N. Gouitaa, Lamcharfi Taj-dine, A. Farid, Ahjyaje Fatima Zahra
In this study, we have synthesized the Zr substituted BaTi0.80Fe0.20O3 ceramics at different content of Zr from x=0.00 to 0.10 by using the solid-state route. The room temperature X-ray diffraction results confirmed the coexistence of the two tetragonal and hexagonal phases for x ≤ 0.050 of Zr content. While above 0.050 the hexagonal phase disappeared in benefit of the tetragonal phase. The Raman results confirmed the formation of these phases obtained by XRD. The scanning electron micrographs consisted of both spherical and straight grain forms for x=0.000 to 0.075, and only spherical grain form for x=0.100 attributed to the tetragonal phase. Also, the grain size increased accompanied by a decrease in density of ceramics with increasing Zr content up to 0.050 then decreased accompanied by an increase in density. Detailed studies of dielectric permittivity measurement provided a presence of two anomalies Te and TR-O at different temperatures, with a relaxation phenomenon and diffuse behavior which was very important for ceramic at x=0.075 of Zr content. The dielectric permittivity values of the two anomalies of Zr substituted BaTi0.80Fe0.20O3 ceramics increased with the increase of Zr content and the dielectric loss was minimal at x=0.100 of Zr content. The conductivity increased with increasing of Zr substitution from 0.025 to 0.075 levels while for x = 0.100 the dielectric conductivity decreased. And the Cole-Cole analysis indicated a negative thermal resistivity coefficient (NTCR) behavior of these materials and ideal Debye-type behavior.
{"title":"Structural, Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Modified BaTi0.80Fe0.20O3 Ceramics by Zr Addition in Ti Site at x=0.00 to 0.10.","authors":"N. Gouitaa, Lamcharfi Taj-dine, A. Farid, Ahjyaje Fatima Zahra","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2059","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we have synthesized the Zr substituted BaTi0.80Fe0.20O3 ceramics at different content of Zr from x=0.00 to 0.10 by using the solid-state route. The room temperature X-ray diffraction results confirmed the coexistence of the two tetragonal and hexagonal phases for x ≤ 0.050 of Zr content. While above 0.050 the hexagonal phase disappeared in benefit of the tetragonal phase. The Raman results confirmed the formation of these phases obtained by XRD. The scanning electron micrographs consisted of both spherical and straight grain forms for x=0.000 to 0.075, and only spherical grain form for x=0.100 attributed to the tetragonal phase. Also, the grain size increased accompanied by a decrease in density of ceramics with increasing Zr content up to 0.050 then decreased accompanied by an increase in density. Detailed studies of dielectric permittivity measurement provided a presence of two anomalies Te and TR-O at different temperatures, with a relaxation phenomenon and diffuse behavior which was very important for ceramic at x=0.075 of Zr content. The dielectric permittivity values of the two anomalies of Zr substituted BaTi0.80Fe0.20O3 ceramics increased with the increase of Zr content and the dielectric loss was minimal at x=0.100 of Zr content. The conductivity increased with increasing of Zr substitution from 0.025 to 0.075 levels while for x = 0.100 the dielectric conductivity decreased. And the Cole-Cole analysis indicated a negative thermal resistivity coefficient (NTCR) behavior of these materials and ideal Debye-type behavior.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44705949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were synthesized using edible mushroom Russula delica (RD) in this study. Possibilities to evaluate these synthesized nanoparticles (RD-AuNPs) as bioactive substances were investigated. Characterization of synthesized RD-AuNPs were characterized via UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, EDX. In a spherical view, RD-AuNPs with a crystal size of 34.76 nm were synthesized. As a result, fungal systems used for nanomaterial biosynthesis as an effective alternative to chemical synthesis can be used in different biotechnological and medical applications. RD-AuNPs produced by green synthesis can be evaluated in this context.
