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2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)最新文献

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Cloud-Based Collision-Aware Energy-Minimization Vehicle Velocity Optimization 基于云的碰撞感知能量最小化车辆速度优化
Chenxi Qiu, Haiying Shen
In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to reducing vehicles' energy consumption through optimizing their velocities. However, all previous methods neglect avoiding vehicle collision when calculating vehicles' optimal velocity profiles. In this paper, we formulate a new problem, called the Collision-Aware vehicle Energy consumption Minimization (CAEM) problem that calculates the optimal velocity profiles which avoid vehicle collision. CAEM is more difficult to solve than the traditional velocity optimization problem that is for a single vehicle, since CAEM needs to take into account the mobility of all the vehicles together to avoid collision. This problem is a convex problem that cannot be directly solved by existing methods. Further, it is impractical to get the mobility information of all vehicles at the beginning. Even if it is feasible, the computation efficiency is very low. We propose a novel method that can tackle these challenges. In order to keep each vehicle velocity as stable as possible to reduce the energy consumption, it builds a light schematic map to help identify the green light time interval of each traffic light in the source-destination route of a vehicle, during which the vehicle must drive through the traffic light. Rather than considering the mobility of all vehicles at a time, it calculates each vehicle's velocity profile in sequence based on the starting time to prevent the vehicle from colliding with all the previously scheduled vehicles. Finally, CAEM is transformed to non-convex problem and can be solved by existing optimization methods. Simulation and real-world testbed experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method over the previous methods.
近年来,人们致力于通过优化车速来降低汽车的能耗。然而,在计算车辆最优速度曲线时,以往的方法都忽略了避免车辆碰撞。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的问题,称为碰撞感知车辆能量消耗最小化(CAEM)问题,计算避免车辆碰撞的最优速度分布。CAEM比传统的单车辆速度优化问题更难求解,因为CAEM需要考虑所有车辆的共同机动性,以避免碰撞。这个问题是一个凸问题,现有的方法不能直接解决。此外,一开始就得到所有车辆的移动信息是不现实的。即使可行,计算效率也很低。我们提出了一种可以解决这些挑战的新方法。为了使每辆车的速度尽可能稳定,以减少能耗,建立了一个照明示意图,帮助确定车辆源-目的地路线上每个交通灯的绿灯时间间隔,在此期间车辆必须通过交通灯。它不是一次考虑所有车辆的移动性,而是根据开始时间顺序计算每辆车的速度曲线,以防止车辆与之前计划的所有车辆发生碰撞。最后,将CAEM问题转化为非凸问题,用现有的优化方法求解。仿真和实际试验台的实验结果表明,该方法的性能优于以往的方法。
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引用次数: 2
RF-Brush: 3D Human-Computer Interaction via Linear Tag Array RF-Brush:基于线性标签阵列的三维人机交互
Yinyin Gong, Lei Xie, Chuyu Wang, Yanling Bu, Sanglu Lu
Nowadays, novel approaches of 3D human-computer interaction have enabled the capability of manipulating in the 3D space rather than 2D space. For example, Microsoft Surface Pen leverages the embedded sensors to sense the 3D manipulations, such as inclining the pen to get bolder handwriting. In this paper, we propose RF-Brush, a battery-free and light-weight solution for 3D human-computer interaction based on RFID, by simply attaching a linear RFID tag array onto the linear shaped object like a brush. RF-Brush senses the 3D orientation and 2D movement of the linear shaped object, when the human subject is drawing with this object in the 3D space. Here, the 3D orientation refers to the relative orientation of the linear shaped object to the operating plane, whereas the 2D movement refers to the moving trace in the 2D operating plane. In this way, we are able to transform an ordinary linear shaped object like a brush or pen to an intelligent HCI device. Particularly, we build two geometric models to depict the relationship between the RF-signal and the 3D orientation as well as 2D movement, respectively. Based on the geometric model, we propose the linear tag array-based HCI solution, implemented a prototype system, and evaluated the performance in real environment. The experiments show that RF-Brush achieves an average error of 5.7° and 8.6° of elevation and azimuthal angle, respectively, and an average error of 3.8cm and 4.2cm in movement tracking along X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. Moreover, RF-Brush achieves 89% in letter recognition accuracy.
