Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2020.52303.1859
Akram Mahna, S. Firoozabadi, A. Atashi
Background: Over the last decades, there has been an increasing trend in using cell phones which are exposing us to Radio-Frequency (RF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field with various known and unknown biological effects. This protective study aimed to investigate the impact of environmental 217 Hz (as an ELF) magnetic fields generated by mobile phones on angiogenesis as an essential factor in tumor growth, in vitro and in vivo. Material and Methods: Magnetic fields with amplitudes of 0.5, 6, 22, 44, 65 & 159 µT were exposed on Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and proliferation and viability of cells were measured. 3D angiogenesis assay was done by culturing HUVEC-covered microbeads in collagen gel and counting the number of sprouting micro-vessels per microbead. The percent of CD31 positive areas in breast tumor tissues of mice was assessed in the in vivo study. Results: Results showed that some of the applied amplitudes could increase proliferation as well as the viability of HUVECs. Furthermore, 22 and 44 µT magnetic fields could significantly increase angiogenesis of breast tumor in mouse. Conclusions: There is a promoting effect from ELF magnetic fields generated by cell phones on the angiogenesis of tumors. It will be helpful if we recommend cancer patients not to be exposed to cell phones.
{"title":"Cell phone and breast cancer: The cell phone-generated pulsed 217Hz ELF magnetic field increases angiogenesis","authors":"Akram Mahna, S. Firoozabadi, A. Atashi","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2020.52303.1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2020.52303.1859","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the last decades, there has been an increasing trend in using cell phones which are exposing us to Radio-Frequency (RF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field with various known and unknown biological effects. This protective study aimed to investigate the impact of environmental 217 Hz (as an ELF) magnetic fields generated by mobile phones on angiogenesis as an essential factor in tumor growth, in vitro and in vivo. Material and Methods: Magnetic fields with amplitudes of 0.5, 6, 22, 44, 65 & 159 µT were exposed on Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and proliferation and viability of cells were measured. 3D angiogenesis assay was done by culturing HUVEC-covered microbeads in collagen gel and counting the number of sprouting micro-vessels per microbead. The percent of CD31 positive areas in breast tumor tissues of mice was assessed in the in vivo study. Results: Results showed that some of the applied amplitudes could increase proliferation as well as the viability of HUVECs. Furthermore, 22 and 44 µT magnetic fields could significantly increase angiogenesis of breast tumor in mouse. Conclusions: There is a promoting effect from ELF magnetic fields generated by cell phones on the angiogenesis of tumors. It will be helpful if we recommend cancer patients not to be exposed to cell phones.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48070706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2020.46707.1742
R. Fardid, H. Rezaei, F. Mirzadeh, M. Mosleh-Shirazi, M. Saeedimoghadam, S. Sina, S. Delavarifar, A. Salajegheh
Introduction: During angiography procedures, patients are particularly exposed to the primary beam while the cardiologist is irradiated by the scattered radiation arising from the table, surrounding equipment, and patient itself. Accordingly, the cardiologist’s dose is directly related to the patient dose. In the present study, the correlations between the patient's DAP and cardiologist dose are investigated by the Monte Carlo simulation method.Methods and Material: In this study, 25 cardiac angiography procedures were investigated. In each procedure, we recorded the DAP readings and the cardiologist dose as measured using an electronic personal dosimeter placed over the apron. Moreover, by using the MCNPX code, the DAP values and the dose received by the cardiologist in the chest region were calculated. For validation of the simulated spectrum, dosimetric measurements were made using a Farmer ionization chamber and a phantom. Results: The data from 18 simulations showed that there was a strong linear relationship (R2=0.71) between the two variables of cardiologist dose and patient DAP. Likewise, the obtained results of the dosimetry conducted on the patients in 25 cardiac angiography procedures revealed that there was a strong relationship (R2=0.78) between the two variables. Conclusions: The reported correlation rates express the proportionality of the physician radiation exposure with total patient’s DAP. With respect to the strong correlation coefficient obtained from the simulation method, it is recommended that this method should be verified by dosimetry. Our finding showed a linear relationship between the cardiologist dose and total dose of the patient. It is more important that the strong correlation coefficient obtained using the simulation method was confirmed by the measurements.
