicity. THQ inhibited the development of neoplastic, preneoplastic transformations and it suppressed premalignant and malignant lesion formation in a rat model of bladder cancer. This might be due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of THQ. These data suggested that THQ may be effective and safe in ameliorating urinary bladder carcinogenesis.
膀胱癌是世界范围内最常见的泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤之一，其抑制尿路上皮肿瘤和向远处转移的治疗方法尚不令人信服。本研究旨在探讨THQ对n -丁基- n -(4-羟基丁基)亚硝胺(BBN)诱导大鼠膀胱癌的疗效和安全性。
雄性白化Wister大鼠22只，分为G1组;作为对照组(n=6)，只接受载具。G2:致癌物组(n=6);动物连续9周饮用含有0.05% BBN的水。G3:治疗组，n=10;在最后一次接触BBN前一周，以50mg/Kg/天的剂量口服THQ，并持续到第20周。采用Image J软件程序对所有动物膀胱壁进行宏观检查，以评估病变的数量和表面积。组织病理学评估异常形态学改变。测定血清总氧化状态(TOS)、核因子κB (NF-κB)、转化生长因子β -1 (TGF-β1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。此外，还对THQ在血液学、肝肾功能方面的安全性进行了研究。与致癌物组相比，thq治疗组膀胱病变减少。四氢棉素组膀胱异常形态生长明显改善，TOS、NF-kβ、TGF-β、VEGF均无明显减轻。四氢大麻素的安全性对血液学、肝肾功能指标无明显不良影响，无毒性迹象。在大鼠膀胱癌模型中，THQ抑制肿瘤、瘤前转化的发展，抑制癌前病变和恶性病变的形成。这可能是由于THQ的抗氧化和抗炎特性。这些数据表明THQ在改善膀胱癌变方面可能是有效和安全的。
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Thymoquinone on Suppression of Tumor Growth in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-Nitrosamine -Induced Bladder Cancer in Rats","authors":"Karmand Salih Hamaamin Qadir, Bushra Hassan Marouf","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp150-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp150-161","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary malignancies worldwide, the therapeutic approaches for suppression of urothelial tumor and progression toward distant metastasis are not convincing. The present study was conducted to explore the curative effect and safety of THQ in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder cancer in rat.
 Twenty-two male Wister albino rats were allocated into three group G1; served as control (n=6) received only the vehicle. G2: carcinogen group (n=6); animals had 0.05% BBN in drinking water for nine weeks. G3: Treatment group (n=10); THQ was administered at a dose of 50mg/Kg/day orally one week prior to the last exposure of BBN and continued till week 20. The bladder wall of all the animals was examined macroscopically for assessment of the number and the surface area of the lesions using Image J software program. Histopathological evaluation was also done for abnormal morphological alterations. Serum was analyzed for measurement of total oxidant status (TOS) and nuclear factor kappa- κB (NF-κB), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Safety of THQ in respect of hematological, liver and renal function were also investigated. Bladder lesions in the THQ-treated group was reduced versus the carcinogen group. Histopathological findings in THQ-treated group demonstrated a significant improvement in the abnormal morphological growth in bladder, the TOS, NF-kβ, TGF-β, VEGF were mitigated non-significantly in the treatment group. The safety profile of THQ showed no significant deleterious effect on hematological, liver and renal function parameters with no signs of toxicity. THQ inhibited the development of neoplastic, preneoplastic transformations and it suppressed premalignant and malignant lesion formation in a rat model of bladder cancer. This might be due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of THQ. These data suggested that THQ may be effective and safe in ameliorating urinary bladder carcinogenesis.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp58-64
Hadeel Alhashimy, None Shaymaa Abdulzahra Abbas
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common disease in the human body in both sex , male and female ,Trace elements (TEs) like copper (Cu); zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) have a vital role in biological and metabolic effects including activation or inhibition of enzymatic reaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), competition between trace elements and metal proteins for binding positions and modifications in the permeability of cellular membranes which affect on cancers events.This paper reviews measured trace elemental concentrations of cancerous and noncancerous blood sample by drawing 5 ml of venous blood from all patient and control (healthy persons) ,the serum was separated then used to measure the Zn,Cu and Fe. by using. a convenient colorimetric assay. The statistical significant association was determined, the p values is larger than 0.05 so the data considered statistically significant ,and there is a difference in the levels of trace elements (Zn, Cu and Fe) in four groups ; the median of Zn and Cu were highest in control group compared to the rest groups ,the median of Fe is highest in benign group compared to the rest groups .
