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DEPENDENCE OF THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SOME SPATIALLY SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS ON THE CALCULATED PARAMETERS OF THE STRUCTURE OF ANTIOXIDANT MOLECULES 一些空间取代酚的抗氧化性能与抗氧化分子结构计算参数的关系
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.6060/IVKKT.20216411.6476
Karina G. Aleksanyan, V. N. Koshelev, Eduard G. Cheban, O. A. Stokolos, A. Kilyakova, Alena S. Sorokina, L. P. Shamsutdinova, M. B. Gazizov, A. L. Pistsova, D. R. Aleksanyan, S. A. Agadzhanyan
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引用次数: 0
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC AND KINETIC STUDY OF FUEL PELLETS FROM BIOMASS OF HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI MANDEN 沙棘生物质燃料球团的热重及动力学研究
Pub Date : 2021-04-11 DOI: 10.6060/IVKKT.20216404.6338
I. N. Polina, M. V. Mironov, V. Belyy
The comprehensive study of the process of thermal decomposition of fuel pellets from Heracleum Sosnowskyi biomass was carried out. Kinetic parameters of the process were determined based on thermo-gravimetric analysis in comparison with a sample of wood pellets from coniferous wood. The biomass of heracleum Sosnowskyi was collected in the village of Vylgort, Komi Republic, dried to atmospheric-dry state, ground to mean diameter dm<0.25 mm. The elemental composition, the content of the main components, the value of the thermal effect of the initial plant raw materials are determined. The features of the thermal decomposition of samples are established. Kinetic studies of samples pressed at 10 kN were carried out in air environment at heating rate of 5, 10 and 15 °C/min in the temperature range from 25 to 1000 °C using differential methods of Friedman and Ozawa-Flyn-Wall. Comparative analysis of softwood pellets and fuel pellets of hogweed Sosnowskyi confirmed the possibility of using the latter as an independent energy fuel, and as an additive to pellets without significantly reducing their quality characteristics. The results of the presented studies can be used to develop technology and equipment for burning fuel pellets for the purpose of rational extraction of thermal energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
对Heracleum Sosnowskyi生物质燃料颗粒的热分解过程进行了综合研究。该工艺的动力学参数是根据热重分析确定的,并与来自针叶木材的木屑颗粒样品进行比较。Sosnowskyi heracleum Sosnowskyi的生物量采自koomi共和国Vylgort村,干燥至大气干燥状态,地面平均直径dm<0.25 mm。测定了初始植物原料的元素组成、主要成分的含量、热效应值。建立了样品的热分解特征。采用Friedman和ozawa - flynn - wall的差分方法,在25 - 1000°C的温度范围内,在空气环境中以5、10和15°C/min的加热速率对样品进行了10 kN压力的动力学研究。通过对软木材颗粒和大猪草燃料颗粒的对比分析,证实了将后者用作独立能源燃料的可能性,并且可以作为颗粒的添加剂,而不会显著降低颗粒的质量特性。所提出的研究结果可用于开发燃烧燃料颗粒的技术和设备,以合理提取热能. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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引用次数: 1
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NANOCELLULOSE-DYE CONJUGATES 纳米纤维素-染料偶联物的合成与性能研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216402.6207
O. Surov, M. Voronova, N. Rubleva, A. Zakharov, A. Afineevskii
Synthesis of conjugates of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with chlortriazine reactive dyes (RD) has been developed.  The obtained CNC-RD conjugates were characterized using a complex of modern methods: UV-Vis, IR and 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, particle size and zeta potential analysis, scanning electron and polarization optical microscopy. IR spectra of CNC-RD films show absorption bands typical of cellulose. The formation of a covalent cellulose-dye bond is confirmed by the presence of characteristic absorption bands of the resulting ether bond in the region of 1000-1300 cm-1. Based on the analysis of solid-state 13C NMR spectra, it was concluded that the degree of crystallinity of the CNC-RD conjugates does not change compared to the CNC, i.e. the RD covalently bind to the surface of the CNC particles and do not affect the crystal structure of the CNC. Using a simple model of CNC with square cross-section, and based on the elemental analysis data, the amount of covalently bound dye on the surface of CNC particles was estimated. The results obtained allow us to conclude that covalent bound of RD occurs selectively at one of the ends of the cellulose nanocrystal (the so-called reducing end of the cellulose polymer chain). Successful CNC surface modification is confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that aqueous suspensions of CNC-RD conjugates have indicator properties. The sizes and charges of the particles of CNC-RD conjugates in dilute aqueous suspensions were determined. High colloidal stability of the CNC-RD aqueous suspensions was confirmed. It has been shown that CNC-RD colloidal suspensions possess liquid crystalline properties, which is clearly demonstrated by their iridescent color in polarized light with stirring. CNC films modified with RD also possess birefringence properties and exhibit an iridescent color in polarized light. The morphology of CNC-RD particles was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the CNC-RD conjugates was studied.