{"title":"Evaluation of the correlation between the dose-area product values and cardiologist dose during coronary angiography using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCNPX)","authors":"R. Fardid, H. Rezaei, F. Mirzadeh, M. Mosleh-Shirazi, M. Saeedimoghadam, S. Sina, S. Delavarifar, A. Salajegheh","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2020.46707.1742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2020.46707.1742","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During angiography procedures, patients are particularly exposed to the primary beam while the cardiologist is irradiated by the scattered radiation arising from the table, surrounding equipment, and patient itself. Accordingly, the cardiologist’s dose is directly related to the patient dose. In the present study, the correlations between the patient's DAP and cardiologist dose are investigated by the Monte Carlo simulation method.Methods and Material: In this study, 25 cardiac angiography procedures were investigated. In each procedure, we recorded the DAP readings and the cardiologist dose as measured using an electronic personal dosimeter placed over the apron. Moreover, by using the MCNPX code, the DAP values and the dose received by the cardiologist in the chest region were calculated. For validation of the simulated spectrum, dosimetric measurements were made using a Farmer ionization chamber and a phantom. Results: The data from 18 simulations showed that there was a strong linear relationship (R2=0.71) between the two variables of cardiologist dose and patient DAP. Likewise, the obtained results of the dosimetry conducted on the patients in 25 cardiac angiography procedures revealed that there was a strong relationship (R2=0.78) between the two variables. Conclusions: The reported correlation rates express the proportionality of the physician radiation exposure with total patient’s DAP. With respect to the strong correlation coefficient obtained from the simulation method, it is recommended that this method should be verified by dosimetry. Our finding showed a linear relationship between the cardiologist dose and total dose of the patient. It is more important that the strong correlation coefficient obtained using the simulation method was confirmed by the measurements.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47626186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2020.49211.1791
Sura Abdulkareem Madlool, S. S. Abdullah, H. Alabedi, Nabaa M. Alazawy, M. J. Al-Musawi, D. Saad, Ibrahim Al-nidawi, H. Ammar
Background: the Bilateral breast cancer cases are classified as a complex in radiotherapy treatment especially those with the left side mastectomy and right-side lumpectomy with left side supraclavicular lymph nodes patients. The purpose of this study is to find the optimum treatment planning technique among the three available techniques: 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT.Materials and Methods: Ten Bilateral breast cancer included in this study with left side mastectomy and right-side lumpectomy with left side supraclavicular lymph nodes. The cross-sectional clinical study conducted in Baghdad radiotherapy and nuclear medicine and Al-Andalus privet radiotherapy hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. The patients are delineated by oncologists and prepare for radiation planning by MONACO 5.1 treatment planning system (TPS) with an X-ray photon beam of 6 MV or 10 MV energy using ELEKTA’s Agility linear accelerator. The prescribed dose set at (4005 cCy per 15 fractions. Results: The treatment with 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT show a significant difference in the results. VMAT give high dose distribution for the left mastectomy breast and it’s regional supraclavicular lymph nodes while the IMRT gives a higher value for the right side breast with lumpectomy. The good homogeneity index acquired with IMRT while VMAT gives a better conformity index. The 3D-CRT planning technique lowers the dose tho the heart and lunges better than the other techniques.Conclusion: Depending on the patient health and stage, the optimum treatment planning applied. Generally, VMAT is the optimum treatment planning technique for the studied group of SBBC patients. IMRT give effective coverage results better than the 3D-CRT.
