This paper reports the wear behavior of Cu, high Cu-Sn alloy, high Cu-Pb alloy and high Cu-Sn-Pb alloy under dry sliding at ambient conditions. These four materials were chosen for the wear resistance characterization of SnPb-solder affected old/scraped copper (high Cu-Sn-Pb alloy) to explore its reusing potentials. Wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk tribometer with the applied load of 20 N for the sliding distance up to 2772 m at the sliding speed of 0.513 ms-1. The applied load was also changed to observe its effect. The investigation reveals that the presence of a small amount of Sn increased the hardness and improved the wear resistance of Cu, while a similar amount of Pb in Cu reduced the hardness but improved the wear resistance. The general perception of ‘the harder the wear resistant’ was found to match partially with the results of Cu, Cu-Sn alloy and Cu-Sn-Pb alloy. Coefficient of friction (COF) values revealed non-linear gradual increasing trends at the initial stage and after a certain sliding distance COF values of all four sample materials became almost steady. SnPb-solder affected Cu demonstrated its COF to be in between that of Cu-Pb alloy and Cu-Sn alloy with the maximum COF value of 0.533.
本文报道了Cu、高Cu- sn合金、高Cu- pb合金和高Cu- sn - pb合金在干滑动环境下的磨损行为。选择这四种材料对受snpb焊料影响的旧/刮铜(高Cu-Sn-Pb合金)进行耐磨性表征，探索其再利用潜力。使用针盘式摩擦计进行磨损试验，施加20 N载荷，滑动距离为2772 m，滑动速度为0.513 ms-1。还改变了施加的载荷以观察其效果。结果表明，少量Sn的加入提高了Cu的硬度，提高了其耐磨性，而等量Pb的加入降低了Cu的硬度，但提高了其耐磨性。“越硬越耐磨”的普遍看法与Cu、Cu- sn合金和Cu- sn - pb合金的结果部分吻合。摩擦系数(COF)值在初始阶段呈非线性逐渐增加趋势，在一定滑动距离后，4种材料的COF值基本趋于稳定。snpb钎料影响Cu的COF介于Cu- pb合金和Cu- sn合金之间，最大COF值为0.533。
{"title":"Dry Sliding Friction and Wear of SnPb-Solder Affected Copper against Stainless Steel Counter Surface","authors":"Muhammad Muzibur Rahman, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2334","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the wear behavior of Cu, high Cu-Sn alloy, high Cu-Pb alloy and high Cu-Sn-Pb alloy under dry sliding at ambient conditions. These four materials were chosen for the wear resistance characterization of SnPb-solder affected old/scraped copper (high Cu-Sn-Pb alloy) to explore its reusing potentials. Wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk tribometer with the applied load of 20 N for the sliding distance up to 2772 m at the sliding speed of 0.513 ms-1. The applied load was also changed to observe its effect. The investigation reveals that the presence of a small amount of Sn increased the hardness and improved the wear resistance of Cu, while a similar amount of Pb in Cu reduced the hardness but improved the wear resistance. The general perception of ‘the harder the wear resistant’ was found to match partially with the results of Cu, Cu-Sn alloy and Cu-Sn-Pb alloy. Coefficient of friction (COF) values revealed non-linear gradual increasing trends at the initial stage and after a certain sliding distance COF values of all four sample materials became almost steady. SnPb-solder affected Cu demonstrated its COF to be in between that of Cu-Pb alloy and Cu-Sn alloy with the maximum COF value of 0.533.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42285641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zerhouni, F. Filali, M. Bennani, O. Qabaqous, Aziz Bouymajane, J. Houssaini, Safae Allaoui, Faouzia Benhallam
Our study is to highlight the effect of the acid-base character and the redox potential of two clays, synthetic anionic Layered Double Hydroxides Zn3Al-CO3 (LDH) clay, and natural commercial cationic clay "Ghassoul" on their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antibacterial effect was tested on two Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Then it was tested on a Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the two materials was carried out using the microplate microtitration technique. The antioxidant activities of clays are assessed by the methods 2.2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl and the reducing power of iron (Fe3+). The redox potential (Eh) was measured and the redox strength (rH2) was evaluated. The results showed that these materials have an antibacterial effect on the three bacteria tested, the measured zero charge point of Ghassoul (pHzpc =8.75) more basic than that of double layer hydroxide (pHzpc =7.5), redox potential of LDH (-27 mV) was higher than that of Gh (103mV), and the rH2 of Gh (14.04) was higher compared to anionic clay (13.33).
