Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.6046
A. M. Efremov, V. Rybkin, V. Betelin, K. Kwon
The effects of both HBr/O2 and Cl2/O2 mixing ratios in HBr+Cl2+O2 gas mixture on plasma parameters, steady-state densities of active species and Si etching kinetics were studied under the typical conditions of reactive ion etching process: total gas pressure (p = 10 mTorr), input power (W = 500 W), bias power (Wdc = 200 W). The data on internal plasma parameters and plasma chemistry were obtained using a combination of Langmuir probe diagnostics and 0-dimensional (global) plasma modeling. It was found that the variation in HBr/O2 mixing ratio at constant Cl2 fraction in a feed gas is characterized by the stronger impact on the steady-state plasma composition through both electron-impact and atom-molecular reaction kinetics as well as allows one to obtain the wider change in the total halogen atom density. It was shown that changes in both HBr/O2 and Cl2/O2 mixing ratios toward O2-rich plasmas lowers the Si etching rate that exhibits no evident correlations with total halogen atom flux and ion energy flux. The model-based analysis of Si etching kinetics allowed one to conclude that the effective reaction probability for Si + Cl/Br heterogeneous reaction depends on the flux of oxidative species – oxygen atoms and OH radicals. The reasons may be 1) the oxidation of silicon resulting in higher reaction threshold energy; and 2) the decreasing fraction of free adsorption sites for Cl/Br atoms due to the oxidation of reaction products into the lower volatile SiBrxOy and SiClxOy compounds.
{"title":"ON MECHANISMS OF OXYGEN INFLUENCE ON GAS-PHASE PARAMETERS AND SILICON REACTIVE-ION ETCHING KINETICS IN HBr + Cl2 + O2 PLASMA","authors":"A. M. Efremov, V. Rybkin, V. Betelin, K. Kwon","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.6046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.6046","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of both HBr/O2 and Cl2/O2 mixing ratios in HBr+Cl2+O2 gas mixture on plasma parameters, steady-state densities of active species and Si etching kinetics were studied under the typical conditions of reactive ion etching process: total gas pressure (p = 10 mTorr), input power (W = 500 W), bias power (Wdc = 200 W). The data on internal plasma parameters and plasma chemistry were obtained using a combination of Langmuir probe diagnostics and 0-dimensional (global) plasma modeling. It was found that the variation in HBr/O2 mixing ratio at constant Cl2 fraction in a feed gas is characterized by the stronger impact on the steady-state plasma composition through both electron-impact and atom-molecular reaction kinetics as well as allows one to obtain the wider change in the total halogen atom density. It was shown that changes in both HBr/O2 and Cl2/O2 mixing ratios toward O2-rich plasmas lowers the Si etching rate that exhibits no evident correlations with total halogen atom flux and ion energy flux. The model-based analysis of Si etching kinetics allowed one to conclude that the effective reaction probability for Si + Cl/Br heterogeneous reaction depends on the flux of oxidative species – oxygen atoms and OH radicals. The reasons may be 1) the oxidation of silicon resulting in higher reaction threshold energy; and 2) the decreasing fraction of free adsorption sites for Cl/Br atoms due to the oxidation of reaction products into the lower volatile SiBrxOy and SiClxOy compounds.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79249712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5941
S. A. Seidova
In paper the results of the carried out analysis of literary data on preparation of motor fuels of high quality by extraction method of purification of the corresponding oil distillates with use of compounds of various class as a selective solvent have been presented. In particular, the results of comparative analysis of existing methods of the extraction purification of distillates of motor fuels from unnecessary components – aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphur-containing compounds and resinous substances with use of organic solvents and ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent have been presented. The advantage of the extraction method of purification of motor fuels determined by possibility of the process at low temperature and pressure, by absence of necessity of application of the expensive catalysts, by possibility of regeneration and reuse of solvent, etc. in comparison with widely used hydrogenation method has been shown. The lacks of the organic solvents used as an extractant have been also listed and due to the ecological problems the use of non-volatile, thermally stable ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent in the processes of purification of the distillates, intended for preparation a high quality target products, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, base oils for various purposes has been substantiated. In paper the results of systematic investigations carried out at the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences with the participation of the authors themselves, concerning the selective purification of the oil fractions of various composition and viscosity with use of ionic liquids synthesized on the basis of formic and acetic acids composition have been also presented. By carried out analysis it has been shown the perspectivity of application of the ion-liquid compositions as an extractant in the processes of the selective purification of the oil distillates.