{"title":"Optimum Treatment Planning Technique Evaluation For Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer With Left Side Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes","authors":"Sura Abdulkareem Madlool, S. S. Abdullah, H. Alabedi, Nabaa M. Alazawy, M. J. Al-Musawi, D. Saad, Ibrahim Al-nidawi, H. Ammar","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2020.49211.1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2020.49211.1791","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the Bilateral breast cancer cases are classified as a complex in radiotherapy treatment especially those with the left side mastectomy and right-side lumpectomy with left side supraclavicular lymph nodes patients. The purpose of this study is to find the optimum treatment planning technique among the three available techniques: 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT.Materials and Methods: Ten Bilateral breast cancer included in this study with left side mastectomy and right-side lumpectomy with left side supraclavicular lymph nodes. The cross-sectional clinical study conducted in Baghdad radiotherapy and nuclear medicine and Al-Andalus privet radiotherapy hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. The patients are delineated by oncologists and prepare for radiation planning by MONACO 5.1 treatment planning system (TPS) with an X-ray photon beam of 6 MV or 10 MV energy using ELEKTA’s Agility linear accelerator. The prescribed dose set at (4005 cCy per 15 fractions. Results: The treatment with 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT show a significant difference in the results. VMAT give high dose distribution for the left mastectomy breast and it’s regional supraclavicular lymph nodes while the IMRT gives a higher value for the right side breast with lumpectomy. The good homogeneity index acquired with IMRT while VMAT gives a better conformity index. The 3D-CRT planning technique lowers the dose tho the heart and lunges better than the other techniques.Conclusion: Depending on the patient health and stage, the optimum treatment planning applied. Generally, VMAT is the optimum treatment planning technique for the studied group of SBBC patients. IMRT give effective coverage results better than the 3D-CRT.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41575846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2020.44031.1668
M. Mohebian, R. Pourimani
Introduction: Radionuclides found in foods are harmful to human health. Wheat and bean are among the most important food ingredients in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the specific activity of natural radionuclides in wheat and bean produced near the refinery complex plant. Material and Methods: In order to determine the specific activity of radionuclides, the gamma-ray spectrometry method was used employing a high-purity germanium detector with a relative efficiency of 80%. Results: Our findings showed that the specific activity of the 226Ra isotope of radium had the ranges <1.31-5.27 and <1-5.06 Bq/kg for wheat and bean samples, respectively. Moreover, the specific activity of the 232Th isotope of thorium was in the range of not detected (ND)-4.09 and ND-3.62 Bq/kg with the mean values of 2.19 and 2.69 Bq/kg for wheat and bean samples, respectively.The specific activity of the 40K isotope of potassium was obtained as 103.19-168.94 and 129.22-568.98 Bq/kg with the mean values of 142.21 and 458.37 Bq/kg for wheat and bean samples, respectively. The annual effective dose for wheat and bean intake was 0.11-0.52 and 0.02-0.18 mSv, respectively. Furthermore, the mean of excess lifetime cancer risk for wheat and bean samples was calculated as 1.06×10-3 and 0.11×10-3, respectively. The latter values are lower than the world average for bean samples. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the radiological parameters of wheat were higher than the global average and reference value, which may be due to ash dispersion in this area. For bean, these parameters were lower than the mean value. As a result, it could be concluded that bean is not considered as a threat to consumer health.
{"title":"Specific Activity and Radiation Hazard of Radionuclides in Wheat and Bean Produced Near Shazand, Iran","authors":"M. Mohebian, R. Pourimani","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2020.44031.1668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2020.44031.1668","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Radionuclides found in foods are harmful to human health. Wheat and bean are among the most important food ingredients in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the specific activity of natural radionuclides in wheat and bean produced near the refinery complex plant. \u0000Material and Methods: In order to determine the specific activity of radionuclides, the gamma-ray spectrometry method was used employing a high-purity germanium detector with a relative efficiency of 80%. \u0000Results: Our findings showed that the specific activity of the 226Ra isotope of radium had the ranges <1.31-5.27 and <1-5.06 Bq/kg for wheat and bean samples, respectively. Moreover, the specific activity of the 232Th isotope of thorium was in the range of not detected (ND)-4.09 and ND-3.62 Bq/kg with the mean values of 2.19 and 2.69 Bq/kg for wheat and bean samples, respectively.The specific activity of the 40K isotope of potassium was obtained as 103.19-168.94 and 129.22-568.98 Bq/kg with the mean values of 142.21 and 458.37 Bq/kg for wheat and bean samples, respectively. The annual effective dose for wheat and bean intake was 0.11-0.52 and 0.02-0.18 mSv, respectively. Furthermore, the mean of excess lifetime cancer risk for wheat and bean samples was calculated as 1.06×10-3 and 0.11×10-3, respectively. The latter values are lower than the world average for bean samples. \u0000Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the radiological parameters of wheat were higher than the global average and reference value, which may be due to ash dispersion in this area. For bean, these parameters were lower than the mean value. As a result, it could be concluded that bean is not considered as a threat to consumer health.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":"394-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46386207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2019.43393.1656
Golnaz Barzgarnezhad, A. E. Torshabi
Introduction: Cadmium zinc telluride has recently been used as a compound semiconductor detector in a wide range of fields. The current study is a comprehensive investigation of the performance of this detector against the photon beam. Moreover, a comparative study was carried out with other common detectors using the Mote Carlo code by the implementation of the same strategy. Material and Methods: During the simulation by FLUKA code, a number of photons were regarded as primary particles. It is attractive to trace each incident photon uniquely considering all possible collisions and produced secondary particles at the microdosimetry scale. In the current study, the coordinate of three-dimensional collisions location was realized at detector sensitive volume. Moreover, energy deposition was considered at each unique collision and through all interactions, totally. In addition, the physical concepts of photon interaction with detector volume were assessed, numerically. Furthermore, the effect of gold foils implemented as electrode at both sides of the detector was taken into account. Results: The obtained results indicated the context of photoelectric and Compton scattering in photon interactions with CZT, including the number of interactions, the deposited energy, and three-dimensional collision coordinate, while the latter case is proposed as a new achievement. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the performance of this detector can be improved by changing material fraction and detector dimension to achieve optimum efficiency. In addition, the comparative results demonstrated that the efficiency of CZT covered by gold electrodes is superior to other common available semi-conductor detectors.