如今,新的三维人机交互方法使得在三维空间而不是二维空间操作的能力成为可能。例如,微软Surface Pen利用嵌入式传感器来感知3D操作,例如倾斜笔以获得更大胆的笔迹。在本文中,我们提出了RF-Brush,这是一种基于RFID的无电池轻量级3D人机交互解决方案,只需将线性RFID标签阵列附加到线性形状的物体上,如刷子。当人体主体在三维空间中使用线性形状的物体进行绘图时,RF-Brush可以感知该物体的三维方向和二维运动。其中,三维方向是指线形物体相对于操作平面的相对方向,二维运动是指在二维操作平面内的运动轨迹。通过这种方式,我们可以将普通的线形物体,如画笔或笔,转变为智能HCI设备。特别地,我们建立了两个几何模型来分别描述射频信号与三维方向和二维运动之间的关系。基于几何模型,提出了基于线性标签阵列的HCI解决方案,实现了原型系统,并在实际环境中对其性能进行了评估。实验表明,RF-Brush在俯仰角和方位角上的平均误差分别为5.7°和8.6°,在x轴和y轴运动跟踪上的平均误差分别为3.8cm和4.2cm。此外,RF-Brush的字母识别准确率达到89%。
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引用次数: 2
Improving Neighbor Discovery by Operating at the Quantum Scale 在量子尺度上改进邻居发现
Xiangyun Meng, Daniel Lin-Kit Wong, B. Leong, Zixiao Wang, Yabo Dong, Dongming Lu
Duty-cycling is generally adopted in existing sensor networks to reduce power consumption and these networks depend on neighbor discovery protocols to ensure that nodes wake up and discover each other. For different neighbor discovery protocols, the discovery latency is determined by two factors: the wake-sleep pattern and slot size. To the best of our knowledge, previous works on neighbor discovery have thus far been focused on improving the wake-sleep pattern. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which we can improve discovery latency by reducing the slot size. We found that by reducing the slot size, i.e., reducing the listening time in active slots, the collisions between beacons and synchronization between nodes become more severe, which can lead to discovery failures that are not predicted by existing theoretical models. We show that we can mitigate these effects by reducing the number of beacons and introducing randomization. We propose a new continuous-listening-based neighbor discovery algorithm called Spotlight. Our evaluations with a practical sensor testbed suggest that Spotlight can achieve a 50% reduction in discovery latency over existing state-of-the-art neighbor discovery protocols without increasing power consumption in existing sensor networks.
现有的传感器网络通常采用占空比来降低功耗,这些网络依靠邻居发现协议来保证节点的唤醒和发现。对于不同的邻居发现协议,发现延迟由两个因素决定:唤醒-睡眠模式和插槽大小。据我们所知,之前关于邻居发现的工作迄今为止都集中在改善觉醒-睡眠模式上。在本文中,我们研究了通过减小槽大小来改善发现延迟的程度。我们发现,通过减少插槽大小,即减少活动插槽的侦听时间,信标之间的碰撞和节点之间的同步变得更加严重,这可能导致现有理论模型无法预测的发现失败。我们表明,我们可以通过减少信标的数量和引入随机化来减轻这些影响。我们提出了一种新的基于连续侦听的邻居发现算法,称为Spotlight。我们对实际传感器测试平台的评估表明,与现有最先进的邻居发现协议相比,Spotlight可以在不增加现有传感器网络功耗的情况下将发现延迟减少50%。
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引用次数: 4
Quantifying the Reversibility of Protocol Format 量化协议格式的可逆性
Zhengguo Xu, Ling You, Hui Zheng
Protocol format reverse engineering aims to extract the protocol fields automatically without access to the protocol specification. Existing works focus on the methodology of deriving the protocol format efficiently, but neglect the relationship between the statistical characteristics of protocol data and the intrinsic properties of the protocol format. In this paper, we study two problems to see how the protocol specification affects the statistical properties, and how the latter affect the difficulty of format reverse analysis. Through empirical analysis of known protocols, we first verify the stationarity of protocol features, which is the stand for developing trace-based reverse methods. We study the position arrangement and value distribution of protocol fields, and investigate their influence on the statistical properties of the protocol format. Then we propose an HMP-based model of protocol data. Using this model, we define two quantitative indicators by protocol fields' structure and content to reflect the reversibility of protocol format: the field non-interlacing ratio and the field information variation. We apply the analysis of format reversibility to a number of typical realistic protocols. The results suggest that the fields of most protocols can be partially revealed, but there are also certain fields difficult for reverse analysis. The quantitative results can provide hints for improving protocol reverse engineering approaches.