{"title":"EXTRACTION METHODS OF CLEANING OF MOTOR FUEL","authors":"S. A. Seidova","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5941","url":null,"abstract":"In paper the results of the carried out analysis of literary data on preparation of motor fuels of high quality by extraction method of purification of the corresponding oil distillates with use of compounds of various class as a selective solvent have been presented. In particular, the results of comparative analysis of existing methods of the extraction purification of distillates of motor fuels from unnecessary components – aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphur-containing compounds and resinous substances with use of organic solvents and ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent have been presented. The advantage of the extraction method of purification of motor fuels determined by possibility of the process at low temperature and pressure, by absence of necessity of application of the expensive catalysts, by possibility of regeneration and reuse of solvent, etc. in comparison with widely used hydrogenation method has been shown. The lacks of the organic solvents used as an extractant have been also listed and due to the ecological problems the use of non-volatile, thermally stable ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent in the processes of purification of the distillates, intended for preparation a high quality target products, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, base oils for various purposes has been substantiated. In paper the results of systematic investigations carried out at the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences with the participation of the authors themselves, concerning the selective purification of the oil fractions of various composition and viscosity with use of ionic liquids synthesized on the basis of formic and acetic acids composition have been also presented. By carried out analysis it has been shown the perspectivity of application of the ion-liquid compositions as an extractant in the processes of the selective purification of the oil distillates.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78242697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5918
V. Chursin, E. Panfilov
Comparative studies of the deposition of tanning chromium compounds from waste tanning solutions of tannery production containing from 3 to 5 g/l chromium oxide were carried out, using as a chemical reagents a suspension of magnesium hydroxide and sodium carbonate solution. It is shown that the main factors influencing the precipitation process are the pH value and the consumption of the precipitant. The costs of reagents contributing to complete precipitation of chromium compounds in the form of a hydroxide are established. The high efficiency of the use of a suspension of magnesium hydroxide as a precipitator is shown, due to the higher deposition rate and the absence of chromium compounds in the supernatant. The rate of precipitation of chromium using a slurry of magnesium hydroxide is 4.9 cm3/min, and using sodium carbonate 2.5 cm3/min. In the supernatant, after precipitation with sodium carbonate, traces of chromium oxide are found - less than 2.53 g/l. It is shown that when using a suspension of magnesium hydroxide for the precipitation of chromium, periodic mixing of the liquid is necessary to more completely dissolve the precipitator, which in the first stage after dosing drops out of the solution as a precipitate. When sodium carbonate is used, the formation of hydroxyl ions occurs much faster than in the case of a suspension of magnesium hydroxide. However, the formed sediment has a rather loose structure and is characterized by a high moisture content. The precipitate of chromium hydroxide obtained by using a suspension of magnesium hydroxide is characterized by a higher density and better filtration ability. A gradual increase in pH during the precipitation of a tanning solution with a suspension of magnesium hydroxide results in a precipitate with a large particle size and lower humidity.
