Iranian journal of veterinary research最新文献

Background: Osteodystrophia fibrosa (ODF) is a metabolic disorder affecting the skeletal system, causing progressive loss of calcified bone mass and its replacement with fibrous tissue, which may be a sequel to primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. This report intends to document the clinicopathological findings of ODF in a flock of young goats fed primarily on a wheat bran-rich diet.

Case description: In a flock of 50 stall-fed goats aged 1 to 2 years, seven were clinically presented with bilateral facial enlargement, leading to dyspnea and difficulty in prehension and mastication. Among the seven clinically affected goats, four died in 2 months.

Findings/treatment and outcome: The clinical examination revealed bilateral mandibular enlargement and limb deformities. On radiography, the maxilla and mandible had decreased radiopacity. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the affected bones showed occasional fibroblasts and individual osteoclasts clusters. On necropsy, the enlarged mandible revealed a meaty consistency. Undecalcified histological sections of the mandible showed severe osteopenia, multiple osteoclasts, Howship's lacunae, and extensive fibroplasia. Dietary corrective measures led to the prevention of ODF in the rest of the flock.

Conclusion: Excessive wheat bran feeding in stallfed goats might have led to calcium and phosphorus imbalance, resulting in nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and subsequent skeletal deformities. FNAC of the affected bones, gross and histological findings provide a clinicopathological diagnosis of ODF.

Background: A patent dual-lumen dialysis catheter is one of the basic requirements for efficient extracorporeal (EC) therapy.

Aims: The objective of this study was to measure the resistance to blood flow offered by straight and curved-extension dual-lumen dialysis catheters used for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Methods: Twenty dogs suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI) were subjected to CRRT. The dogs were allocated randomly to Group-I (curved extension catheter, n=12) or Group II (straight extension catheter, n=8), based on the type of dual-lumen catheter used in CRRT. The catheter outflow and inflow pressures were recorded at blood pump speeds of 50 ml/min and 99-100 ml/min. Data were tested for normality, and differences in mean inflow and outflow catheter resistances were evaluated for statistical significance using independent samples t-tests.

Results: Straight extension catheters offered lower inflow resistance than curved extension catheters at both 50 ml/min (41.50 ± 5.84 mm Hg vs. 63.75 ± 6.88 mm Hg, P=0.03) and 99-100 ml/min (63.00 ± 8.11 mm Hg vs. 86.92 ± 7.02 mm Hg, P=0.04) blood flow rates. Straight extension catheters also offered lower outflow resistance than curved catheters at 99-100 ml/min blood flow rate (-94.12 ± 7.91 mm Hg vs. -128.25 ± 7.56 mm Hg, P=0.01; the negative signs only indicate the direction of blood flow).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that straight-extension dual-lumen dialysis catheters perform better than the curved model in extracorporeal renal replacement therapy by considering their lower resistance to blood flow.

Background: Sarcocystis species are coccidian protozoan zoonotic parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. There is a large diversity of Sarcocystis species. Some of them are pathogenic and dangerous to humans, domestic, and wild animals. Cattle are common intermediate hosts. The infection of meat with different species of Sarcocystis can be serious for public health.

Aims: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcocystosis in slaughtered buffaloes in Tanta city abattoirs, Nile Delta, Egypt.

Methods: Morphological and histological examinations and a molecular study were undertaken. A total of 517 locally bred buffaloes were slaughtered in Tanta city, Egypt. Each buffalo carcass was visually inspected for the presence of Sarcocystis macrocysts. Fifty tissue samples containing suspected cysts were examined by using different techniques including histology, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and PCR.

Results: By visual inspection, the overall prevalence of suspected sarcocystosis was 26.5%. The highest infection rate was detected visually from the esophagus followed by skeletal muscles and diaphragm whereas the least was recorded in the tongue. Histological and TEM examination showed that the cysts were packed with bradyzoites separated by multiple septa. 100% of the sarcocysts diagnosed visually in the esophagus and muscles were confirmed by PCR, compared to only 25% of those detected in the tongue.

Conclusion: These results highlight the high prevalence of sarcocystosis among buffaloes in Egypt, possibly due to widespread environmental contamination by Sarcocystis oocysts. The use of molecular methods should be encouraged to confirm the identity of the suspected cysts.

Background: Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (MO) is an infectious yeast which can cause acute gastric disturbances in birds. It has a worldwide distribution with a broad host-range of bird species.

Aims: Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of MO based on the 18S rRNA gene in companion birds of Iran.

Methods: A total of 54 stool samples were taken from birds (10 species) suspected of being infected. The presence of MO in collected stool samples was investigated using direct wet mount microscopy. Specific primers were designed to identify the MO 18S rRNA gene by using PCR. PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the molecular diversity.