{"title":"Study of the Effect of Acid-base Character of the Lamellar Double Hydroxides \"Zn3Al-CO3\" and of the \"Ghassoul\" Clay on Their Redox Potential and Antimicrobial Activities","authors":"J. Zerhouni, F. Filali, M. Bennani, O. Qabaqous, Aziz Bouymajane, J. Houssaini, Safae Allaoui, Faouzia Benhallam","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2202","url":null,"abstract":"Our study is to highlight the effect of the acid-base character and the redox potential of two clays, synthetic anionic Layered Double Hydroxides Zn3Al-CO3 (LDH) clay, and natural commercial cationic clay \"Ghassoul\" on their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antibacterial effect was tested on two Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Then it was tested on a Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the two materials was carried out using the microplate microtitration technique. The antioxidant activities of clays are assessed by the methods 2.2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl and the reducing power of iron (Fe3+). The redox potential (Eh) was measured and the redox strength (rH2) was evaluated. The results showed that these materials have an antibacterial effect on the three bacteria tested, the measured zero charge point of Ghassoul (pHzpc =8.75) more basic than that of double layer hydroxide (pHzpc =7.5), redox potential of LDH (-27 mV) was higher than that of Gh (103mV), and the rH2 of Gh (14.04) was higher compared to anionic clay (13.33).","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41257601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The monolithic gels were prepared through different drying procedures including super critical, infrared wave lengths and traditional drying methods. Dense and transparent glasses with chemical composition of 66SiO2-18B2O3-7Al2O3-6K2O -3BaO (in wt.%) were obtained after controlled heat treatment of the dried porous xerogels at 950°C for 2 h in air atmosphere. The chemical bonding as well as different properties of the prepared gels and the relevant glasses were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmitt-Teller (BET) and UV-Vis spectrometer. The results indicates that different drying conditions affect the average pore size and the total pore volume of the studied gels. The mean pore size was found to be 8.7, 2.4 and 3.2 nm for super critical, IR radiation and slow drying in air respectively. The glass network structure was significantly changed by heat treatment temperature such that the B-O-Si bonds were formed only after 450°C. It was found that the gel dried under super critical condition was unable to reach to its full density under the sintering conditions adopted in this study.