{"title":"Response of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Compound Semi-Conductor Detector against Gamma Photons by Efficiency Calculation: A Microdosimetry Simulation Study","authors":"Golnaz Barzgarnezhad, A. E. Torshabi","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2019.43393.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2019.43393.1656","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cadmium zinc telluride has recently been used as a compound semiconductor detector in a wide range of fields. The current study is a comprehensive investigation of the performance of this detector against the photon beam. Moreover, a comparative study was carried out with other common detectors using the Mote Carlo code by the implementation of the same strategy. Material and Methods: During the simulation by FLUKA code, a number of photons were regarded as primary particles. It is attractive to trace each incident photon uniquely considering all possible collisions and produced secondary particles at the microdosimetry scale. In the current study, the coordinate of three-dimensional collisions location was realized at detector sensitive volume. Moreover, energy deposition was considered at each unique collision and through all interactions, totally. In addition, the physical concepts of photon interaction with detector volume were assessed, numerically. Furthermore, the effect of gold foils implemented as electrode at both sides of the detector was taken into account. Results: The obtained results indicated the context of photoelectric and Compton scattering in photon interactions with CZT, including the number of interactions, the deposited energy, and three-dimensional collision coordinate, while the latter case is proposed as a new achievement. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the performance of this detector can be improved by changing material fraction and detector dimension to achieve optimum efficiency. In addition, the comparative results demonstrated that the efficiency of CZT covered by gold electrodes is superior to other common available semi-conductor detectors.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":"359-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48383626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2019.42755.1639
Y. R. Moghaddam, L. R. Motavalli, S. H. Miri-Hakimabad, E. Hoseinian-Azghadi
Introduction: the present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for breast cancer (BC) incidence during pregnancy. Material and Methods: Computational models of pregnant women at 3- and 6- month gestational ages were used with two different simulated tumors in their left breasts. The Monte Carlo simulation of tumor irradiation by thermal and epithermal output beams of in-hospital neutron irradiator was performed in five directions. The optimum treatment plans as a combination of the irradiation directions and output beams were then assessed using an optimization code. Results: Based on the findings of the present study, the total irradiation time of ≤ 10 min was needed to deliver a prescribed dose of RX = 24.4 Gy-Eq to gross tumor volume (GTV) in a BNCT single fraction. The dosimetric properties and volume metrics of the optimized treatment plans were obtained and the dose-volume histogram (DVH)-based metrics, were compared to those from conventional radiotherapy. It has been shown that the dose to both target volume and organs at risk (OARs) were within clinically acceptable dose constraints throughout the course of a single- fraction BNCT. Moreover, the fetal dose (~4.8 mGy-Eq) was well below the threshold for secondary cancer incidence (10 mGy) in the first trimester of pregnancy, while for the second trimester of pregnancy, it was much higher (~35.5 mGy-Eq). Conclusion: Regarding the DVH metrics for GTV, maternal OARs, and the fetus, the studied treatment modality was an appropriate alternative treatment, especially for BC incidence in the first trimester of pregnancy.
