Iranian journal of veterinary research最新文献

Background: Maedi-visna (MV) is a small ruminant lentiviral (SRLV) disease affecting sheep and goats, and causes pathological alterations in various organs including lungs, pulmonary lymph nodes, mammary glands, joints, and CNS. Aims: Present study was focused to detect the MV virus (MVV) nucleic acid and MVV p28 antigen in different organs of the spontaneously MVV affected sheep and goats.

Methods: Total of 657 samples were collected from sheep and goats (169 blood, 136 lungs, 96 pulmonary lymph nodes, 74 brain, 54 mammary gland, 78 joints, and 50 spleen) and screened for MVV nucleic acid using nested PCR assay. Serum samples were screened for SRLV antibodies by cELISA. Immunolocalization of MVV was demonstrated by using the polyclonal antibody against p28 antigen by immunohistochemistry in lungs, lymph nodes, mammary glands, and joint tissues.

Results: Out of 657 samples, 10.7% (70) were found positive for MVV. Among different organs, lungs showed highest positivity (25.7%) followed by mammary glands (14.8%), blood (9.5%), joint tissues (7.7%), brain (5.4%), and pulmonary lymph node (1.0%). SRLV antibodies were detected in 29.2% of the serum samples of both sheep and goats by cELISA. MVV p28 antigen immunostaining was observed in lungs, lymph nodes, mammary glands, and joint tissues. However, the presence of MVV p28 antigen could not be demonstrated in the brain tissues.

Conclusion: The highest positivity of MVV in lung tissues indicated higher predilection of the virus in the pulmonary tissue.

Background: Penile tumors are rare in dogs and only single case reports or small case series have been reported.

Case description: An 11-year-old, cross-breed dog was presented for a two-week history of stranguria. At physical examination, a subcutaneous swelling of the penis was detected. Abdominal radiographs, ultrasonography, and CT showed a subcutaneous penile mass involving the penile urethra and bulbus glandis associated with marked lysis of the os penis. Histological features along with the neoplastic cell positivity to CD31 and FVIII immunohistochemical markers warranted a final diagnosis of penile hemangiosarcoma.

Findings/treatment and outcome: The dog was treated with amputation of the penis, scrotal urethrostomy, and five adjuvant doses of doxorubicin along with thalidomide. Cutaneous and omental metastases were found 235 days after surgery. The dog was euthanized at 296 days due to bone and pulmonary metastasis.

Conclusion: Penile hemangiosarcoma seems to share the same aggressive behavior with other hemangiosarcomas seen in other anatomical locations. Therefore, surgery and chemotherapy may improve survival time in dogs with penile hemangiosarcoma as well.

Background: It is desirable in estrus synchronization in sheep to avoid intravaginal devices and to shorten the program from 14 to 6 days. Moreover, replacement of eCG with safe, cheap, and efficient gonadotropin is in worldwide demand.

Aims: This study investigates the possibility of replacing eCG with human recombinant FSH (hrFSH) and CIDR with progesterone injections for estrous synchronization in ewes.

Methods: Assaf and Lacaune ewes (n=170) were divided into two groups and synchronized with either progesterone injections for 6 days or CIDR for 14 days. Ewes assigned in the injection group, received progesterone (37.5 mg; SC) and GnRH analogue (7.5 µg Alarelin acetate; IM) on day 0 of the experiment. On days 3 and 6, ewes received 25 and 12.5 mg progesterone (SC), respectively. On day 6, ewes in both groups received prostaglandin F₂α (250 µg Cloprostenol; IM), and were divided into two subgroups to receive either hrFSH (75 IU Follitropin alfa; SC) or eCG (400 IU; IM). On day 7, fertile rams were introduced to ewes for 21 days. Data were analyzed using GLM and Glimmix.

Results: There was no difference in the respective lambing rates, prolificacy, and fecundity between CIDR (71.1, 1.63, and 1.16%) and injections (66.7, 1.55, and 1.03%); between eCG (71.4, 1.60, and 1.14%), and hrFSH (66.3, 1.58, and 1.05%, P>0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, 6-day progesterone injection-based protocol produced similar results to 14-day CIDR program and hrFSH could be an effective alternative for eCG during estrus synchronization in ewes.

Background: Follicular fluid (FF) is a biological fluid that contains many compounds such as proteins, hormones, metabolites, antioxidants, etc.

Aims: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of adding cattle and human follicular fluid on bulls' semen quality during the freezing process.