{"title":"Utilization of Edible Mushroom for Nanomaterial-based Bioactive Material Development","authors":"H. Acay, A. Yildirim, Ayşe Baran","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2140","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were synthesized using edible mushroom Russula delica (RD) in this study. Possibilities to evaluate these synthesized nanoparticles (RD-AuNPs) as bioactive substances were investigated. Characterization of synthesized RD-AuNPs were characterized via UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, EDX. In a spherical view, RD-AuNPs with a crystal size of 34.76 nm were synthesized. As a result, fungal systems used for nanomaterial biosynthesis as an effective alternative to chemical synthesis can be used in different biotechnological and medical applications. RD-AuNPs produced by green synthesis can be evaluated in this context.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49148854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nickel phosphorus alloy coatings were prepared by electrodeposition route from sulfate electrolyte bath at various current densities. SEM studies revealed that spherical grains covered the entire surface with uniform distribution. EDX results showed a linear increase of P content in the developed deposits with current density, causing an increase in the grains size and a drop in hardness values. XRD studies revealed monocrystalline orthorhombic alloys at low phosphorus content (10.88 wt. %). Corrosion test results showed that 1 A.dm-2 is the best applied current density providing the nobler Ecorr (-171.4 mV) and the lower icorr (4.64 μA/cm2).
{"title":"Characterization of Nanocrystalline NiP Alloy Coatings Electrodeposited at Various Current Densities","authors":"F. Lekmine, H. Temam, E. G. Temam","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2237","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel phosphorus alloy coatings were prepared by electrodeposition route from sulfate electrolyte bath at various current densities. SEM studies revealed that spherical grains covered the entire surface with uniform distribution. EDX results showed a linear increase of P content in the developed deposits with current density, causing an increase in the grains size and a drop in hardness values. XRD studies revealed monocrystalline orthorhombic alloys at low phosphorus content (10.88 wt. %). Corrosion test results showed that 1 A.dm-2 is the best applied current density providing the nobler Ecorr (-171.4 mV) and the lower icorr (4.64 μA/cm2).","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usha Vengatakrishnan, K. Subramanian, Vettumperumal Rajapand, Dhineshbabu Nattanmai Raman
Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructure particles were prepared using KOH/NaOH catalyst by low cost precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) analysis. The photocatalytic dye degradation study of pure CuO nanostructure particles are analysed against two azo dyes (Direct black 38 (Black-E) and Congo red) under ultraviolet (UV) and solar irradiation. The release of major active species (*OH) in the photocatalytic degradation by as prepared CuO nanostructure particles were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectra with two different excitation wavelength (325 and 355nm). The band gap of CuO nanostructure particles was calculated from diffuse reflectance spectra. The photocatalytic effect of CuO nanostructure particles is confirmed by the UV – Vis and photoluminescence spectra and from the kinetic studies under UV and solar radiations. The photocatalytic degradation results revealed that 16.35 and 7.5% of black E and Congo red dye was degraded under UV, while the degradation was 47.2 and 17.6% under solar light. The influence of pH on the photodegradation and change in the reaction temperature under solar irradiation were also investigated.
以KOH/NaOH为催化剂，采用低成本沉淀法制备了氧化铜(CuO)纳米结构颗粒，并通过粉末x射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散x射线能谱(EDX)分析对其进行了表征。研究了纯CuO纳米结构粒子在紫外线和太阳照射下对两种偶氮染料(Direct black 38 (black - e)和刚果红)的光催化降解研究。采用不同激发波长(325 nm和355nm)的光致发光(PL)光谱研究了制备的CuO纳米结构粒子光催化降解过程中主要活性物质(*OH)的释放。利用漫反射光谱计算CuO纳米结构粒子的带隙。紫外可见光谱和光致发光光谱以及紫外和太阳辐射下的动力学研究证实了CuO纳米结构粒子的光催化作用。光催化降解结果表明，紫外光对黑E和刚果红染料的降解率分别为16.35%和7.5%，太阳光对黑E和刚果红染料的降解率分别为47.2%和17.6%。考察了pH对太阳辐照下光降解和反应温度变化的影响。
{"title":"Effect of Ultraviolet and Solar Radiation on Photocatalytic Dye (Black-E and Congo Red) Degradation Using Copper Oxide Nanostructure Particles","authors":"Usha Vengatakrishnan, K. Subramanian, Vettumperumal Rajapand, Dhineshbabu Nattanmai Raman","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2145","url":null,"abstract":"Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructure particles were prepared using KOH/NaOH catalyst by low cost precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) analysis. The photocatalytic dye degradation study of pure CuO nanostructure particles are analysed against two azo dyes (Direct black 38 (Black-E) and Congo red) under ultraviolet (UV) and solar irradiation. The release of major active species (*OH) in the photocatalytic degradation by as prepared CuO nanostructure particles were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectra with two different excitation wavelength (325 and 355nm). The band gap of CuO nanostructure particles was calculated from diffuse reflectance spectra. The photocatalytic effect of CuO nanostructure particles is confirmed by the UV – Vis and photoluminescence spectra and from the kinetic studies under UV and solar radiations. The photocatalytic degradation results revealed that 16.35 and 7.5% of black E and Congo red dye was degraded under UV, while the degradation was 47.2 and 17.6% under solar light. The influence of pH on the photodegradation and change in the reaction temperature under solar irradiation were also investigated.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umarfarooq Maktedar Abdulkhadar, Patil Somalinganagouda ShivakumarGouda, G. Kumar, K. Kodancha
Residual stress measurement is of utmost importance for the safety and reliability of engineering components and has been an active area of scientific research. Relaxation techniques such as hole drilling, slitting and ring core method are widely applied semi destructive techniques for residual stress measurements in polymer composites. This article reviews the recent literature on the measurement of residual stress in polymer composite by employing the above-mentioned relaxation techniques. This article summarizes the categories of residual stresses, causes of formation, techniques of measurements and also briefly outlines the chronological developments of the Hole drilling and slitting method. The article also provides a comparative summary of these relaxation methods.