协议格式逆向工程的目的是在不访问协议规范的情况下自动提取协议字段。现有的研究侧重于有效推导协议格式的方法,而忽略了协议数据的统计特征与协议格式内在属性之间的关系。本文研究了协议规范对统计特性的影响,以及统计特性对格式逆向分析难度的影响。通过对已知协议的实证分析,我们首先验证了协议特征的平稳性,这是开发基于跟踪的反向方法的基础。研究了协议字段的位置排列和值分布,并探讨了它们对协议格式统计性质的影响。然后提出了一种基于hmp的协议数据模型。利用该模型,我们根据协议字段的结构和内容定义了两个量化指标来反映协议格式的可逆性:字段非隔行率和字段信息变化。我们将格式可逆性分析应用于一些典型的现实协议。结果表明,大多数协议的字段可以部分揭示,但也有一些字段难以反向分析。定量结果可以为改进协议逆向工程方法提供提示。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Smartphone-Based Multi-modal Indoor Localization with Camera and WiFi Signal 利用摄像头和WiFi信号增强基于智能手机的室内多模式定位
Jing Xu, Yanchao Zhao, Jie Wu, Hongyan Qian
One of the major challenges in indoor localization is the matching difficulty and prediction accuracy of anchor points. In this work, we innovate in proposing a camera-based, sensorand WiFi-assisted, and easy-to-deploy system for localization. The proposed method is based on muliti-modal sensing to enhancing localization measurement. We implement a prototype with smartphones and commercial WiFi devices and evaluate it in distinct indoor environments. Experimental results show that the 85-percentile error is within 0.21m for indoor POIs that sheds light on sub-meter level localization.
室内定位的主要挑战之一是锚点的匹配难度和预测精度。在这项工作中,我们创新地提出了一种基于摄像头、传感器和wifi辅助的、易于部署的定位系统。提出了一种基于多模态感知的定位测量方法。我们使用智能手机和商用WiFi设备实现了一个原型,并在不同的室内环境中对其进行了评估。实验结果表明,室内点的85个百分位误差在0.21m以内,为亚米级定位提供了线索。
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引用次数: 1
Performance Evaluation of Rate Adaptation Algorithms in IEEE802.11p Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks IEEE802.11p异构车载网络中速率自适应算法的性能评价
A. Zekri, W. Jia
VANET is emerging as a new landscape of mobile ad-hoc networks to make the connected vehicles' projects a reality. The continuous connectivity in VANET is a huge challenge caused by the extremely dynamic network topology and the highly variable number of mobile nodes. Moreover, this specific network faces many challenges to define reliable protocols and mechanisms like rate adaptation schemes. The performance of different VANET applications like traffic management and multimedia delivery depends on the network throughput and the success ratio these networks can provide. Rate adaptation is the key method to maximize the throughput and to avoid performance network degradation by estimating the current channel qualities and deciding the best bitrate for the next frames. Although numerous data rate adaptation mechanisms are available for 802.11 WLANs standards, there is little work dedicated to the IEEE 802.11p rate adaptation in vehicular networks. In this paper, we evaluate and compare the available 802.11 wireless networks rate adaptation mechanisms in various vehicular scenarios to analyze their performance and understand their behavior under different conditions. Five mechanisms were selected to be compared using NS-3 simulations: Minstrel, AARF-CD, CARA, Onoe, and Ideal algorithm. The performance results show that Minstrel is the most stable algorithm since it performs better in dynamic and dense environments when compared with the other algorithms.