{"title":"Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Breast Cancer during Pregnancy: A Feasibility Study","authors":"Y. R. Moghaddam, L. R. Motavalli, S. H. Miri-Hakimabad, E. Hoseinian-Azghadi","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2019.42755.1639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2019.42755.1639","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: the present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for breast cancer (BC) incidence during pregnancy. Material and Methods: Computational models of pregnant women at 3- and 6- month gestational ages were used with two different simulated tumors in their left breasts. The Monte Carlo simulation of tumor irradiation by thermal and epithermal output beams of in-hospital neutron irradiator was performed in five directions. The optimum treatment plans as a combination of the irradiation directions and output beams were then assessed using an optimization code. Results: Based on the findings of the present study, the total irradiation time of ≤ 10 min was needed to deliver a prescribed dose of RX = 24.4 Gy-Eq to gross tumor volume (GTV) in a BNCT single fraction. The dosimetric properties and volume metrics of the optimized treatment plans were obtained and the dose-volume histogram (DVH)-based metrics, were compared to those from conventional radiotherapy. It has been shown that the dose to both target volume and organs at risk (OARs) were within clinically acceptable dose constraints throughout the course of a single- fraction BNCT. Moreover, the fetal dose (~4.8 mGy-Eq) was well below the threshold for secondary cancer incidence (10 mGy) in the first trimester of pregnancy, while for the second trimester of pregnancy, it was much higher (~35.5 mGy-Eq). Conclusion: Regarding the DVH metrics for GTV, maternal OARs, and the fetus, the studied treatment modality was an appropriate alternative treatment, especially for BC incidence in the first trimester of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42194508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2019.38832.1508
Jaimin Gamit, S. Rao, N. Jyothi, S. Nair, Shambhavi Charan, R. Dsouza, Krishan Sharan, Srinidhi G. Chandraguthi
Introduction: Elekta Versa HD linear accelerator is equipped with a universal wedge filter which is a single large physical wedge driven by motors; in other words, motorized wedge. It provides a nominal wedge isodose angle of 60° for the field size of 30×40 sq. cm. Motorized wedge isodose distribution generated is a combination of open and wedged beam segments. With this background in mind, the present study aimed to validate the planned wedge effective isodose angle. Material and Methods: The current study validated the planned wedge effective isodose angle for 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° with 6MV and 15MV for 10x10 sq. cm and 20x20 sq. cm field size. To this end, an analytical formula was applied against a 2D array detector using PTW MultiCheck software. Results: As illustrated by the obtained results, the calculated, measured, and planned wedge effective isodose angle in this work represented a maximum deviation from its pre-set angle (a nominal wedge angle) of 9° for a 6MV photon energy and 5° for 15MV for field sizes of 10×10 sq. cm and 20×20 sq. cm. Conclusion: In the present study, we validated the planned wedge effective isodose angle for field sizes of 10x10sq. cm and 20x20sq. cm for 6MV and 15MV photon energies using an analytical method and 2D array detector with a reasonable agreement.
{"title":"Validation of Motorized Wedge Effective Isodose Angle with a 2D Array Detector","authors":"Jaimin Gamit, S. Rao, N. Jyothi, S. Nair, Shambhavi Charan, R. Dsouza, Krishan Sharan, Srinidhi G. Chandraguthi","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2019.38832.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2019.38832.1508","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Elekta Versa HD linear accelerator is equipped with a universal wedge filter which is a single large physical wedge driven by motors; in other words, motorized wedge. It provides a nominal wedge isodose angle of 60° for the field size of 30×40 sq. cm. Motorized wedge isodose distribution generated is a combination of open and wedged beam segments. With this background in mind, the present study aimed to validate the planned wedge effective isodose angle. \u0000Material and Methods: The current study validated the planned wedge effective isodose angle for 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° with 6MV and 15MV for 10x10 sq. cm and 20x20 sq. cm field size. To this end, an analytical formula was applied against a 2D array detector using PTW MultiCheck software. \u0000Results: As illustrated by the obtained results, the calculated, measured, and planned wedge effective isodose angle in this work represented a maximum deviation from its pre-set angle (a nominal wedge angle) of 9° for a 6MV photon energy and 5° for 15MV for field sizes of 10×10 sq. cm and 20×20 sq. cm. \u0000Conclusion: In the present study, we validated the planned wedge effective isodose angle for field sizes of 10x10sq. cm and 20x20sq. cm for 6MV and 15MV photon energies using an analytical method and 2D array detector with a reasonable agreement.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":"380-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2019.43270.1655