{"title":"An Assessment on Residual Stress Measurement in FRP Composites Using Relaxation Techniques","authors":"Umarfarooq Maktedar Abdulkhadar, Patil Somalinganagouda ShivakumarGouda, G. Kumar, K. Kodancha","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2075","url":null,"abstract":"Residual stress measurement is of utmost importance for the safety and reliability of engineering components and has been an active area of scientific research. Relaxation techniques such as hole drilling, slitting and ring core method are widely applied semi destructive techniques for residual stress measurements in polymer composites. This article reviews the recent literature on the measurement of residual stress in polymer composite by employing the above-mentioned relaxation techniques. This article summarizes the categories of residual stresses, causes of formation, techniques of measurements and also briefly outlines the chronological developments of the Hole drilling and slitting method. The article also provides a comparative summary of these relaxation methods.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The semiconducting Zinc Oxide (ZnO), particles have excellent biocompatibility, good chemical stability, selectivity, sensitivity, non-toxicity, and fast electron transfer characteristics. Thus, these nanoparticles are receiving increasing attention due to their potential performance in human body. The nanoparticles have become more promising in biomedical applications through the development of anticancer agents to recover different types of malignant cells in the human body. The ZnO nanoparticles can be the future materials for biomedical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the cost-effective approaches to synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the ideas developed, may be scaled-up for biomedical applications.
{"title":"A Brief Review of the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications","authors":"M. R. Bhuiyan, Hayati Mamur","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.1995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.1995","url":null,"abstract":"The semiconducting Zinc Oxide (ZnO), particles have excellent biocompatibility, good chemical stability, selectivity, sensitivity, non-toxicity, and fast electron transfer characteristics. Thus, these nanoparticles are receiving increasing attention due to their potential performance in human body. The nanoparticles have become more promising in biomedical applications through the development of anticancer agents to recover different types of malignant cells in the human body. The ZnO nanoparticles can be the future materials for biomedical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the cost-effective approaches to synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the ideas developed, may be scaled-up for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46265016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of melt superheating treatment on the solidification characteristics and microstructure of Al–20%Mg2Si in-situ composite has been investigated. The results revealed that melt superheating temperature has significant effects on solidification parameters and morphology of primary Mg2Si particles. Solidification parameters acquired using the cooling curve thermal analysis method, indicate that both nucleation temperature and nucleation undercooling of primary Mg2Si particles increase by increasing melt superheating temperature, while recalescence undercooling decrease under the same condition. Also, based on the microstructural evaluations, melt superheating treatment can refine primary Mg2Si particles and alter their morphology from dendritic shape to more spherical shape and the eutectic microstructure of α-Al + Mg2Si becomes finer and the distance between eutectic layers becomes smaller..
