Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2527
Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is a widely accepted method for most adrenal lesions. However, bilateral LA is performed less often than unilateral adrenalectomy. The most common indication for bilateral LA is adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, including persistent Cushing’s disease following unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery and ectopic ACTH syndrome. Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted to assess the indications, safety, efficacy, and outcomes for bilateral LA with the transabdominal lateral approach. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2004 and February 2022. During the study period, transperitoneal LA was performed on 279 patients, among whom, 258 cases were unilateral LA. Therefore, our analysis included 21 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic bilateral LA with the transabdominal lateral approach. The surgery indication, tumor side and weight, operation time, conversion to open surgery, need for an additional trocar, complications, hospital stay, and follow-up information were analyzed. Results: Indications of bilateral LA were refractory Cushing’s disease (n=14), occult ectopic primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (n=5), ACTH secretion (n=1), and bilateral pheochromocytoma (n=1). The mean operative time was 207.8±21.3 min, including repositioning time. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were seen in 3 (14%) and 4 (19%) patients, respectively. No conversion to open surgery was observed. Median hospital stay was 7 (range, 5-10) days and median follow-up was 81 (range, 55-94.5) months. Three patients died at 62, 64, and 88 months after adrenalectomy due to heart failure, renal failure, and myocardial infarction, respectively. No adrenal insufficiency or signs of recurrent hypercortisolism was observed. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that laparoscopic bilateral LA was safe and effective, allowing acceptable morbidity and hospital stay. The most common surgical indication was ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, followed by ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome. The lateral transperitoneal approach obtains an excellent anatomical view. In our series, operative time and conversion to open surgery rate were in line with the literature.
{"title":"Laparoscopic Bilateral Adrenalectomy with the Transabdominal Lateral Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2527","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is a widely accepted method for most adrenal lesions. However, bilateral LA is performed less often than unilateral adrenalectomy. The most common indication for bilateral LA is adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, including persistent Cushing’s disease following unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery and ectopic ACTH syndrome. Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted to assess the indications, safety, efficacy, and outcomes for bilateral LA with the transabdominal lateral approach. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2004 and February 2022. During the study period, transperitoneal LA was performed on 279 patients, among whom, 258 cases were unilateral LA. Therefore, our analysis included 21 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic bilateral LA with the transabdominal lateral approach. The surgery indication, tumor side and weight, operation time, conversion to open surgery, need for an additional trocar, complications, hospital stay, and follow-up information were analyzed. Results: Indications of bilateral LA were refractory Cushing’s disease (n=14), occult ectopic primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (n=5), ACTH secretion (n=1), and bilateral pheochromocytoma (n=1). The mean operative time was 207.8±21.3 min, including repositioning time. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were seen in 3 (14%) and 4 (19%) patients, respectively. No conversion to open surgery was observed. Median hospital stay was 7 (range, 5-10) days and median follow-up was 81 (range, 55-94.5) months. Three patients died at 62, 64, and 88 months after adrenalectomy due to heart failure, renal failure, and myocardial infarction, respectively. No adrenal insufficiency or signs of recurrent hypercortisolism was observed. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that laparoscopic bilateral LA was safe and effective, allowing acceptable morbidity and hospital stay. The most common surgical indication was ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, followed by ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome. The lateral transperitoneal approach obtains an excellent anatomical view. In our series, operative time and conversion to open surgery rate were in line with the literature.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2822
Background: The Corona pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease has become a trending topic in recent years. Moreover, microbial biofilms have received a lot of attention due to the problems they cause in industry and medicine. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the published documents concerning the Corona pandemic and microbial biofilms. Methods: Document review was performed in Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed databases; then, due to the publication of more documents in the Scopus database, information from this database was used for bibliographic analysis by VOSviewer and Rstudio. Results: The obtained results showed that the process of publishing documents increased during 2005-2022, and the type of documents mostly were articles (49%) and reviews (38%). Most published cases were in the field of medicine, immunology, and microbiology. Conclusion: Studies can be examined from three medical, environmental, and engineering perspectives. The structure and composition of biofilm, the interaction of microorganisms in biofilm, the investigation of the dental biofilm infection in the infected people and waste systems, as well as the use of engineered biofilms for virus isolation are among the recommended topics for further research.