研究了氯三嗪活性染料(RD)与纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)共轭物的合成。采用紫外可见、红外和13C固体核磁共振光谱、热重和元素分析、粒度和zeta电位分析、扫描电子和偏振光学显微镜等现代方法对所得的CNC-RD共轭物进行了表征。CNC-RD薄膜的红外光谱显示纤维素的典型吸收带。共价纤维素-染料键的形成由在1000-1300 cm-1区域产生的醚键的特征吸收带的存在证实。通过对固态13C NMR谱的分析,得出CNC-RD共轭物的结晶度与CNC相比没有变化,即RD与CNC颗粒表面共价结合,不影响CNC的晶体结构。采用简单的方形截面CNC模型,根据元素分析数据,估算了CNC颗粒表面共价结合染料的数量。得到的结果使我们得出结论,RD的共价键选择性地发生在纤维素纳米晶体的一端(即纤维素聚合物链的还原端)。通过紫外可见光谱分析证实CNC表面改性成功。发现CNC-RD共轭物的水溶液悬浮液具有指示剂性质。测定了稀水悬浮液中CNC-RD共轭物的粒径和电荷。证实了CNC-RD水悬浮液具有较高的胶体稳定性。研究表明,CNC-RD胶体悬浮液具有液晶性质,在偏振光下搅拌后呈现彩虹色。用RD修饰的CNC薄膜还具有双折射特性,并在偏振光下表现出彩虹色。用扫描电镜研究了CNC-RD颗粒的形貌。研究了CNC-RD共轭物的热稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF AN INDENTER-OBJECTIVE FOR OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 压印物镜在材料结构和性质光谱学研究中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216412.2y
V. Reshetov, Gul’naz Kh. Sultanova, A. Useinov, Igor’ A. Kudryashov, Kristian Budich
We considered the possibilities of using indenter-objectives for optical and spectrometric studies of local properties and structure of materials. Due to their special faceting, such indenters allow obtaining a full-fledged optical image of the investigated area of the sample surface during measurements by indentation and scratching methods. The diamond indenter has two centrally symmetric Berkovich pyramids, rotated relative to each other by 60 °, at its opposite ends. These pyramids form three plane-parallel plates, through which a quasi-parallel light beam from the microscope passes, without undergoing total internal reflection, both to the sample and to back. We obtained the presented data via an indenter in the form of a two Berkovich pyramids. We demonstrated the Raman and Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering spectra from the region under the indenter using serial spectrometers. It appears that by combining optical and mechanical research methods, it is possible to obtain detailed information on the phase state of a substance under severe plastic deformation. The proposed approach is applicable to both transparent and opaque materials, since observation occurs through a transparent diamond indenter objective. We discussed the possibility of simultaneous mapping of the optical and mechanical properties of the material under study with the spatial referencing of the obtained data with micron accuracy. We demonstrated detachment of a diamond-like film during indentation, a change in the phase composition of silicon in the region of developed plastic deformation of honey using Raman spectroscopy, the speed of sound in plastic deformed by a diamond indenter was measured by the Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering method. We expect that this approach, which combines optical and mechanical research methods, will be productive in the study of high molecular weight polymeric materials and pharmaceuticals prone to the formation of polycrystalline structures and falling into different conformational states.