{"title":"Physical and Structural Characteristics of Gel-derived Glasses Prepared via Different Drying Procedures","authors":"S. Ahmadi, B. E. Yekta, H. Sarpoolaky, A. Aghaei","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2297","url":null,"abstract":"The monolithic gels were prepared through different drying procedures including super critical, infrared wave lengths and traditional drying methods. Dense and transparent glasses with chemical composition of 66SiO2-18B2O3-7Al2O3-6K2O -3BaO (in wt.%) were obtained after controlled heat treatment of the dried porous xerogels at 950°C for 2 h in air atmosphere. The chemical bonding as well as different properties of the prepared gels and the relevant glasses were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmitt-Teller (BET) and UV-Vis spectrometer. The results indicates that different drying conditions affect the average pore size and the total pore volume of the studied gels. The mean pore size was found to be 8.7, 2.4 and 3.2 nm for super critical, IR radiation and slow drying in air respectively. The glass network structure was significantly changed by heat treatment temperature such that the B-O-Si bonds were formed only after 450°C. It was found that the gel dried under super critical condition was unable to reach to its full density under the sintering conditions adopted in this study.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44040241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid composites consisting of AA6061 matrix reinforced with TiB2 (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt. %), Al2O3 (2 wt.%) particles were produced by the sintering process. In comparison to the base material AA6061, the composite produced had improved mechanical properties. The mechanical properties in the sintered composite samples such as tensile strength and hardness, are measured and compared to the wear-tested specimen. Optical micrographs reveal that composites were riddled with defects like blowholes, pinholes, and improper bonding between the particulates before sintering. However, the post-sintered optical micrograph showed that the defects were greatly suppressed. Micrographic images revealed the changes in surface characteristics before and after wear. Until a sliding distance of 260 m, the wear rate of the hybrid composites was kept lower than that of the base material. The coefficient of all the composite materials produced in this study was less than that of the base material. The results reveal that the hardness of hybrid composites having 4 and 6 wt. % of TiB2 particulates increased by 5.98 and 1.35% respectively. Because of the frictional heating during the wear test, the tensile properties lowered by up to 49.6%. It is concluded that the hybrid composites having 4 and 6 wt. % of TiB2 particulates exhibited less wear rate for extended sliding distance, good hardness, moderate tensile strength, and decent elongation percentage compared to the base material counterparts.
{"title":"Investigation of Tribological Behavior on the Mechanical Properties of TiB2, Al2O3 Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Sintered Hybrid Composites","authors":"Dillibabu Surrya Prakash, Narayana Dilip Raja","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2230","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid composites consisting of AA6061 matrix reinforced with TiB2 (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt. %), Al2O3 (2 wt.%) particles were produced by the sintering process. In comparison to the base material AA6061, the composite produced had improved mechanical properties. The mechanical properties in the sintered composite samples such as tensile strength and hardness, are measured and compared to the wear-tested specimen. Optical micrographs reveal that composites were riddled with defects like blowholes, pinholes, and improper bonding between the particulates before sintering. However, the post-sintered optical micrograph showed that the defects were greatly suppressed. Micrographic images revealed the changes in surface characteristics before and after wear. Until a sliding distance of 260 m, the wear rate of the hybrid composites was kept lower than that of the base material. The coefficient of all the composite materials produced in this study was less than that of the base material. The results reveal that the hardness of hybrid composites having 4 and 6 wt. % of TiB2 particulates increased by 5.98 and 1.35% respectively. Because of the frictional heating during the wear test, the tensile properties lowered by up to 49.6%. It is concluded that the hybrid composites having 4 and 6 wt. % of TiB2 particulates exhibited less wear rate for extended sliding distance, good hardness, moderate tensile strength, and decent elongation percentage compared to the base material counterparts.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46680471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mr. Siddaramappa, H. Latha, H. S. Lalithamba, A. Udayakumar
Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were synthesized by green combustion method using indium (In) and tin (Sn) as precursors, and Carica papaya seed extract as novel fuel. This paper highlights the effect of tin concentration (5%, 10%, and 50%) on the microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of ITO nanoparticles (NPs). The indium nitrate and tin nitrate solution along with the fuel were heated at 600°C for 1 h in a muffle furnace and obtained powder was calcinated at 650°C for 3 h to produce ITO NPs. The above properties were investigated using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and computer-controlled impedance analyzer. The XRD, SEM, and TEM investigations reveal the synthesized NPs were spherical in shape with an increase in average grain size (17.66 to 35 nm) as Sn concentration increases. FTIR investigations confirm the In-O bonding. The optical properties results revealed that the ITO NPs band gap decreased from 3.21 to 2.98 eV with an increase in Sn concentration. The ac conductivity of ITO NPs was found to increase with an increase in Sn concentration. These synthesized ITO NPs showed excellent properties for emerging sensor and optical device applications.