背景：近年来，由 COVID-19 疾病引起的电晕大流行已成为一个热门话题。此外，微生物生物膜因其在工业和医学领域造成的问题而受到广泛关注。研究目的本研究旨在研究已发表的有关科罗娜大流行病和微生物生物膜的文献。研究方法在 Web of Science Core Collection、Scopus 和 PubMed 数据库中进行文献查阅；然后，由于 Scopus 数据库中发表的文献较多，使用 VOSviewer 和 Rstudio 对该数据库中的信息进行书目分析。结果结果表明，2005-2022 年间，文献发表量有所增加，文献类型以文章（49%）和综述（38%）居多。发表的病例大多涉及医学、免疫学和微生物学领域。结论研究可从医学、环境和工程学三个角度进行考察。生物膜的结构和组成、生物膜中微生物的相互作用、调查牙科生物膜在受感染人群和废物系统中的感染情况，以及利用工程生物膜进行病毒分离，都是值得推荐的进一步研究课题。
{"title":"Investigation of Microbial Biofilms during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2822","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Corona pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease has become a trending topic in recent years. Moreover, microbial biofilms have received a lot of attention due to the problems they cause in industry and medicine. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the published documents concerning the Corona pandemic and microbial biofilms. Methods: Document review was performed in Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed databases; then, due to the publication of more documents in the Scopus database, information from this database was used for bibliographic analysis by VOSviewer and Rstudio. Results: The obtained results showed that the process of publishing documents increased during 2005-2022, and the type of documents mostly were articles (49%) and reviews (38%). Most published cases were in the field of medicine, immunology, and microbiology. Conclusion: Studies can be examined from three medical, environmental, and engineering perspectives. The structure and composition of biofilm, the interaction of microorganisms in biofilm, the investigation of the dental biofilm infection in the infected people and waste systems, as well as the use of engineered biofilms for virus isolation are among the recommended topics for further research.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.1808
Background: At the close of 2019, the world faced a phenomenon that plunged all human beings into extreme fear and anxiety. A new type of coronavirus began to spread among people across the globe, and this was the beginning of one of the greatest pandemics and its associated problems in the world. People with COVID-19 have low psychological tolerance and are highly exposed to psychological disorders. One of the most important psychological disorders that can harm the mental health of people affected by COVID-19 is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the crisis intervention program in PTSD symptoms among people with COVID-19. Method: This applied experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with COVID-19 in Rasht, Iran, in 2019, of whom 30 people were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). The participants in the experimental group received 10 sessions of the crisis intervention program. Mississippi (2006) PTSD analogy (Scale) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups, demonstrating that the crisis intervention program was effective in PTSD (re-experience, withdrawal, numbness, arousal, and masochism) in COVID-19. The subjects in the experimental group had significantly less post-traumatic stress in the post-test group than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of crisis intervention programs can reduce PTSD in people with COVID-19. Therefore, it is recommended that psychologists use this therapeutic approach to reduce the psychological problems of people in crisis.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Crisis Intervention Program in Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.1808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.1808","url":null,"abstract":"Background: At the close of 2019, the world faced a phenomenon that plunged all human beings into extreme fear and anxiety. A new type of coronavirus began to spread among people across the globe, and this was the beginning of one of the greatest pandemics and its associated problems in the world. People with COVID-19 have low psychological tolerance and are highly exposed to psychological disorders. One of the most important psychological disorders that can harm the mental health of people affected by COVID-19 is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the crisis intervention program in PTSD symptoms among people with COVID-19. Method: This applied experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with COVID-19 in Rasht, Iran, in 2019, of whom 30 people were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). The participants in the experimental group received 10 sessions of the crisis intervention program. Mississippi (2006) PTSD analogy (Scale) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups, demonstrating that the crisis intervention program was effective in PTSD (re-experience, withdrawal, numbness, arousal, and masochism) in COVID-19. The subjects in the experimental group had significantly less post-traumatic stress in the post-test group than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of crisis intervention programs can reduce PTSD in people with COVID-19. Therefore, it is recommended that psychologists use this therapeutic approach to reduce the psychological problems of people in crisis.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2499