P. Mohandass, D. Khanna, A. Selvaganapathi, B. Nishaanth, C. Saravanan, T. Thiyagaraj, N. Bhalla, A. Puri, Blessy Mohandass
Introduction: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is an advanced technique used for radiotherapy treatment using different optimization modes. The present study aimed to evaluate Multi-criteria Optimization (MCO) influence on VMAT for Craniospinal Irradiation. Material and Methods: Fifteen CSI patients treated with 23.4 Gy/13 fractions followed by a boost dose of 6-MV flattening filter-free beams were chosen for this study. Conventional VMAT (c-VMAT) plans were generated for Elekta Versa HD™ linear accelerator. Keeping all other parameters constant, c-VMAT plans combined with MCO (MCO-VMAT) were created for comparison. We compared homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage (D98%), organ at risk (OAR) dose, normal tissue integral dose (NTID), volume receiving ≥ 5 Gy and ≥ 10 Gy by normal tissue, delivery time (DT), monitor units (MUs), and calculation time (CT). Results: Our findings demonstrated that HI and CI improved slightly in MCO-VMAT, in comparison with c-VMAT (P>0.05). No significant dose difference was observed in D98% for PTV and volume receiving the dose of ≥ 5 Gy, ≥ 10 Gy, and NTID (P>0.05). A slight increase was found in maximum dose to PTV in VMAT-MCO, compared to c-VMAT (P>0.05). The mean dose, max dose, and dose received by OAR were significantly lower in VMAT-MCO as compared to c-VMAT (p 0.05). Conclusion: The MCO-VMAT can be used for CSI, without compromising target coverage, reduced OAR dose by accepting a slight increase of MUs, delivery and calculation time as compare to c-VMAT.
{"title":"Impact of Multi-criteria Optimization on 6-MV Flattening Filter-Free Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Craniospinal Irradiation","authors":"P. Mohandass, D. Khanna, A. Selvaganapathi, B. Nishaanth, C. Saravanan, T. Thiyagaraj, N. Bhalla, A. Puri, Blessy Mohandass","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2019.43270.1655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2019.43270.1655","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is an advanced technique used for radiotherapy treatment using different optimization modes. The present study aimed to evaluate Multi-criteria Optimization (MCO) influence on VMAT for Craniospinal Irradiation. Material and Methods: Fifteen CSI patients treated with 23.4 Gy/13 fractions followed by a boost dose of 6-MV flattening filter-free beams were chosen for this study. Conventional VMAT (c-VMAT) plans were generated for Elekta Versa HD™ linear accelerator. Keeping all other parameters constant, c-VMAT plans combined with MCO (MCO-VMAT) were created for comparison. We compared homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage (D98%), organ at risk (OAR) dose, normal tissue integral dose (NTID), volume receiving ≥ 5 Gy and ≥ 10 Gy by normal tissue, delivery time (DT), monitor units (MUs), and calculation time (CT). Results: Our findings demonstrated that HI and CI improved slightly in MCO-VMAT, in comparison with c-VMAT (P>0.05). No significant dose difference was observed in D98% for PTV and volume receiving the dose of ≥ 5 Gy, ≥ 10 Gy, and NTID (P>0.05). A slight increase was found in maximum dose to PTV in VMAT-MCO, compared to c-VMAT (P>0.05). The mean dose, max dose, and dose received by OAR were significantly lower in VMAT-MCO as compared to c-VMAT (p 0.05). Conclusion: The MCO-VMAT can be used for CSI, without compromising target coverage, reduced OAR dose by accepting a slight increase of MUs, delivery and calculation time as compare to c-VMAT.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":"386-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2019.42926.1648
S. Moey, Najwa Athirah Hazri, Norfariha Che Mohamed
Introduction: In the Swimmer’s view, the C6 and C7 can be visualized as superimposed on the shoulders. This study aimed to explore the technique to demonstrate C1 to C7 in the lateral spine and improve the diagnostic value in that region. Material and Methods: An experimental study was carried out using a RANDO phantom to obtain images of the lateral cervical spine. Twelve radiographs were taken using different kVps at different centering points. The image quality of the radiographs was evaluated by two radiographers using the modified image quality criteria score sheet adapted from the Commission of European Communities on image quality. A dose area product meter was utilized to estimate the entrance surface dose (ESD); however, CALDose_X5 Monte Carlo software was used to estimate the effective dose. Results: The findings indicated that a higher centering point at 2 inches above the pinna of the ear can clearly visualize the lower cervical spine (C6/C7) and cervicothoracic junction (C7/T1). The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences (p 0.05) in the ESD between different utilized centering points. The effective dose of the modified technique was reported to be lower, compared to that for the Swimmer’s view. Conclusion: The modified lateral technique can be used to replace the Swimmer’s view to adequately demonstrate the lower cervical spine and cervicothoracic junction with a lower radiation dose while not harming the patient due to movement during positioning.