{"title":"The Effect of Tin Concentration on Microstructural, Optical and Electrical Properties of ITO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Green Method","authors":"Mr. Siddaramappa, H. Latha, H. S. Lalithamba, A. Udayakumar","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2284","url":null,"abstract":"Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were synthesized by green combustion method using indium (In) and tin (Sn) as precursors, and Carica papaya seed extract as novel fuel. This paper highlights the effect of tin concentration (5%, 10%, and 50%) on the microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of ITO nanoparticles (NPs). The indium nitrate and tin nitrate solution along with the fuel were heated at 600°C for 1 h in a muffle furnace and obtained powder was calcinated at 650°C for 3 h to produce ITO NPs. The above properties were investigated using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and computer-controlled impedance analyzer. The XRD, SEM, and TEM investigations reveal the synthesized NPs were spherical in shape with an increase in average grain size (17.66 to 35 nm) as Sn concentration increases. FTIR investigations confirm the In-O bonding. The optical properties results revealed that the ITO NPs band gap decreased from 3.21 to 2.98 eV with an increase in Sn concentration. The ac conductivity of ITO NPs was found to increase with an increase in Sn concentration. These synthesized ITO NPs showed excellent properties for emerging sensor and optical device applications.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamilanban Thangaraju, T. Ravikumar, S. Kanthasamy
The effect of pouring temperature while preparing Aluminium SiC metal matrix composites, with additional benefits of magnesium and copper through stir casting technique was investigated. The composites were fabricated by mixing 12 wt% of SiC reinforcements, 4 wt% magnesium, and 2 wt% copper into 6061 aluminum alloy melt at different pouring temperatures (630oC, 670oC, and 710oC). The addition of magnesium will enhance the wettability of the SiC particles with the Al matrix. The inclusion of copper has considerable improvement in the strength and hardness of the composite. The microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness) of the Al MMC are evaluated with the corresponding processing parameter, specifically the pouring temperature of the cast composites. The metallurgical characterization utilizing optical and scanning electron microscope were observed for the prepared composites. The coarse microstructure and homogenous distribution of SiC particles appeared within the dendrite structures of the composites. The SiC particles have effectively distributed, and higher tensile strength and maximum hardness have occurred in composite at a pouring temperature of 670oC as compared to other composites. The mechanical properties were lower in composites prepared using lesser pouring temperature (630oC) and significantly decreased for higher pouring temperature (710oC) of the
{"title":"“Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Stir Casting Al/SiCp/Mg/Cu Composite with Varying Pouring Temperatures.”","authors":"Tamilanban Thangaraju, T. Ravikumar, S. Kanthasamy","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2121","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pouring temperature while preparing Aluminium SiC metal matrix composites, with additional benefits of magnesium and copper through stir casting technique was investigated. The composites were fabricated by mixing 12 wt% of SiC reinforcements, 4 wt% magnesium, and 2 wt% copper into 6061 aluminum alloy melt at different pouring temperatures (630oC, 670oC, and 710oC). The addition of magnesium will enhance the wettability of the SiC particles with the Al matrix. The inclusion of copper has considerable improvement in the strength and hardness of the composite. The microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness) of the Al MMC are evaluated with the corresponding processing parameter, specifically the pouring temperature of the cast composites. The metallurgical characterization utilizing optical and scanning electron microscope were observed for the prepared composites. The coarse microstructure and homogenous distribution of SiC particles appeared within the dendrite structures of the composites. The SiC particles have effectively distributed, and higher tensile strength and maximum hardness have occurred in composite at a pouring temperature of 670oC as compared to other composites. The mechanical properties were lower in composites prepared using lesser pouring temperature (630oC) and significantly decreased for higher pouring temperature (710oC) of the","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tin oxide (SnO2) is used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells with a planar structure due to its good transparency and energy level alignment with the perovskite layer. The modification interface of the electron transport layer and the perovskite absorber layer plays an important role in the efficient charge extraction process at the interface. In this study, planar perovskite solar cells with configuration (FTO/SnO2/mixed-cation perovskite/CuInS2/Au) were prepared to investigate the effect of UV-Ozone (UVO) treated SnO2 as ETL on the performance of devices. ETL treatment was performed at different times (0 to 60 min). It is shown that surface wetting was improved by UVO treating the SnO2 films prior to deposition of the perovskite layer. The latter improves the contact between the ETL and the perovskite layer, allowing more efficient electron transport at the interface. Contact angle, SEM, photoluminescence spectra, and the current density-voltage tests were conducted to characterize the photovoltaic of the cells. The best PSC performance with a power conversion efficiency of 10.96% was achieved using UVO-treated SnO2 ETL for 30 min, whereas the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells with SnO2 ETL without UVO treatment was only 4.34%.