Results: The obtained results demonstrated that 44.44% and 59.26% of the samples were diagnosed positive based on the first and second specific primers, respectively. MO was detected in the feces of canary, goldfinch, budgerigar, toucan, and English budge. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MO sequence data from canaries, finches, and goldfinches had homology with an MO isolated from a German zebra finch. Moreover, MOs from cockatiels, rosy faced love birds, and budgerigars had a high phylogenetic similarity with multiple references, including American budgerigar, Japanese cockatiel, European goldfinch, and German budgerigar.

Conclusion: MO exists in many species of Iranian birds, including goldfinches, budgerigars, toucans, and English budgies. As indicated by phylogenetic and polymorphism data analysis, the newly designed specific primers spanning a large portion of 18S rRNA gene of MO, provides additional tool to detect and study the molecular diversity of MO.

Abstract.

Background: The efficiency of ovine in vitro embryo production remains low yet.

Aims: The present study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of gamma (γ)-oryzanol in maturation or culture media on in vitro ovine oocytes and embryo developments.

Methods: Morphologically normal COCs were aspirated from ovine ovaries, subjected to maturation media supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM γ-oryzanol, then processed for conventional in vitro fertilization and culture to assess their potential to cleave and develop to blastocyst. Another group of COCs was matured and fertilized. Presumptive zygotes were subjected to culture in drops of media supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, 20, and 50 μM γ-oryzanol, and the developments of embryos were assessed under 7% and 20% O₂ levels. A control group of no supplementation was included in each experiment.

Results: The expansion of cumulus cover and survival rate tended to decrease with concentrations of 20, 50, and 100 μM in maturation media, suggesting an overdose effect. The cleavage and total blastocyst rates were significantly higher for oocytes matured at 5 μM γ-oryzanol. The presumptive zygotes cultured in supplemented media showed significantly higher cleavage and total blastocyst rates with concentrations of 5 and 10 μM γ-oryzanol (P<0.04) in both 7% and 20% O₂ levels.

Conclusion: These results represent the first study showing a significant positive effect of the γ-oryzanol supplement on in vitro ovine oocyte and embryo development, at optimal concentrations of 5 μM in maturation, and 5 and 10 μM in embryo culture media.

Background: A number of Mycoplasma spp., often referred to as the Mycoplasma mycoides (Mm) cluster can produce respiratory tract infections in goats; however, only Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is considered to causecontagious caprine pleuropneumonia.

Aims: Isolation and identification of M. capricoluum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini from the pneumonic lungs of slaughtered goats and their association with pathological changes.

Methods: Lungs of 2000 goats slaughtered at an industrial abattoir in Mashhad, Iran, were examined for the presence of gross pneumonic lesions. Fifty affected lungs were selected for pathology, culture, and molecular (PCR) studies for the presence of Mycoplasma species. DNA was extracted from lung tissue samples and replicated using genus and species specific primers for Mycoplasma.

Results: Grossly, consolidation and dark red to grey discoloration in the cranioventral to caudal lobes in fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia and rubbery texture associated with rib impressions on the costal surfaces of the diaphragmatic lobes in interstitial pneumonia were observed. Histopathologically, bronchointerstitial pneumonia in 40 (80%), and fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia in 10 (20%) of affected goats were diagnosed. The evidence of Mycoplasma growth such as turbidity and Mycoplasma colonies on the Mycoplasma agar plates was observed in 2 (4%) of samples. Genus-specific Mycoplasma DNA was identified in 11 (22%) of samples. Of them, 3 (6%) and 3 (6%) of tissue lung samples were positive for M. capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini, respectively, by PCR.

Conclusion: Our results showed that M. capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini were the two agents that can involve lung consolidation and pneumonia in goats.

Background: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is connected to human immunosuppressive diseases, including HIV-AIDS, and may pose a zoonotic threat. MAC causes lymphadenopathy in children, respiratory infection in adults, and generalized infection in immunocompromised individuals. Infection with nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) in humans is now primarily brought on by MAC. Recently, MAC members have emerged as pathogenic organisms for animals and humans. While dogs are generally resistant to mycobacterial infections, there have been some cases of infection that result in systemic or disseminated diseases. The organisms can be transmitted to dogs through oral contact, and their faeces can be a possible source of infection for dog owners. It is important to note that this ailment is zoonotic, especially if infected pet dogs are in prolonged contact with their humans.

Aims: The study was planned to demonstrate the occurrence of MAC organisms and other Mycobacteria in dogs associated with lymphadenopathy cases with special emphasis on lymphadenitis.