{"title":"Assessment of the Microstructure and Solidification Characteristics of Al–20%Mg2Si Composite under Melt Superheating Treatment Using Thermal Analysis","authors":"S. Shabestari, S. Ashkvary, Farnaz Yavari","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2056","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of melt superheating treatment on the solidification characteristics and microstructure of Al–20%Mg2Si in-situ composite has been investigated. The results revealed that melt superheating temperature has significant effects on solidification parameters and morphology of primary Mg2Si particles. Solidification parameters acquired using the cooling curve thermal analysis method, indicate that both nucleation temperature and nucleation undercooling of primary Mg2Si particles increase by increasing melt superheating temperature, while recalescence undercooling decrease under the same condition. Also, based on the microstructural evaluations, melt superheating treatment can refine primary Mg2Si particles and alter their morphology from dendritic shape to more spherical shape and the eutectic microstructure of α-Al + Mg2Si becomes finer and the distance between eutectic layers becomes smaller..","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42970358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Alaghband, A. Moosavi, S. Baghshahi, Ali Khorsandzak
Porous nanostructured SnO2 with a sheet-like morphology was synthesized through a simple green substrate-free gelatin-assisted calcination process using Tin tetracholoride pentahydrate as the SnO2 precursor and porcine gelatin as the template. Crystalline phase, morphology, microstructure, and optical characteristics of the as-prepared material were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible absorption, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), respectively. XRD patterns of all the samples revealed the presence of a tetragonal crystalline structure with no other crystalline phase. Moreover, the synthesized hierarchical sheets assembled with nanoparticles displayed a large surface area and porous nanostructure. The calculated optical band gap energy varied from 2.62 to 2.87 eV depending on the calcination temperature. Finally, photoluminescence spectra indicated that the nanostructured SnO2 exhibited an intensive UVviolet luminescence emission at 396 nm, with shoulders at 374, violet emission peaks at 405 and 414 nm, blue-green emission peak at 486 nm, green emission peak at 534 nm and orange emission peak at 628 nm.
{"title":"Structural and Luminescence Properties of SnO2 Nanostructures Via Porcine Gelatin-Assisted Synthesis","authors":"A. H. Alaghband, A. Moosavi, S. Baghshahi, Ali Khorsandzak","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2287","url":null,"abstract":"Porous nanostructured SnO2 with a sheet-like morphology was synthesized through a simple green substrate-free gelatin-assisted calcination process using Tin tetracholoride pentahydrate as the SnO2 precursor and porcine gelatin as the template. Crystalline phase, morphology, microstructure, and optical characteristics of the as-prepared material were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible absorption, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), respectively. XRD patterns of all the samples revealed the presence of a tetragonal crystalline structure with no other crystalline phase. Moreover, the synthesized hierarchical sheets assembled with nanoparticles displayed a large surface area and porous nanostructure. The calculated optical band gap energy varied from 2.62 to 2.87 eV depending on the calcination temperature. Finally, photoluminescence spectra indicated that the nanostructured SnO2 exhibited an intensive UVviolet luminescence emission at 396 nm, with shoulders at 374, violet emission peaks at 405 and 414 nm, blue-green emission peak at 486 nm, green emission peak at 534 nm and orange emission peak at 628 nm.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43644206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabah Bobaaya, O. Allaoui, M. Djendel, Samir Benaniba
Coatings based on chromium borides and chromium carbides are commonly employed in applications requiring high hardness, low friction coefficient, as well as corrosion resistance. In this work, we made layers of chromium borides and chromium carbides on the surface of low carbon steel through some specific treatments. For chromium borides, the boriding treatment in a solid medium at 900°C for 4 h was followed by chromium electroplating on the steel surface and finally the application of annealing treatment at 950°C for 1 and 2 h. For chromium carbides, the cementation in a solid medium was followed by electroplating of chromium on the surface and finally the application of annealing treatment in the temperature range between 500 and 1100°C for 1 h. The results showed that, in the first case, boron diffusion and chromium deposition led to chromium borides on the treated surface. Similarly, for the second case, the cemented layer and the chromium deposited on the surface combined to form chromium carbides on the treated surface after annealing. The characteristics of the chromium borides and chromium carbides obtained were very similar to those of chromium borides and chromium carbides obtained by other processes.