{"title":"PRECIPITATION OF CHROMIUM-CONTAINING TANNING SOLUTION OF SUSPENSION MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE","authors":"V. Chursin, E. Panfilov","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5918","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative studies of the deposition of tanning chromium compounds from waste tanning solutions of tannery production containing from 3 to 5 g/l chromium oxide were carried out, using as a chemical reagents a suspension of magnesium hydroxide and sodium carbonate solution. It is shown that the main factors influencing the precipitation process are the pH value and the consumption of the precipitant. The costs of reagents contributing to complete precipitation of chromium compounds in the form of a hydroxide are established. The high efficiency of the use of a suspension of magnesium hydroxide as a precipitator is shown, due to the higher deposition rate and the absence of chromium compounds in the supernatant. The rate of precipitation of chromium using a slurry of magnesium hydroxide is 4.9 cm3/min, and using sodium carbonate 2.5 cm3/min. In the supernatant, after precipitation with sodium carbonate, traces of chromium oxide are found - less than 2.53 g/l. It is shown that when using a suspension of magnesium hydroxide for the precipitation of chromium, periodic mixing of the liquid is necessary to more completely dissolve the precipitator, which in the first stage after dosing drops out of the solution as a precipitate. When sodium carbonate is used, the formation of hydroxyl ions occurs much faster than in the case of a suspension of magnesium hydroxide. However, the formed sediment has a rather loose structure and is characterized by a high moisture content. The precipitate of chromium hydroxide obtained by using a suspension of magnesium hydroxide is characterized by a higher density and better filtration ability. A gradual increase in pH during the precipitation of a tanning solution with a suspension of magnesium hydroxide results in a precipitate with a large particle size and lower humidity.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85421567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5934
V. Zhukov, D. Osipov, E. MizonovVadim, T. Wyleciał
It is shown that the developed earlier model of joint grinding of dissimilar particulate solids based on the discrete models of the Boltzmann equation does not take into account the possible size and density classification of particles and the operating of technological equipment in a closed milling circuit. It is substantiated that the problem of improving the efficiency of separation of mixture components, based on the analysis of their treatment in a closed milling circuit is an actual problem in the field. Theoretical investigations were based on the discrete models of the Boltzmann equation and the methods of their solution related to the technology of treatment of dissimilar components mixture. A special program for measurements and experimental data treatment obtained at the laboratory fluidized bed jet mill and the impact mill was developed for the experimental investigations. In the course of computational and experimental study a mathematical model of classification of dissimilar components was proposed and tested as well as the algorithm of its implementation into the general model of a closed milling circuit. The computational investigations were carried out to estimate the model sensitivity to the input parameters disturbance. The directions of improving the efficiency of the objective component separation in the closed milling circuit with the fluidized bed jet mill are found. The developed model the closed milling circuit for grinding dissimilar particulate solids can be used in engineering practice with acceptable accuracy. It can be used to estimate the possible enrichment of particulate solids mixtures and to define the optimal technological conditions of their separation with taking into account the limitations on the objective product impurity. The paths are outlined and the order of selection of the parameters of the grinding processes and the classification for effective separation of the components of the mixture are shown.