{"title":"Surface Modification of the SnO2 Layer Using UV-Ozone in a Perovskite Solar Cell with a Planar Structure","authors":"M. Z. Meymian, R. Keshtmand","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2394","url":null,"abstract":"Tin oxide (SnO2) is used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells with a planar structure due to its good transparency and energy level alignment with the perovskite layer. The modification interface of the electron transport layer and the perovskite absorber layer plays an important role in the efficient charge extraction process at the interface. In this study, planar perovskite solar cells with configuration (FTO/SnO2/mixed-cation perovskite/CuInS2/Au) were prepared to investigate the effect of UV-Ozone (UVO) treated SnO2 as ETL on the performance of devices. ETL treatment was performed at different times (0 to 60 min). It is shown that surface wetting was improved by UVO treating the SnO2 films prior to deposition of the perovskite layer. The latter improves the contact between the ETL and the perovskite layer, allowing more efficient electron transport at the interface. Contact angle, SEM, photoluminescence spectra, and the current density-voltage tests were conducted to characterize the photovoltaic of the cells. The best PSC performance with a power conversion efficiency of 10.96% was achieved using UVO-treated SnO2 ETL for 30 min, whereas the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells with SnO2 ETL without UVO treatment was only 4.34%.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45844344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Al-Reyahi, Salem Yahya Degs, A. Issa, Z. Khattari, Mohammed Abu Al Sayyed
The structural properties of a natural clay sample (51% kaolinite) were tailored to suit specific applications. H2SO4 and NaOH (1.0 M) treatment caused structural alterations and a significant release of Al ions compared to Si ions. Chemical treatment caused structural alterations, according to XRD analysis. FTIR analysis also indicated higher density of polar surface groups upon treatment which affected the corresponding dielectric behavior. Dielectric measurements showed their suitability in the frequency dependent dialectical insulator applications. Acid treated kaolinite was a promising dielectric at 10 and 1000 Hz. With appropriate mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of 12.098-12.182 cm2/g and a high half value layer of 10 cm at 10 keV, kaolinite and other treated forms were adequate to act shielding material.