Background: Although hypoalbuminemia is a well-known predictor of postoperative complications, including surgical site infection (SSI) and anastomotic leakage (AL) in gastrointestinal surgery patients, which requires necessary interventions before surgery, there is limited opportunity for preoperative optimization and intervention in emergency colorectal surgeries. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between preoperative serum albumin levels and the development of SSI and AL in emergency colorectal surgery patients. Methods: In this cohort study, patients who underwent emergency colorectal surgery during 17 months, were assessed. Albumin level was measured before surgery, and patients were followed for 1 month after surgery to identify the development of SSI and AL. Results: In total, 173 patients were enrolled in the study, but data analysis was performed on 170 patients. They were divided into hypoalbuminemia group (n=98, 57.6%) and non-hypoalbuminemia group (n=72, 42.4%). The mean ages of patients in each group were 57.17±16.19 and 51.61±16.14 years old, respectively (P=0.028). The AL was observed in 4 (2.4 %) patients; 3 patients in the hypoalbuminemia group and one patient in the non-hypoalbuminemia group (P=0.205, relative risk=2.33, 95% CI: 0.42-12.82). The SSI was observed in 13 patients (7.6%) during the 1-month follow-up; 8 patients (5.1%) had superficial SSI and 5 (3.2%) had deep ones. Albumin level was significantly lower in patients with AL (2.9±0.48), compared to those without AL (3.6±0.7 g/dL). Moreover, albumin level was higher in patients with SSI (3.11±0.62), compared to patients without SSI (3.6±0.7 g/dL). The incidence of complications, either AL or SSI, was significantly higher in hypoalbuminemia patients, compared to non-hypoalbuminemia patients (P=0.017, Odds Ratio=4.24, 95% CI: 1.29-13.9). Adjusted OR for age was 3.82 (95% CI: 1.15-12.75, P=0.029); therefore, a 13.5% reduction in OR indicated that age is a confounding factor. Conclusion: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with post-development of complications in emergency colorectal surgery and older age and lower preoperative albumin levels may serve as valuable indicators for the identification of patients at higher risk of complications.
{"title":"Preoperative Hypoalbuminemia and Development of Surgical Site Infection and Anastomotic Leakage in Emergency Colorectal Surgery","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2499","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although hypoalbuminemia is a well-known predictor of postoperative complications, including surgical site infection (SSI) and anastomotic leakage (AL) in gastrointestinal surgery patients, which requires necessary interventions before surgery, there is limited opportunity for preoperative optimization and intervention in emergency colorectal surgeries. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between preoperative serum albumin levels and the development of SSI and AL in emergency colorectal surgery patients. Methods: In this cohort study, patients who underwent emergency colorectal surgery during 17 months, were assessed. Albumin level was measured before surgery, and patients were followed for 1 month after surgery to identify the development of SSI and AL. Results: In total, 173 patients were enrolled in the study, but data analysis was performed on 170 patients. They were divided into hypoalbuminemia group (n=98, 57.6%) and non-hypoalbuminemia group (n=72, 42.4%). The mean ages of patients in each group were 57.17±16.19 and 51.61±16.14 years old, respectively (P=0.028). The AL was observed in 4 (2.4 %) patients; 3 patients in the hypoalbuminemia group and one patient in the non-hypoalbuminemia group (P=0.205, relative risk=2.33, 95% CI: 0.42-12.82). The SSI was observed in 13 patients (7.6%) during the 1-month follow-up; 8 patients (5.1%) had superficial SSI and 5 (3.2%) had deep ones. Albumin level was significantly lower in patients with AL (2.9±0.48), compared to those without AL (3.6±0.7 g/dL). Moreover, albumin level was higher in patients with SSI (3.11±0.62), compared to patients without SSI (3.6±0.7 g/dL). The incidence of complications, either AL or SSI, was significantly higher in hypoalbuminemia patients, compared to non-hypoalbuminemia patients (P=0.017, Odds Ratio=4.24, 95% CI: 1.29-13.9). Adjusted OR for age was 3.82 (95% CI: 1.15-12.75, P=0.029); therefore, a 13.5% reduction in OR indicated that age is a confounding factor. Conclusion: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with post-development of complications in emergency colorectal surgery and older age and lower preoperative albumin levels may serve as valuable indicators for the identification of patients at higher risk of complications.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2618
Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is in the category of intractable cancers, has a low survival rate. It is essential to understand the pathophysiological pathways underlying its development to create powerful treatment alternatives for the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to classify gene expression data from SCLC and normal lung tissue and identify the key genes responsible for SCLC. Methods: This study used microarray expression data obtained from SCLC tissue and normal lung tissue (adjacent tissue) from 18 patients. An Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was established for the classification by five-fold cross-validation. Accuracy (AC), balanced accuracy (BAC), sensitivity (Sens), specificity (Spec), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and F1 scores were utilized for performance assessment. Results: AC, BAC, Sens, Spec, PPV, NPV, and F1 scores from the XGBoost model were 90%, 90%, 80%, 100%, 100%, 83.3%, and 88.9%, respectively. Based on variable importance values from the XGBoost, the HIST1H1E, C12orf56, DSTNP2, ADAMDEC1, and HMGB2 genes can be considered potential biomarkers for SCLC. Conclusion: A machine learning-based prediction method discovered genes that potentially serve as biomarkers for SCLC. After clinical confirmation of the acquired genes in the following medical study, their therapeutic use can be established in clinical practice.