{"title":"MODELING AND CALCULATION OF GRINDING AND CLASSIFICATION OF MIXTURE OF DISSIMILAR COMPONENTS IN CLOSED MILLING CIRCUIT","authors":"V. Zhukov, D. Osipov, E. MizonovVadim, T. Wyleciał","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5934","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that the developed earlier model of joint grinding of dissimilar particulate solids based on the discrete models of the Boltzmann equation does not take into account the possible size and density classification of particles and the operating of technological equipment in a closed milling circuit. It is substantiated that the problem of improving the efficiency of separation of mixture components, based on the analysis of their treatment in a closed milling circuit is an actual problem in the field. Theoretical investigations were based on the discrete models of the Boltzmann equation and the methods of their solution related to the technology of treatment of dissimilar components mixture. A special program for measurements and experimental data treatment obtained at the laboratory fluidized bed jet mill and the impact mill was developed for the experimental investigations. In the course of computational and experimental study a mathematical model of classification of dissimilar components was proposed and tested as well as the algorithm of its implementation into the general model of a closed milling circuit. The computational investigations were carried out to estimate the model sensitivity to the input parameters disturbance. The directions of improving the efficiency of the objective component separation in the closed milling circuit with the fluidized bed jet mill are found. The developed model the closed milling circuit for grinding dissimilar particulate solids can be used in engineering practice with acceptable accuracy. It can be used to estimate the possible enrichment of particulate solids mixtures and to define the optimal technological conditions of their separation with taking into account the limitations on the objective product impurity. The paths are outlined and the order of selection of the parameters of the grinding processes and the classification for effective separation of the components of the mixture are shown.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86781542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5926
J. Krawczyk, Katarzyna Kocewiak, Jean Talaga, I. Postnikova
The high efficiency of intensive operation of wet scrubbers is the result of a simultaneous formation of different mechanisms of dust particle collectors. The collectors can be understood as droplets of atomised liquid, bubbles formed in the conditions of intensive barbotage, liquid surface and wet surfaces. All collectors are formed during the operation of the circulating unit. The deposition of dust particles from gas occurs as a result of centrifugal forces and secondary circulations in the guide duct as well as the effect of the water curtain, liquid barbotage and the flow of dusty gas through the droplet-splash layer. Discussions substantiating the possibility of confirming the effect of suspension viscosity on the efficiency of the dust collection process can be related both to the analysis of basic mechanisms affecting the deposition of particles on liquid collectors and the conditions of generating collectors. In total liquid recirculation in wet dedusting equipment, concentration of solids in a liquid rises. In such conditions, a gradual decrease in their dedusting efficiency is possible. The effect depends on dust physiochemical properties, kinetic energy of particles, the type of equipment used, and specifically on the way of organization of the contact of the liquid and gas phases. Studies of the effectiveness of dedusting depending on various factors are given in the next article by the same authors.
{"title":"MECHANISMS OF TRAPPING FINE DUST IN WET DUST COLLECTING APPARATUS","authors":"J. Krawczyk, Katarzyna Kocewiak, Jean Talaga, I. Postnikova","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5926","url":null,"abstract":"The high efficiency of intensive operation of wet scrubbers is the result of a simultaneous formation of different mechanisms of dust particle collectors. The collectors can be understood as droplets of atomised liquid, bubbles formed in the conditions of intensive barbotage, liquid surface and wet surfaces. All collectors are formed during the operation of the circulating unit. The deposition of dust particles from gas occurs as a result of centrifugal forces and secondary circulations in the guide duct as well as the effect of the water curtain, liquid barbotage and the flow of dusty gas through the droplet-splash layer. Discussions substantiating the possibility of confirming the effect of suspension viscosity on the efficiency of the dust collection process can be related both to the analysis of basic mechanisms affecting the deposition of particles on liquid collectors and the conditions of generating collectors. In total liquid recirculation in wet dedusting equipment, concentration of solids in a liquid rises. In such conditions, a gradual decrease in their dedusting efficiency is possible. The effect depends on dust physiochemical properties, kinetic energy of particles, the type of equipment used, and specifically on the way of organization of the contact of the liquid and gas phases. Studies of the effectiveness of dedusting depending on various factors are given in the next article by the same authors.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77075402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5950
E. Gotlib, T. Nguyen, Dmitry G. Miloslavskiy, R. Akhmedyanova
The search for rational areas of industrial use of rubber seed oil for the countries of Southeast Asia, South America and Africa, where Hevea brasiliensis grows in vast areas, is of great practical and scientific interest, both from ecological, economic and technical points of view. In this regard, the studies of the preparation and the use of epoxidized rubber seed oil are important. Due to the presence of double bonds, this vegetable oil is relatively easily functionalized. The epoxidation of rubber seed oil was carried out by us with hydrogen peroxide under the conditions of interphase catalysis in the presence of tungsten-containing catalysts. Epoxidized vegetable oils are of great interest as reactive modifiers for epoxy-diane polymers. For comparison with ERSO, industrial epoxidized soybean oil was investigated. Modification by both epoxidized rubber seed oil and epoxidized soybean oil of epoxy compositions cured with amines of different chemical structure, causes a significant increase in their hardness, wear resistance and improved antifriction indicators. The content of the gel fraction is reduced, that is, the density of the cross-linked structure of epoxy coatings formed in the presence of epoxidized rubber seed oil and soybean oil, which are partially included in the structure, and partially perform the functions of plasticizing agents, decreases. A similar effect was found when epoxy polymers modifying with epoxidized palm trees oil. The decrease cross-linked density of epoxy polymers modified with epoxidized vegetable oils causes an increase in the mobility of the elements of the structure, due to the presence of flexible fragments in the modifiers. This greatly make easier the relaxation processes in the composition, which helps to reduce internal stresses and improve properties. Moreover, epoxidized soybean oil to a greater extent reduces wear and friction coefficient of epoxy coatings, compared with epoxidized rubber seed oil.