{"title":"Assessment of Structure, Dielectric and Gamma-Shielding Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Kaolinitic Clay","authors":"A. Al-Reyahi, Salem Yahya Degs, A. Issa, Z. Khattari, Mohammed Abu Al Sayyed","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2114","url":null,"abstract":"The structural properties of a natural clay sample (51% kaolinite) were tailored to suit specific applications. H2SO4 and NaOH (1.0 M) treatment caused structural alterations and a significant release of Al ions compared to Si ions. Chemical treatment caused structural alterations, according to XRD analysis. FTIR analysis also indicated higher density of polar surface groups upon treatment which affected the corresponding dielectric behavior. Dielectric measurements showed their suitability in the frequency dependent dialectical insulator applications. Acid treated kaolinite was a promising dielectric at 10 and 1000 Hz. With appropriate mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of 12.098-12.182 cm2/g and a high half value layer of 10 cm at 10 keV, kaolinite and other treated forms were adequate to act shielding material.","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45186820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yemurai Vengesa, A. Fattah‐alhosseini, H. Elmkhah, O. Imantalab
The main purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of post-deposition annealing treatment on the electrochemical behavior of TiN coating developed on AISI 304 stainless steel substrate using cathodic arc evaporation physical vapor deposition (CAE-PVD). Post-annealing treatment at 400oC was performed on the coated substrate for 1 h. The studied samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The preferred orientation of TiN (111) was verified by XRD patterns. The crystallinity of the coating was increased after annealing treatment. SEM observations indicated that TiN coatings free of cracks were developed on the substrate. The electrochemical measurements elucidated that the annealed coating had better corrosion resistance compared to that of the as-deposited coating with a lower current corrosion density. This investigation implies that improved corrosion performance of the TiN coating can achieved by performing post-deposition annealing
{"title":"Effects of the Post-deposition Annealing Treatment on the Electrochemical Behavior of TiN Coating Deposited by CAE-PVD Method","authors":"Yemurai Vengesa, A. Fattah‐alhosseini, H. Elmkhah, O. Imantalab","doi":"10.22068/IJMSE.2384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22068/IJMSE.2384","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of post-deposition annealing treatment on the electrochemical behavior of TiN coating developed on AISI 304 stainless steel substrate using cathodic arc evaporation physical vapor deposition (CAE-PVD). Post-annealing treatment at 400oC was performed on the coated substrate for 1 h. The studied samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The preferred orientation of TiN (111) was verified by XRD patterns. The crystallinity of the coating was increased after annealing treatment. SEM observations indicated that TiN coatings free of cracks were developed on the substrate. The electrochemical measurements elucidated that the annealed coating had better corrosion resistance compared to that of the as-deposited coating with a lower current corrosion density. This investigation implies that improved corrosion performance of the TiN coating can achieved by performing post-deposition annealing","PeriodicalId":14603,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48852241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umarfarooq Maktedar Abdulkhadar, Patil Somalingana Shivakumar Gouda, A. Shirahatti, G. Kumar, N. Banapurmath
The energy release rate for delamination in a laminated composite is supposed to be the material property being considered as independent of non-material property variables. However, Mode I fracture toughness (GI) is found to vary with lamina arrangement, geometrical dimensions, and process-induced stresses. In this investigation, the influence of lamina stacking arrangement on process-induced stresses and their effects on GI of laminated composites are studied. Unidirectional (UD) ([0]16) and cross-ply ([902/06]s, [904/04]s, and [906/02]s) glass/ epoxy (GE) composites with the delamination plane at 0◦//0◦ were prepared by manual layup method and post-cured at 120°C for 4 hours. GI of composite laminates were experimentally determined using a double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen as per ASTM D 5528. The slitting method was applied to determine the process-induced stresses in GE laminates. The stacking sequence of laminas was found to have a noticeable effect on the state of residual stresses and GI of GE laminates. Residual stresses do not have much influence on the GI for delamination initiation, whereas GI for the crack propagation was found to increase with a gradual increase in compressive residual stresses
层压复合材料中分层的能量释放率被认为是与非材料性质变量无关的材料性质。然而，发现I型断裂韧性（GI）随薄板排列、几何尺寸和工艺诱导应力而变化。在本研究中，研究了叠层排列对层合复合材料过程诱导应力的影响及其对GI的影响。单向（UD）（[0]16）和交叉层（[902/06]s、[904/04]s和[906/02]s）玻璃/环氧树脂（GE）复合材料，分层平面为0◦//0◦ 通过手动铺层法制备，并在120°C下后固化4小时。根据ASTM D 5528，使用双悬臂梁（DCB）试样对复合材料层压板的GI进行实验测定。采用分切法测定了GE层压板的工艺应力。发现层压板的堆叠顺序对GE层压板的残余应力和GI状态有显著影响。残余应力对分层起始的GI没有太大影响，而发现裂纹扩展的GI随着压缩残余应力的逐渐增加而增加
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