我们考虑了使用压痕物镜进行材料局部性质和结构的光学和光谱研究的可能性。由于其特殊的饰面,这样的压头允许获得一个完整的光学图像的调查区域的样品表面的测量过程中,通过压痕和划痕的方法。金刚石压头有两个中心对称的伯科维奇金字塔,相对旋转60°,在其两端。这些金字塔形成了三个平行的平面,显微镜发出的准平行光束穿过这些平面,没有经过完全的内反射,就能到达样品和背面。我们通过两个伯科维奇金字塔形式的压头获得了所呈现的数据。我们用系列光谱仪演示了压头下区域的拉曼和曼德尔斯塔姆-布里渊散射光谱。看来,结合光学和力学研究方法,可以获得物质在剧烈塑性变形下的相态的详细信息。所提出的方法既适用于透明材料,也适用于不透明材料,因为观察是通过透明的金刚石压头物镜进行的。我们讨论了同时绘制所研究材料的光学和力学性质的可能性,并以微米精度的空间参考所获得的数据。我们证明了在压痕过程中类金刚石薄膜的脱离,利用拉曼光谱分析了蜂蜜塑性变形区域硅相组成的变化,用曼德尔斯塔姆-布里渊散射法测量了金刚石压痕变形塑料中的声速。我们期望这种结合光学和机械研究方法的方法,将在高分子量聚合物材料和易于形成多晶结构和落入不同构象状态的药物的研究中产生成果。
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引用次数: 1
FEATURES OF ONION-LIKE CARBON OBTAINED IN THE PROCESS OF PARTIAL OXIDATION OF NATURAL GAS 天然气部分氧化过程中获得的洋葱状碳的特征
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216412.3y
D. S. Lugvishchuk, A. Karaeva, N. V. Kazennov, E. Mitberg, V. Mordkovich
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引用次数: 0
PARTICLE MASS DITRIBUTION IN BATCH FLUIDIZED BED COATING PROCESS 间歇式流化床涂覆过程中颗粒质量分布
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216412.6448
A. G. Lipin, A. Lipin
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引用次数: 0
ESTIMATION OF THE EQUATION PARAMETERS OF THE ELASTOPLASTIC STATE OF THE MATERIAL BY THE RESULTS OF INSTRUMENTAL INDENTING 用仪器压痕结果估计材料弹塑性状态的方程参数
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216412.1y
Ekaterina V. Gladkikh, V. Reshetov, A. A. Gusev, I. Maslenikov, A. Useinov
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引用次数: 1
THE MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF THE CLOTH MOVEMENT SYSTEM IN THE PROCESS OF FABRIC BLEACHING 织物漂白过程中布料运动系统的数学模拟
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216412.6452
V. Zaitsev, B. Golovushkin, Pavel N. Grimenitsky, E. Erofeeva
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引用次数: 0
MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL MODEL OF CLEANING IN A HIGH-GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELD OF HYDROGENATED FAT FROM SUSPENDED CATALYST 悬浮催化剂氢化脂肪在高梯度磁场下清洗的数学和统计模型
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216406.6410
Vyacheslav N. Tyrtygin, A. A. Deniskovets, A. Labutin
The introduction specifies the object of the study - hydrogenated fat subjected to purification from suspended nickel-containing catalyst in a high-gradient magnetic field. The nickel-containing catalyst, due to the presence of nickel salts in it, is paramagnetic and can be effectively extracted from hydrated fat in the magnetic field by a method of highly gradient magnetic separation. In the experiment technique the magnetic field strength was not less than 600 kA/m, the gradient not less than (20-30)∙104 kA/m2. Based on the results and their discussion, the analysis of empirical dependencies on each factor basis is carried out separately, as well as the construction of classical types of one-dimensional non-linear regression models for each of them.  It is shown that the most statistically reliable are the exponential models. It was found that after purification the content of suspended nickel-containing catalyst in the hydrogenated fat has an inverse proportional dependence on the magnetic field strength, height (length) of the filtration zone and filtration rate. A two-dimensional exponential regression model of the content of the nickel-containing catalyst in the hydrogenated fat in the complex dependence on the rate and height of the filtration zone is built. Based on the experimental data at a certain height of the filtration zone and the selected filtration rate, a mathematical-statistical model of change in the concentration of nickel-containing catalyst depending on the magnetic field strength is made. Using the resulting two-dimensional exponential regression model, it is possible to predict the degree of purification of the salomas from the suspended catalyst depending on the specific tension of the magnetic field and to determine the tension of the magnetic field, at which the concentration of nickel as a result of cleaning will reach an advance value.
介绍了本研究的对象——在高梯度磁场下从悬浮含镍催化剂中提纯氢化脂肪。含镍催化剂由于镍盐的存在,具有顺磁性,可以采用高梯度磁选的方法在磁场中有效地从水合脂肪中提取。在实验技术中,磁场强度不小于600 kA/m,梯度不小于(20-30)∙104 kA/m2。在此基础上,分别对各因素基础上的经验依赖关系进行了分析,并对各因素分别构建了经典类型的一维非线性回归模型。结果表明,指数模型在统计上最可靠。结果表明,提纯后氢化脂肪中悬浮含镍催化剂的含量与磁场强度、过滤区高度(长度)和过滤速率成反比关系。建立了氢化脂肪中含镍催化剂含量与过滤区速率和过滤区高度关系的二维指数回归模型。根据一定过滤区高度下的实验数据和选定的过滤速率,建立了含镍催化剂浓度随磁场强度变化的数学统计模型。利用所得到的二维指数回归模型,可以根据磁场的比张力来预测悬浮催化剂对灰痣的净化程度,并确定磁场张力,在该张力下,清洗后的镍浓度将达到一个提前值。
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引用次数: 0
ESTIMATION OF LEVEL OF SOIL POLLUTION IN IVANOVO CITY BY POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 用多环芳烃评价伊万诺沃市土壤污染水平
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216412.6467
T. Izvekova, N. A. Kobeleva, O. Y. Sulaeva, A. Gushchin, V. Grinevich, V. Rybkin, Alyona S. Platova Platova
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引用次数: 0
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IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA
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