{"title":"Machine Learning Model-based Detection of Potential Genetic Markers Associated with the Diagnosis of Small-cell Lung Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2618","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is in the category of intractable cancers, has a low survival rate. It is essential to understand the pathophysiological pathways underlying its development to create powerful treatment alternatives for the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to classify gene expression data from SCLC and normal lung tissue and identify the key genes responsible for SCLC. Methods: This study used microarray expression data obtained from SCLC tissue and normal lung tissue (adjacent tissue) from 18 patients. An Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was established for the classification by five-fold cross-validation. Accuracy (AC), balanced accuracy (BAC), sensitivity (Sens), specificity (Spec), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and F1 scores were utilized for performance assessment. Results: AC, BAC, Sens, Spec, PPV, NPV, and F1 scores from the XGBoost model were 90%, 90%, 80%, 100%, 100%, 83.3%, and 88.9%, respectively. Based on variable importance values from the XGBoost, the HIST1H1E, C12orf56, DSTNP2, ADAMDEC1, and HMGB2 genes can be considered potential biomarkers for SCLC. Conclusion: A machine learning-based prediction method discovered genes that potentially serve as biomarkers for SCLC. After clinical confirmation of the acquired genes in the following medical study, their therapeutic use can be established in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2649
Background: Up to now, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected and killed millions of people across the globe. In these conditions, Iran was experiencing the fifth wave of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accrued by the Delta variant, over the course of the present study. Objectives: The present study aimed to reflect on preventive behaviors, psychological distress, and their associated factors in Iranians during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak. Methods: Utilizing a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research design, this study was performed on 1,015 Iranian individuals referred to the comprehensive healthcare centers in Kashan, central Iran, selected via simple random sampling. Data collection tools included the sociodemographic information questionnaire, the Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19 Questionnaire (PBCQ), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: The study results revealed that the mean±standard deviation (SD) of PBCQ was 17.20±4.18 (12-36). In addition, involvement in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 was at higher levels in male (P=0.007), younger (P≤0.001), and self-employed (P=0.016) participants with a fair family economic status (P=0.007), as compared to other cases. Those receiving no vaccines (P=0.023), together with the subjects recently contracting COVID-19, also adhered to only some preventive behaviors (P≤0.001). The GHQ-12 mean±SD was equal to 2.15±2.41 (0-12). Moreover, the study results indicated that female (P=0.021) younger (P=0.017), married (P=0.024), self-employed (P=0.003) subjects with a fair or poor family economic status (P=0.001) and recent infection with COVID-19 (P=0.010) were more susceptible to psychological distress, as compared to others. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that engagement in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 significantly dwindled, and the incidence rate of psychological distress augmented in the course of the fifth wave of the pandemic in Iranians. These findings could provide healthcare planners and policymakers with valuable information.