{"title":"EPOXIDATED RUBBER SEED OIL AND SOY AS EFFECTIVE MODIFIERS OF EPOXY POLYMERS","authors":"E. Gotlib, T. Nguyen, Dmitry G. Miloslavskiy, R. Akhmedyanova","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5950","url":null,"abstract":"The search for rational areas of industrial use of rubber seed oil for the countries of Southeast Asia, South America and Africa, where Hevea brasiliensis grows in vast areas, is of great practical and scientific interest, both from ecological, economic and technical points of view. In this regard, the studies of the preparation and the use of epoxidized rubber seed oil are important. Due to the presence of double bonds, this vegetable oil is relatively easily functionalized. The epoxidation of rubber seed oil was carried out by us with hydrogen peroxide under the conditions of interphase catalysis in the presence of tungsten-containing catalysts. Epoxidized vegetable oils are of great interest as reactive modifiers for epoxy-diane polymers. For comparison with ERSO, industrial epoxidized soybean oil was investigated. Modification by both epoxidized rubber seed oil and epoxidized soybean oil of epoxy compositions cured with amines of different chemical structure, causes a significant increase in their hardness, wear resistance and improved antifriction indicators. The content of the gel fraction is reduced, that is, the density of the cross-linked structure of epoxy coatings formed in the presence of epoxidized rubber seed oil and soybean oil, which are partially included in the structure, and partially perform the functions of plasticizing agents, decreases. A similar effect was found when epoxy polymers modifying with epoxidized palm trees oil. The decrease cross-linked density of epoxy polymers modified with epoxidized vegetable oils causes an increase in the mobility of the elements of the structure, due to the presence of flexible fragments in the modifiers. This greatly make easier the relaxation processes in the composition, which helps to reduce internal stresses and improve properties. Moreover, epoxidized soybean oil to a greater extent reduces wear and friction coefficient of epoxy coatings, compared with epoxidized rubber seed oil.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83271551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5929
N. V. Sharonova, A. Ischenko, E. Yagudaeva, S. Sizova, E. V. Smirnova, A. Ermakova, A. Sviridov, V. Zubov
In this paper, it is proposed to use polymer-modified composite materials based on nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) as an alternative to organic fluorescent quantum dots traditionally used in medicine. A distinctive feature of nc-Si is a high absorption coefficient in the near UV and blue-violet range and the ability to transmit light in the visible region of the spectrum. The main advantage of silicon-based nanoparticles for in vivo use is their biodegradability and the absence of toxic properties. For hydrophilization of silicon nanoparticles, their surface was modified by amphiphilic biocompatible polymers: polyvinylpyrrolidone, a copolymer of maleic anhydride and 1-octadecene, cremophore, which is a polyoxyethylene derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. Silicon nanoparticles (nc-Si) with an average diameter of 4.5 nm, synthesized by annealing of SiO at 1150 °C, and functionalized with 1-octadecene photoluminescent in the red-infrared spectral region were used. The presence of the polymer shell on the surface of the nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The sedimentation and aggregative stability of the particles in water were analyzed. It is shown that after the nc-Si polymer modification, the photoluminescent properties of nanoparticles are retained although the photoluminesce maxima were shifted to the blue region. Colorimetric MTT-assay of the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles modified with polymers to monoclonal cells of human erythroleukemia K562 showed no toxicity for cells in culture at a particle concentration of up to 50 μg/ml. Subcellular localization of silicon nanoparticles into the human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa was shown by means of fluorescence microscopy. The obtained polymer-modified nc-Si particles can be recommended for the purposes of bioimaging in in vitro and in vivo applications.