Methods: Semen sampling from 12 Simmental bulls was performed in a period of 3 months (36 ejaculations with three ejaculates per bull). Each ejaculate was divided into four equal portions. Three portions were used for control (C) (semen without follicular fluid), semen containing human follicular fluid (HFF), semen containing cow follicular fluid (CFF). Another part of semen was also used to prepare seminal plasma. Sperm quality assessment was performed on fresh and thawed frozen (immediately after thawing, 1 and 2 h after thawing) semen.

Results: Adding human follicular fluid to the bulls' semen can slow down the process of reducing sperm motility and can delay the increase in the percentage of dead sperm in frozen-thawed semen.

Conclusion: The human follicular fluid maintains the viability and motility of bull sperms better than the control and bovine follicular fluid. The possible effect of human follicular fluid on the metabolism of sperms during the process of freezing and thawing needs to be clarified in future studies.

Background: Cryopreservation of ram semen is a very challenging process. Loss of motility during freezing does not allow artificial insemination of rams.

Aims: This study aimed to determine whether the inclusion of liquid propolis extract in semen diluents affects the cryopreservation efficiency of ram semen.

Methods: Six Akkaraman breed rams were considered for semen study. Semens were combined with Tris+egg yolk extender containing and without (control) propolis at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 1%, 2%, and 4%). Semen was frozen using routine ram semen freezing procedures. After thawing, motility and kinematic parameters were analyzed by computer assisted semen analysis (CASA), and viability, acrosomal damage level and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow-cytometer in all groups. Additionally, fatty acid levels in total semen were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), and vitamin and cholesterol levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, oxidative stress, HOS test, and morphological analyzes were performed after freezing and thawing.

Results: The 0.5% propolis group showed a significant increase in total and rapid motility, LIN, membrane integrity, and antioxidant levels compared to the control, and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and low mitochondrial membrane potential (LMMP) levels. Compared to the control, the group containing 4% propolis damaged spermatozoa and caused a significant decrease in total, progressive and rapid motility and high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) levels.

Conclusion: We showed that adding 0.5% propolis to semen extenders to increase the freezability level of ram semen increases the survival of spermatozoa after freeze-thaw and ensures the success of freezing.

Background: With the increase in human population, the consumption of livestock products such as sheep meat has also increased. Sheep are the reservoir and shedder of Escherichia coli that can be transmitted to humans. Aims: Characterization of fecal E. coli isolated from sheep in slaughterhouse.

Methods: Stool specimens were collected from 30 apparently healthy sheep from different flocks in Shiraz industrial slaughterhouse. The resistance of E. coli isolates against 10 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. The presence of three major extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes and five tetracycline resistance genes as well as seven virulence genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Using the microtiter plate method, the biofilm formation ability of E. coli isolates was investigated.

Results: The highest frequency of resistance was to amoxicillin (100%) followed by tetracycline (25%). All E. coli isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin, and only one isolate was resistant to the tested third-generation cephalosporins. Multidrug resistance phenotype was observed in 16.7% of the isolates. bla _TEM (25%) was the most prevalent ESBL gene and tetA (62.5%) was the most prevalent tetracycline resistance gene in the isolates. crl, csgA, fimH, and bcsA genes were present in all isolates, and the prevalence of papC and afa genes was 95.8% and 83.3%, respectively. In total, 62.5% of the isolates were biofilm producers.

Conclusion: According to the concept of One Health, the presence of virulent antibiotic-resistant biofilm producing strains of E. coli in sheep is a risk to public health.

Background: Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) resulted in a substantial economic loss in Western India during 2019 to 2021.

Aims: The study aimed to characterize fowl adenovirus (FAdV) from field outbreaks.

Methods: The study was conducted on 290 liver samples from 66 poultry flocks. The samples were subjected to histopathology and molecular detection, followed by phylogenetic typing of the partial hexon gene of the virus.

Results: Spiking mortality (14%) was recorded from day 21 to day 35 with peak mortality at the 28th day of age. The necropsy showed a pale and enlarged liver with hemorrhagic and yellowish necrotic foci, accumulation of straw-colored transudate in the pericardial sac which resulted in a flabby appearance of the heart, heart enlargement, and hemorrhages on the spleen, enlarged and congested kidneys. The virus inoculation resulted in stunting and poor feathering with hepatomegaly, hemorrhages and yellowish necrotic foci on the liver as well as greenish discoloration, and kidney swelling in SPF embryonated chicken eggs. Out of 29, 16 liver samples yielded 1219 bp amplicons specific to hexon gene fragments. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis identified 14 isolates as FAdV species E serotype 11 and two as species D serotype 8b. Conclusion: The results indicated that FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 strains are involved in disease outbreaks in western India.