{"title":"Preventive Behaviors, Psychological Distress, and their Associated Factors in Iranians during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Outbreak","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2649","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Up to now, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected and killed millions of people across the globe. In these conditions, Iran was experiencing the fifth wave of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accrued by the Delta variant, over the course of the present study. Objectives: The present study aimed to reflect on preventive behaviors, psychological distress, and their associated factors in Iranians during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak. Methods: Utilizing a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research design, this study was performed on 1,015 Iranian individuals referred to the comprehensive healthcare centers in Kashan, central Iran, selected via simple random sampling. Data collection tools included the sociodemographic information questionnaire, the Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19 Questionnaire (PBCQ), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: The study results revealed that the mean±standard deviation (SD) of PBCQ was 17.20±4.18 (12-36). In addition, involvement in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 was at higher levels in male (P=0.007), younger (P≤0.001), and self-employed (P=0.016) participants with a fair family economic status (P=0.007), as compared to other cases. Those receiving no vaccines (P=0.023), together with the subjects recently contracting COVID-19, also adhered to only some preventive behaviors (P≤0.001). The GHQ-12 mean±SD was equal to 2.15±2.41 (0-12). Moreover, the study results indicated that female (P=0.021) younger (P=0.017), married (P=0.024), self-employed (P=0.003) subjects with a fair or poor family economic status (P=0.001) and recent infection with COVID-19 (P=0.010) were more susceptible to psychological distress, as compared to others. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that engagement in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 significantly dwindled, and the incidence rate of psychological distress augmented in the course of the fifth wave of the pandemic in Iranians. These findings could provide healthcare planners and policymakers with valuable information.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2021.25.8.2012
Background: Gender differences, in favor of males, exist in motor skills and motor imagery (MI) ability in healthy people. The MI ability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was altered; however, the reduction rate in the two genders has not been compared. Knowing the gender difference in MI may be used in rehabilitation programs based on MI. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether gender difference in MI is evident in MS patients. Methods: Forty-nine relapse-remitting MS patients (23 men) and also 51 healthy subjects (21 men) participated in this case-control study. The MI ability can be measured by Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20), mental chronometry based on Box and Block test, and hand mental rotation task. Results: Healthy men performed most MI tasks better than healthy women. Unlike healthy participants, no gender differences were observed in the KVIQ-20 scale (P=0.904), mental chronometry duration (right hand, P=0.199; left hand, P=0.374) and reaction time of hand mental rotation (right-hand stimuli, P=0.057; left-hand stimuli, P=0.059). However, MS men responded to hand stimuli significantly more accurately than MS women (right-hand stimuli, P=0.007; left-hand stimuli, P=0.027). Conclusion: Our findings showed that MS men exhibit MI abilities similar to MS women. Perhaps motor deficit in MS males was influenced more by neurocognitive impairment. Perhaps in MS men as compared to MS women, MI practice as motor rehabilitation, could better improve their physical performance.
{"title":"Gender Difference in Explicit and Implicit Motor Imagery Ability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2021.25.8.2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2021.25.8.2012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gender differences, in favor of males, exist in motor skills and motor imagery (MI) ability in healthy people. The MI ability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was altered; however, the reduction rate in the two genders has not been compared. Knowing the gender difference in MI may be used in rehabilitation programs based on MI. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether gender difference in MI is evident in MS patients. Methods: Forty-nine relapse-remitting MS patients (23 men) and also 51 healthy subjects (21 men) participated in this case-control study. The MI ability can be measured by Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20), mental chronometry based on Box and Block test, and hand mental rotation task. Results: Healthy men performed most MI tasks better than healthy women. Unlike healthy participants, no gender differences were observed in the KVIQ-20 scale (P=0.904), mental chronometry duration (right hand, P=0.199; left hand, P=0.374) and reaction time of hand mental rotation (right-hand stimuli, P=0.057; left-hand stimuli, P=0.059). However, MS men responded to hand stimuli significantly more accurately than MS women (right-hand stimuli, P=0.007; left-hand stimuli, P=0.027). Conclusion: Our findings showed that MS men exhibit MI abilities similar to MS women. Perhaps motor deficit in MS males was influenced more by neurocognitive impairment. Perhaps in MS men as compared to MS women, MI practice as motor rehabilitation, could better improve their physical performance.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.1892
Background: There has not been an absolute consensus over the routine closure of peritoneal defect (PD) during laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP). Pretied sutures, endoscopic stapling, and suturing are surgical techniques for closing PDs. Moreover, we observed that we could close small PDs during the TEP procedure by sealing with the LigaSure (LS). Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the necessity of closure PDs under a polypropylene mesh and the early intraperitoneal inflammatory, fibrotic, and adhesional effects of sealing PDs with the LS in an experimental rat model. Methods: A total of 35 male rats were assigned to five groups. 1- Control group: mesh was not used, and the peritoneum was left open; 2- Mesh group; mesh was placed directly on the PD without repairing, and three peritoneal repairing methods; 3- Stapling group: PD was repaired with metal clips; 4- Suture group: PD was repaired with Vicryl sutures; and 5- LigaSure group: PD was closed with the LS. Rats were sacrificed on the postoperative 14th day. Adhesion scores, fibrosis, and inflammation scores were compared between all groups. Results: All rats completed the 14 days of follow-up without complication. The Mesh group had significantly higher adhesion scores than the other groups (P<0.001). Nonetheless, no significant difference was observed between peritoneal repairing methods (P=0.696). Fibrosis and inflammatory scores were similar in peritoneal repairing methods (P=0.394 and P=0.112, respectively). Conclusion: The direct contact of foreign bodies with the intra-abdominal organs increases the risk of adhesion; therefore, the remaining PDs under the polypropylene mesh should be repaired. Sealing PDFs with LS is a simple method that does not increase the inflammatory response, fibrosis, and the risk of adhesion formation.