{"title":"Modified Technique for the Visualization of C6/C7 in Lateral Cervical Spine Radiography","authors":"S. Moey, Najwa Athirah Hazri, Norfariha Che Mohamed","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2019.42926.1648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2019.42926.1648","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the Swimmer’s view, the C6 and C7 can be visualized as superimposed on the shoulders. This study aimed to explore the technique to demonstrate C1 to C7 in the lateral spine and improve the diagnostic value in that region. Material and Methods: An experimental study was carried out using a RANDO phantom to obtain images of the lateral cervical spine. Twelve radiographs were taken using different kVps at different centering points. The image quality of the radiographs was evaluated by two radiographers using the modified image quality criteria score sheet adapted from the Commission of European Communities on image quality. A dose area product meter was utilized to estimate the entrance surface dose (ESD); however, CALDose_X5 Monte Carlo software was used to estimate the effective dose. Results: The findings indicated that a higher centering point at 2 inches above the pinna of the ear can clearly visualize the lower cervical spine (C6/C7) and cervicothoracic junction (C7/T1). The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences (p 0.05) in the ESD between different utilized centering points. The effective dose of the modified technique was reported to be lower, compared to that for the Swimmer’s view. Conclusion: The modified lateral technique can be used to replace the Swimmer’s view to adequately demonstrate the lower cervical spine and cervicothoracic junction with a lower radiation dose while not harming the patient due to movement during positioning.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":"421-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48839198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.22038/IJMP.2019.42941.1652
E. Eldebawy, Y. Rashed, M. AlKhaldi, E. Day
Introduction: The study was conducted to compare volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Material and Methods: Ten computed tomography (CT) scans were selected and for each CT scan, two plans were calculated (IMRT and VMAT). The average cumulative dose-volume histograms of VMAT plans for the planning target volumes (PTVs), organs at risk (OARs), and normal tissues were calculated and compared with those reported for the corresponding IMRT technique. Results: Target coverage was equivalent for both techniques. For primary PTV, the average homogeneity index (HI) of IMRT was significantly lower than the VMAT plans (0.10±0.04 vs. 0.11±0.03; p <0.0001). The average conformity index (CI) values for IMRT and VMAT were 1.21 and 1.12, respectively, with a nonsignificant trend for better results with VMAT (p =0.1). For the PTV boost, there was a nonsignificant trend for better results with VMAT in average HI and CI. The VMAT was superior to IMRT in OAR sparing. For monitor units (MUs), VMAT plans required 70% less MUs than IMRT. Conclusion: For LARC patients, VMAT was able to deliver treatment plans dosimetrically equivalent to IMRT in terms of PTV coverage. The VMAT provided better OAR sparing and significant reduction of MUs in comparison to IMRT.
{"title":"A Dosimetric Comparison of Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma","authors":"E. Eldebawy, Y. Rashed, M. AlKhaldi, E. Day","doi":"10.22038/IJMP.2019.42941.1652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJMP.2019.42941.1652","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The study was conducted to compare volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Material and Methods: Ten computed tomography (CT) scans were selected and for each CT scan, two plans were calculated (IMRT and VMAT). The average cumulative dose-volume histograms of VMAT plans for the planning target volumes (PTVs), organs at risk (OARs), and normal tissues were calculated and compared with those reported for the corresponding IMRT technique. Results: Target coverage was equivalent for both techniques. For primary PTV, the average homogeneity index (HI) of IMRT was significantly lower than the VMAT plans (0.10±0.04 vs. 0.11±0.03; p <0.0001). The average conformity index (CI) values for IMRT and VMAT were 1.21 and 1.12, respectively, with a nonsignificant trend for better results with VMAT (p =0.1). For the PTV boost, there was a nonsignificant trend for better results with VMAT in average HI and CI. The VMAT was superior to IMRT in OAR sparing. For monitor units (MUs), VMAT plans required 70% less MUs than IMRT. Conclusion: For LARC patients, VMAT was able to deliver treatment plans dosimetrically equivalent to IMRT in terms of PTV coverage. The VMAT provided better OAR sparing and significant reduction of MUs in comparison to IMRT.","PeriodicalId":14613,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":"374-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43172081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：