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Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp83-90
None Sumaya B. Abdulrahman, None Eman S. Saleh, None Sabah M. Saeedi
Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety subjects that have been divided into three groups: twenty apparently healthy control group and seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus divided into two equal groups according to the presence of diabetic nephropathy that has been further divided into two groups according to the use of ACE inhibitors or not. Serum MIF, urea, creatinine, RBS, HbA1c, BMI, eGFR, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio have been measured for each subject. Serum MIF’s highest levels were observed in the diabetic nephropathy patients (24.9 ng/ml) followed by the diabetics (14. 1 ng/ml) with the lowest level observed in the control group (4.8 ng/ml). There was a significant relation between MIF levels and ACE inhibitors (p-value <0.05) with reduced MIF levels in ACE inhibitors users. The ROC curve showed that MIF has a good performance in disease prediction. These findings support the reliability of MIF as a biomarker for the prediction of diabetic nephropathy and the possible reducing effect of ACE inhibitors on MIF levels.
{"title":"Assessing the reliability of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a marker for diabetic nephropathy prediction in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of ACE inhibitors on its level","authors":"None Sumaya B. Abdulrahman, None Eman S. Saleh, None Sabah M. Saeedi","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp83-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp83-90","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety subjects that have been divided into three groups: twenty apparently healthy control group and seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus divided into two equal groups according to the presence of diabetic nephropathy that has been further divided into two groups according to the use of ACE inhibitors or not. Serum MIF, urea, creatinine, RBS, HbA1c, BMI, eGFR, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio have been measured for each subject. Serum MIF’s highest levels were observed in the diabetic nephropathy patients (24.9 ng/ml) followed by the diabetics (14. 1 ng/ml) with the lowest level observed in the control group (4.8 ng/ml). There was a significant relation between MIF levels and ACE inhibitors (p-value <0.05) with reduced MIF levels in ACE inhibitors users. The ROC curve showed that MIF has a good performance in disease prediction. These findings support the reliability of MIF as a biomarker for the prediction of diabetic nephropathy and the possible reducing effect of ACE inhibitors on MIF levels.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.31351/vol32iss2pp65-73
Alaa Zamil, Seenaa Amin
In Iraq 1.4 million of people have diabetes, the prevalence of T2DM was ranged (8.5%—13.9%), and the cluster of metabolic abnormalities has long been identified as the risk factors for type 2 diabetes and is now commonly described as metabolic syndrome/MetS. Insulin resistance takes a key role in the process of the MetS and has even been hypothesized as its underlying cause. Clinical and epidemiologic studies also indicate that obesity and life style habit might be correlated with IR. This study examined the relationship between IR and MetS in a sample of young, healthy university students in Iraq. It discovered that the severity of IR is positively correlated with the clustering of MetS risk factors in Iraqi students, suggesting that the IR index could be used as a diagnostic tool to identify the young adult who is at higher risk of developing IR and help prevent metabolic disorders that may develop secondary to IR. Insulin resistance was highly correlated with dietary product use, high BMI, and physical inactivity, investigating the IR in an early stage is crucial for trying to stop the disease progression into chronic disease.
{"title":"Insulin Resistance in Association with Metabolic Syndrome in Wasit University Students in Iraq","authors":"Alaa Zamil, Seenaa Amin","doi":"10.31351/vol32iss2pp65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss2pp65-73","url":null,"abstract":"In Iraq 1.4 million of people have diabetes, the prevalence of T2DM was ranged (8.5%—13.9%), and the cluster of metabolic abnormalities has long been identified as the risk factors for type 2 diabetes and is now commonly described as metabolic syndrome/MetS. Insulin resistance takes a key role in the process of the MetS and has even been hypothesized as its underlying cause. Clinical and epidemiologic studies also indicate that obesity and life style habit might be correlated with IR. This study examined the relationship between IR and MetS in a sample of young, healthy university students in Iraq. It discovered that the severity of IR is positively correlated with the clustering of MetS risk factors in Iraqi students, suggesting that the IR index could be used as a diagnostic tool to identify the young adult who is at higher risk of developing IR and help prevent metabolic disorders that may develop secondary to IR. Insulin resistance was highly correlated with dietary product use, high BMI, and physical inactivity, investigating the IR in an early stage is crucial for trying to stop the disease progression into chronic disease.","PeriodicalId":14600,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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