Background: Pets are exposed to a multitude of carcinogenic substances in the modern world. Consequently, high rates of cancer are observed, particularly in middle-aged cats and dogs. Although bisphosphonates have been incorporated into the treatment of human cancers, there are few animal-specific studies. As the number of cancer cases in animals continues to rise, it becomes increasingly important to evaluate anticancer drugs on a species-specific basis.

Aims: The present study aimed to examine the impact of zoledronic acid (ZA) on apoptotic pathways in canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cell lines.

Methods: The apoptotic effects of ZA administration on D-17 canine OSA cells were analysed by determining apoptotic DNA breaks, caspase-3, -8 and -9 levels by ELISA method and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by qRT-PCR. The effect of ZA on the colony formation capacity of cells was evaluated by crystal violet staining method. The mineral binding capacity of ZA application in cells was investigated by Alizarin Red S staining technique. The change in alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in OSA cells due to ZA treatment was determined using the colorimetric method. The antimetastatic effect was determined using the wound healing method, which evaluated the migration potential of cells.

Results: While ZA application did not show a significant cytotoxic effect in the cells in the first 24 h, a decrease observed in the viability of the cells depending on the increasing dose and time. Low dose ZA (1, 5, 7.5, 10 µM) concentrations increased mineral content and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. A significant decrease was found in the expression levels of survivin, which determines the cell survival, depending on the dose and time.

Conclusion: It is expected that our obtained data will contribute to the more effective treatment of the disease by creating different treatment options for clinicians in the light of increasing knowledge in cancer cell biology.

Background: Spoilage is very common in vacuum-packed sliced emulsion-type sausages during refrigerated storage. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the spoilage bacteria isolated from vacuum-packed sliced emulsion-type sausages as biological preservatives.

Methods: These products from various companies were examined to find the spoilage bacteria. A total of 43 LABs were screened for inhibitory activity against the spoilage bacteria. The MIC₉₀ of protective bacteria and the inhibitory effect of different components obtained from these bacteria was investigated.

Results: Four LAB were confirmed as the predominant spoilage bacteria, including Enterococcus mundtii, Latilactobacillus sakei, Latilactobacillus curvatus, and Weissella viridescens. Six strains, including Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus helveticus PTCC 1332, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CEC 17484, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LL441, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, and Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 20284 were able to produce proteinaceous antimicrobial metabolites against the four spoilage agents, which were selected as protective bacteria. CFS of the protective bacteria inhibited four spoilage bacteria by more than 88%. The MIC₉₀ of all protective bacteria was less than 10 mg/ml against E. mundtii and L. sakei. After neutralizing acid and H₂O₂ of the CFS of P. acidilactici, it was still quite effective against E. mundtii and L. sakei. The sausage's pasteurization temperature did not affect the bacteria's active metabolites.

Conclusion: The substances derived from these bacteria can be applied as biopreservatives in sliced sausage, even in the pre-pasteurization stage of these products.

Background: Buffalo reactivity during milking affects milking procedures, milk yield, and quality.

Aims: This study evaluated the influence of milking reactivity on the yield, composition, somatic cell count, pH, and electrical resistance of milk in Jaffarabadi buffaloes.

Methods: A 1-4 point scale, based on leg movement, was used to assess the milking reactivity of buffaloes (n=40). Based on the milking reactivity score, animals were classified into four groups: reactivity score-1 (RS1), reactivity score-2 (RS2), reactivity score-3 (RS3), and reactivity score-4 (RS4). The influence of milking reactivity on yield, composition, somatic cell count, pH, and electrical resistance of milk was observed.

Results: Buffaloes with RS1 and RS2 produced significantly (P≤0.001) higher daily milk yield, 6% fat-corrected yield, solid-corrected yield, and energy-corrected yield than the RS3+4 group. Milking reactivity score did not influence milk fat, protein, lactose, ash, solid-not-fat, total solids content, and the fat: protein ratio. However, daily yield of milk fat (P<0.001), protein (P=0.001), lactose (P=0.001), ash (P=0.002), solid-not-fat (P=0.001), and total solids (P<0.001) were significantly higher in buffaloes in the RS1 and RS2 groups than in the RS3+4 group. Milk somatic cell count and somatic cell score were not influenced by milking reactivity score (P>0.05). Milk density and pH did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between groups. However, the electrical resistance of milk in the RS1 group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the RS2 and RS3+4 groups.

Conclusion: Milking reactivity influences daily milk yield, milk component yield, and electrical resistance, but not milk composition in Jaffarabadi buffaloes.