{"title":"A Surface Conversion Treatment on a Borided and Cemented Seel Coated with Chromium Filme","authors":"Rabah Bobaaya, O. Allaoui, M. Djendel, Samir Benaniba","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2150","url":null,"abstract":"Coatings based on chromium borides and chromium carbides are commonly employed in applications requiring high hardness, low friction coefficient, as well as corrosion resistance. In this work, we made layers of chromium borides and chromium carbides on the surface of low carbon steel through some specific treatments. For chromium borides, the boriding treatment in a solid medium at 900°C for 4 h was followed by chromium electroplating on the steel surface and finally the application of annealing treatment at 950°C for 1 and 2 h. For chromium carbides, the cementation in a solid medium was followed by electroplating of chromium on the surface and finally the application of annealing treatment in the temperature range between 500 and 1100°C for 1 h. The results showed that, in the first case, boron diffusion and chromium deposition led to chromium borides on the treated surface. Similarly, for the second case, the cemented layer and the chromium deposited on the surface combined to form chromium carbides on the treated surface after annealing. The characteristics of the chromium borides and chromium carbides obtained were very similar to those of chromium borides and chromium carbides obtained by other processes.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45287871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Tavakoli, M. Aboutalebi, H. Seyedein, S. N. Ashrafizadeh
Solvent extraction of samarium from aqueous solutions by two different types of extractants, namely D2EHPA and PC88A, in kerosene was investigated. Through identification of speciation diagrams, the chemically stable complex of samarium in different acidic solutions (H2SO4, HCl and HNO3) were studied. Regarding the various types of samarium species in sulfate medium in comparison with other acidic environments, H2SO4 and HNO3 media were chosen to examine the extraction behavior of samarium complexes. Thermodynamic parameters of samarium extraction reactions by D2EHPA and PC88A from aqueous solutions of HNO3 and H2SO4 were calculated as ∆G°D2EHPA-HNO3 , ∆G°D2EHPA-H2SO4 , ∆G°PC88A-HNO3 , ∆G°PC88A-H2SO4 equal to -5.58, 3.40, 6.70 and 14.26, and the corresponding ΔHo values were equal to -9.38, -2.75, 4.01 and 16.95 kJ/mol, respectively. According to the results, D2EHPA seemed to be a more efficient extractant than PC88A and nitric aqueous solution was a better media than the sulfuric type. The synergistic effect of binary extractants revealed that synergistic factors were 2.94 and 5.74 in sulfuric and nitric solutions, respectively, for a D2EHPA:PC88A ratio of 2:3. The compositions of extracted complexes by D2EHPA and PC88A in sulfuric and nitric solutions were SmH3A6 and SmH3B6, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters of extraction reactions were calculated as: Ke equal to 9.513, 0.254, 0.067, 0.003 and ∆S°D2EHPA-HNO3 , ∆S°D2EHPA-H2SO4 , ∆S°PC88A-HNO3 , ∆S°PC88A-H2SO4 values were equal to -12.75, -20.64, -9.03, and 9.03 (J mol-1) respectively.
{"title":"Implication of Thermodynamic Functions and Speciation Diagrams in Analysis of Solvent Extraction Behavior of Samarium from Acidic Solutions","authors":"H. Tavakoli, M. Aboutalebi, H. Seyedein, S. N. Ashrafizadeh","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2105","url":null,"abstract":"Solvent extraction of samarium from aqueous solutions by two different types of extractants, namely D2EHPA and PC88A, in kerosene was investigated. Through identification of speciation diagrams, the chemically stable complex of samarium in different acidic solutions (H2SO4, HCl and HNO3) were studied. Regarding the various types of samarium species in sulfate medium in comparison with other acidic environments, H2SO4 and HNO3 media were chosen to examine the extraction behavior of samarium complexes. Thermodynamic parameters of samarium extraction reactions by D2EHPA and PC88A from aqueous solutions of HNO3 and H2SO4 were calculated as ∆G°D2EHPA-HNO3 , ∆G°D2EHPA-H2SO4 , ∆G°PC88A-HNO3 , ∆G°PC88A-H2SO4 equal to -5.58, 3.40, 6.70 and 14.26, and the corresponding ΔHo values were equal to -9.38, -2.75, 4.01 and 16.95 kJ/mol, respectively. According to the results, D2EHPA seemed to be a more efficient extractant than PC88A and nitric aqueous solution was a better media than the sulfuric type. The synergistic effect of binary extractants revealed that synergistic factors were 2.94 and 5.74 in sulfuric and nitric solutions, respectively, for a D2EHPA:PC88A ratio of 2:3. The compositions of extracted complexes by D2EHPA and PC88A in sulfuric and nitric solutions were SmH3A6 and SmH3B6, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters of extraction reactions were calculated as: Ke equal to 9.513, 0.254, 0.067, 0.003 and ∆S°D2EHPA-HNO3 , ∆S°D2EHPA-H2SO4 , ∆S°PC88A-HNO3 , ∆S°PC88A-H2SO4 values were equal to -12.75, -20.64, -9.03, and 9.03 (J mol-1) respectively.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44434060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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