背景：腹腔镜腹股沟外疝修补术（TEP）中腹膜缺损（PD）的常规闭合尚未达成绝对共识。预绑缝合、内镜下缝合和缝合是关闭腹膜缺损的手术技术。此外，我们还观察到，在 TEP 手术中使用 LigaSure（LS）缝合可以缝合小的腹股沟疝。 目的：本研究旨在评估聚丙烯网下闭合 PD 的必要性，以及在实验大鼠模型中使用 LS 封闭 PD 的早期腹腔内炎症、纤维化和粘连效应。 实验方法将 35 只雄性大鼠分为 5 组。1- 对照组：不使用网片，保持腹膜开放；2- 网片组：直接将网片放置在 PD 上，不进行修复，并采用三种腹膜修复方法；3- 缝合线组：用金属夹修复 PD；4- 缝合组：5- LigaSure 组：用LS缝合PD。大鼠于术后第 14 天处死。比较各组的粘连评分、纤维化评分和炎症评分。 结果所有大鼠均完成了 14 天的随访，未出现并发症。网眼组的粘连评分明显高于其他组（P<0.001）。然而，腹膜修复方法之间并无明显差异（P=0.696）。腹膜修复方法的纤维化和炎症评分相似（分别为 P=0.394 和 P=0.112）。 结论异物与腹腔内脏器的直接接触会增加粘连的风险；因此，应修复聚丙烯网片下残留的腹膜。用 LS 封闭 PDF 是一种简单的方法，不会增加炎症反应、纤维化和粘连形成的风险。
{"title":"Use of the LigaSure for Closing Peritoneal Defects in an Experimental Rat Model","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.1892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.1892","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has not been an absolute consensus over the routine closure of peritoneal defect (PD) during laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP). Pretied sutures, endoscopic stapling, and suturing are surgical techniques for closing PDs. Moreover, we observed that we could close small PDs during the TEP procedure by sealing with the LigaSure (LS). Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the necessity of closure PDs under a polypropylene mesh and the early intraperitoneal inflammatory, fibrotic, and adhesional effects of sealing PDs with the LS in an experimental rat model. Methods: A total of 35 male rats were assigned to five groups. 1- Control group: mesh was not used, and the peritoneum was left open; 2- Mesh group; mesh was placed directly on the PD without repairing, and three peritoneal repairing methods; 3- Stapling group: PD was repaired with metal clips; 4- Suture group: PD was repaired with Vicryl sutures; and 5- LigaSure group: PD was closed with the LS. Rats were sacrificed on the postoperative 14th day. Adhesion scores, fibrosis, and inflammation scores were compared between all groups. Results: All rats completed the 14 days of follow-up without complication. The Mesh group had significantly higher adhesion scores than the other groups (P<0.001). Nonetheless, no significant difference was observed between peritoneal repairing methods (P=0.696). Fibrosis and inflammatory scores were similar in peritoneal repairing methods (P=0.394 and P=0.112, respectively). Conclusion: The direct contact of foreign bodies with the intra-abdominal organs increases the risk of adhesion; therefore, the remaining PDs under the polypropylene mesh should be repaired. Sealing PDFs with LS is a simple method that does not increase the inflammatory response, fibrosis, and the risk of adhesion formation.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.1991
Background: Cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are prone to venous thrombosis, occlusion, and other complications due to the disease itself, chemotherapy, age, and other factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of different catheter materials on thrombosis in cancer patients with PICCs. Methods: The clinical data of 110 cancer patients with PICCs implanted in an outpatient clinic of our hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were collected. The valveless group comprised patients with catheter cancers without valvular structures and high-pressure resistant polyurethane material (n=58), and the valved group comprised patients with catheter cancers with valvular structures and high-pressure resistant polyurethane material (n=52). Results: In the valveless group, 25 (43.1%) patients had total venous thrombosis, which was significantly higher than that of the valved group (n=11 patients; 21.15%) (P=0.028). In 7 out of 11 (78.85%) patients with thrombosis in the valved group, the thrombosis initiation vein was the axillary vein/subclavian vein, while the basilica/brachial vein was the thrombosis initiation vein in 18 out of 25 patients (43.10%) in the valveless group (P=0.043). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of underlying diseases, thrombosis time, and extension in patients with thrombosis(P>0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the catheter-inverted cone structure may be a factor of venous thrombosis. Therefore, the structure of catheters before catheterization should be considered and evaluated.