VANET正在成为移动自组织网络的新景观,使互联汽车项目成为现实。由于网络拓扑结构的高度动态性和移动节点数量的高度可变性,VANET中的连续连接是一个巨大的挑战。此外,这种特殊的网络在定义可靠的协议和机制(如速率适应方案)方面面临许多挑战。不同的VANET应用程序(如流量管理和多媒体交付)的性能取决于这些网络可以提供的网络吞吐量和成功率。速率自适应是通过估计当前信道质量和确定下一帧的最佳比特率来实现最大吞吐量和避免网络性能下降的关键方法。尽管802.11 wlan标准有许多数据速率自适应机制,但专用于车载网络的IEEE 802.11p速率自适应的工作很少。在本文中,我们评估和比较了各种车载场景下可用的802.11无线网络速率适应机制,以分析其性能并了解其在不同条件下的行为。采用NS-3模拟,选择Minstrel、AARF-CD、CARA、Onoe和Ideal算法五种机制进行比较。性能结果表明,Minstrel算法在动态和密集环境下的性能优于其他算法,是最稳定的算法。
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引用次数: 6
Theoretical Round Modification Fault Analysis on AEGIS-128 with Algebraic Techniques 基于代数技术的AEGIS-128理论圆修正故障分析
Fan Zhang, Xiaofei Dong, Xin-jie Zhao, Yidi Wang, Samiya Qureshi, Yiran Zhang, Xiaoxuan Lou, Yongkang Tang
This paper proposed an advanced round modification fault analysis (RMFA) at the theoretical level on AEGIS-128, which is one of seven finalists in CAESAR competition. First, we clarify our assumptions and simplifications on the attack model, focusing on the encryption security. Then, we emphasize the difficulty of applying vanilla RMFA to AEGIS-128 in the practical case. Finally we demonstrate our advanced fault analysis on AEGIS-128 using machine-solver based algebraic techniques. Our enhancement can be used to conquer the practical scenario which is difficult for vanilla RMFA. Simulation results show that when the fault is injected to the initialization phase and the number of rounds is reduced to one, two samples of injections can extract the whole 128 key bits within less than two hours. This work can also be extended to other versions such as AEGIS-256.
本文针对入围CAESAR竞赛的7台AEGIS-128,在理论层面提出了一种先进的轮修正故障分析(RMFA)方法。首先,我们对攻击模型进行了假设和简化,重点讨论了加密安全性。然后,我们强调了在实际情况下将香草RMFA应用于AEGIS-128的困难。最后,我们展示了基于机器求解器的代数技术在AEGIS-128上的高级故障分析。我们的增强可用于克服普通RMFA难以解决的实际场景。仿真结果表明,将故障注入到初始化阶段,将注入次数减少到1次,两次注入样本可以在不到2小时的时间内提取出全部128个密钥位。这项工作也可以扩展到其他版本,如AEGIS-256。
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引用次数: 1
Privacy Preserving and Cost Optimal Mobile Crowdsensing Using Smart Contracts on Blockchain 使用区块链智能合约的隐私保护和成本最优移动众测
Dimitris Chatzopoulos, Sujit Gujar, B. Faltings, P. Hui
The popularity and applicability of mobile crowdsensing applications are continuously increasing due to the widespread of mobile devices and their sensing and processing capabilities. However, we need to offer appropriate incentives to the mobile users who contribute their resources and preserve their privacy. Blockchain technologies enable semi-anonymous multi-party interactions and can be utilized in crowdsensing applications to maintain the privacy of the mobile users while ensuring first-rate crowdsensed data. In this work, we propose to use blockchain technologies and smart contracts to orchestrate the interactions between mobile crowdsensing providers and mobile users for the case of spatial crowdsensing, where mobile users need to be at specific locations to perform the tasks. Smart contracts, by operating as processes that are executed on the blockchain, are used to preserve users' privacy and make payments. Furthermore, for the assignment of the crowdsensing tasks to the mobile users, we design a truthful, cost-optimal auction that minimizes the payments from the crowdsensing providers to the mobile users. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed privacy preserving auction outperforms state-of-the-art proposals regarding cost by ten times for high numbers of mobile users and tasks.
由于移动设备及其感知和处理能力的广泛应用,移动众测应用的普及程度和适用性不断提高。然而,我们需要为那些贡献资源并保护隐私的移动用户提供适当的激励。区块链技术可实现半匿名多方交互,可用于众测应用,在保证一流的众测数据的同时,维护移动用户的隐私。在这项工作中,我们建议使用区块链技术和智能合约来协调移动众测提供商和移动用户之间的交互,以用于空间众测,其中移动用户需要在特定位置执行任务。智能合约作为在区块链上执行的流程来操作,用于保护用户的隐私并进行支付。此外,为了将众测任务分配给移动用户,我们设计了一个真实的、成本最优的拍卖,使众测提供商向移动用户支付的费用最小化。大量的实验结果表明,对于大量的移动用户和任务,所提出的隐私保护拍卖在成本方面优于最先进的提案十倍。
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引用次数: 55
期刊
2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)
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