Methods: A total of 123 samples (100 lymph node aspirates, 15 lymph node tissues, and 8 blood samples) from 83 dogs suspected of lymphadenitis accompanied by gastroenteritis, chronic skin infections, immunosuppression, chronic pulmonary diseases, and other chronic undiagnosed diseases were studied. The samples were processed for cytological and microscopic examination by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Following the decontamination procedure, the aspiration and lymph node tissue samples were inoculated into Middlebrook 7H11 media for up to 8 weeks. The aspirated material was also directly used for molecular detection by triplex-nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay.

Results: A cytological study revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation of the lymph node tissue. Impression smears from lymph node tissues displayed the presence of acid-fast organisms. Out of 83 cases of dogs, 8 were found to be positive for Mycobacterium spp. Among those 8 positive cases, 3 were confirmed to belong to MAC, and 5 belonged to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB complex).

Conclusion: MAC and MTB are the underestimated bacteria that could be the causative agents of lymphadenitis in animals.

Background: With the increasing use of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA), stem subsidence has emerged as one of the primary complications. Although electron beam melting (EBM)-manufactured stems have been demonstrated to prevent subsidence, there has been limited investigation into the comparative biomechanical impact of collarless and collared EBM cementless stems on stem subsidence in veterinary medicine.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the stem implant resistance and failure mechanical properties between collarless and collared EBM-manufactured stems.

Methods: Seven pairs of femurs were harvested from canine cadavers. In each pair of femurs, the left femur was implanted with a collarless, and the right femur with a same-sized collared cementless stem. Specimen constructs were mounted to the loading frame of a testing machine and load was transferred to the femoral stem parallel to the longitudinal axis of the femur until the stem subsided 5 mm. Load and stem displacement data acquired during the tests were used to generate load-displacement curves and obtain stiffness, yield, and failure data for each specimen construct. Yield and failure energies were calculated as the areas under the load-displacement curves to the respective points. The effects of implant type and load during subsidence were analyzed using paired t-tests.

Results: The yield and failure loads for the collared stems were approximately 40% greater than for the collarless stems (156.39 ± 43.63 kgf vs. 112.01 ± 59.83 kgf, P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study supported the advantages of collared EBM stems, including subsidence prevention and better initial stability for early osteointegration.

Background: Tropical theileriosis is the most prevalent hemoprotozoan disease in Pakistan.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and evolutionary relationship of Theileria annulata in bovines in diverse agro-climatic regions of Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods: 800 blood specimens were collected from asymptomatic cattle (n=480) and buffaloes (n=320) using a multistage sampling method from Sargodha (n=400) and Multan (n=400) districts. The samples were assessed for blood smear microscopy and cytochrome b gene based PCR. Twenty samples were collected from each union council of each district.

Results: The overall prevalence of T. annulata infection in bovines was 9% and 17.13% as determined by blood smear analysis and PCR, respectively. The disease positivity in cattle and buffaloes was respectively 10.21% and 20.42% by blood smear screening and 7.19%, 12.19% by PCR. The overall PCR based prevalence in the Sargodha and Multan districts was 19% and 15.25%, respectively. Absence of rural poultry, tick infestation, and a history of tick-borne diseases had significant effect in cattle. Tick infestation and age were the main statistically significant disease determinants in buffaloes. The evolutionary analysis of the cytochrome b gene showed that the Pakistani isolate infecting buffalo was related to those from Iran, India, Egypt, and Sudan. The isolate from cattle was genetically close to those from Pakistan, India, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that biotic and abiotic factors contribute to disease occurrence. The current study will help to devise control strategies to prevent substantial economic losses.

Background: Artificial insemination (AI) is one of the most important reproductive technologies used to modify animals genetically. Using this method, the genetic composition of the herd can be improved and selected by choosing bulls with excellent genetic characteristics. Taxifolin (TXF), a plant flavonoid, has shown an antioxidative effect.

Aims: The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of TXF on the quality of frozen-thawed semen in Fleckvieh (Simmental) dual-purpose bulls.

Methods: Freezable semen specimens were obtained by an artificial vagina. Ejaculates were equally divided into six parts for six experimental groups, including without adding TXF to diluent (C), adding 25 (T25), 50 (T50), 100 (T100), 200 (T200), and 400 (T400) μM TXF. Sperms were frozen in a one-step dilution method. Semen factors, including motility, viability, sperm membrane integrity, DNA damage, and oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities, were examined after thawing.

Results: Our findings revealed that all semen quality parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and free radical levels were superior in TXF-treated groups compared to the control group, and the differences were noticeably higher in the T100 group than the other groups.

Conclusion: Adding 100 μM TXF to diluent could improve the quality of bull frozen semen.