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Catheter Structure Types on Venous Thrombosis in Cancer Patients with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.1991","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are prone to venous thrombosis, occlusion, and other complications due to the disease itself, chemotherapy, age, and other factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of different catheter materials on thrombosis in cancer patients with PICCs. Methods: The clinical data of 110 cancer patients with PICCs implanted in an outpatient clinic of our hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were collected. The valveless group comprised patients with catheter cancers without valvular structures and high-pressure resistant polyurethane material (n=58), and the valved group comprised patients with catheter cancers with valvular structures and high-pressure resistant polyurethane material (n=52). Results: In the valveless group, 25 (43.1%) patients had total venous thrombosis, which was significantly higher than that of the valved group (n=11 patients; 21.15%) (P=0.028). In 7 out of 11 (78.85%) patients with thrombosis in the valved group, the thrombosis initiation vein was the axillary vein/subclavian vein, while the basilica/brachial vein was the thrombosis initiation vein in 18 out of 25 patients (43.10%) in the valveless group (P=0.043). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of underlying diseases, thrombosis time, and extension in patients with thrombosis(P>0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the catheter-inverted cone structure may be a factor of venous thrombosis. Therefore, the structure of catheters before catheterization should be considered and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2210
Background: Misunderstanding of disaster hinders people from devoting enough attention to disaster preparedness programs. Flood is one of the main natural hazards in Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine flood risk perception among residents of a flood-prone area in Iran in 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 201 inhabitants of three villages along the Hesar-Golestan River in northeast Iran. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess their flood risk perception and opinions about the causes of the flood. Flood risk perception was assessed using ten questions with a 5-point Likert scale. Risk perception was calculated at three levels: low (scores 10 to 23), medium (scores 24 to 37), and high (scores 38 to 50). Multi-stage sampling technique was used for sampling. Results: The majority of participants (81%) had a moderate risk perception. The mean risk perception score was 30±5, which indicates a moderate risk perception. According to the participants, the three main causes of floods were environmental degradation and soil erosion, unplanned development and construction in flood-prone areas, and heavy seasonal rainfall, respectively. There was a significant relationship between gender and age with some opinions about the causes of floods. Conclusion: The risk perception of participants was at a moderate level. Low or moderate flood risk perception can lead to insufficient attention, inaction, or insufficient efforts to reduce the risk and increase preparedness for floods. Taking measures such as educating people about the causes and consequences of floods using appropriate and effective methods can help to manage disasters better.
{"title":"Flood Risk Perception among the Inhabitants of a Flood-prone Area in Iran","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Misunderstanding of disaster hinders people from devoting enough attention to disaster preparedness programs. Flood is one of the main natural hazards in Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine flood risk perception among residents of a flood-prone area in Iran in 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 201 inhabitants of three villages along the Hesar-Golestan River in northeast Iran. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess their flood risk perception and opinions about the causes of the flood. Flood risk perception was assessed using ten questions with a 5-point Likert scale. Risk perception was calculated at three levels: low (scores 10 to 23), medium (scores 24 to 37), and high (scores 38 to 50). Multi-stage sampling technique was used for sampling. Results: The majority of participants (81%) had a moderate risk perception. The mean risk perception score was 30±5, which indicates a moderate risk perception. According to the participants, the three main causes of floods were environmental degradation and soil erosion, unplanned development and construction in flood-prone areas, and heavy seasonal rainfall, respectively. There was a significant relationship between gender and age with some opinions about the causes of floods. Conclusion: The risk perception of participants was at a moderate level. Low or moderate flood risk perception can lead to insufficient attention, inaction, or insufficient efforts to reduce the risk and increase preparedness for floods. Taking measures such as educating people about the causes and consequences of floods using appropriate and effective methods can help to manage disasters better.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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