{"title":"MODIFICATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON BY POLYMERS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS","authors":"N. V. Sharonova, A. Ischenko, E. Yagudaeva, S. Sizova, E. V. Smirnova, A. Ermakova, A. Sviridov, V. Zubov","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5929","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is proposed to use polymer-modified composite materials based on nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) as an alternative to organic fluorescent quantum dots traditionally used in medicine. A distinctive feature of nc-Si is a high absorption coefficient in the near UV and blue-violet range and the ability to transmit light in the visible region of the spectrum. The main advantage of silicon-based nanoparticles for in vivo use is their biodegradability and the absence of toxic properties. For hydrophilization of silicon nanoparticles, their surface was modified by amphiphilic biocompatible polymers: polyvinylpyrrolidone, a copolymer of maleic anhydride and 1-octadecene, cremophore, which is a polyoxyethylene derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. Silicon nanoparticles (nc-Si) with an average diameter of 4.5 nm, synthesized by annealing of SiO at 1150 °C, and functionalized with 1-octadecene photoluminescent in the red-infrared spectral region were used. The presence of the polymer shell on the surface of the nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The sedimentation and aggregative stability of the particles in water were analyzed. It is shown that after the nc-Si polymer modification, the photoluminescent properties of nanoparticles are retained although the photoluminesce maxima were shifted to the blue region. Colorimetric MTT-assay of the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles modified with polymers to monoclonal cells of human erythroleukemia K562 showed no toxicity for cells in culture at a particle concentration of up to 50 μg/ml. Subcellular localization of silicon nanoparticles into the human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa was shown by means of fluorescence microscopy. The obtained polymer-modified nc-Si particles can be recommended for the purposes of bioimaging in in vitro and in vivo applications.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90914934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5946
Еlena A. Farberova, Elena A. Tingaeva, K. Kuzminykh, S. Smirnov
The present work is devoted to the study of the dependence of ammonia chemical absorber properties on the conditions of the absorber synthesis. As a chemical absorber carrier the granulated active carbon of AG type with sorption space maximum volume of 0.512 cm3/g and with micropore volume of 0.414 cm3/g was used. The copper sulfate (II) salt was taken as an ammonia-reactive additive. Samples of the chemical absorber were obtained by impregnating the carbon carrier with a hot solution of the active component. The impregnating solution was prepared by two methods: traditional one, with dissolving the salt sample in hot water and the second one, with the use of ultrasonic treatment. It was found that with an increase in CuSO4 total content in the absorber to 9% by weight the proportion of bound (inactive) copper decreased; however, at the content above this value the share of bound (inactive) copper (II) form in the chemical absorber practically did not change. The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups with basic character on the active carbon surface leads to their interaction with copper (II) ions of the impregnating solution and deactivates them as related to ammonia. The change in the nature of the chemical absorber porous structure when adding a copper sulfate (II) active additive onto the surface of the active AG coal depending on conditions of impregnating solution preparation and the semi-product drying rate is shown. Studies on the use of ultrasound in the preparation of copper sulfate solution have been conducted. Such use leads to the formation of active additive crystallites on the carrier surface. These crystallites are of much smaller size (1–5 nm) in comparison with ones formed by the thermal method of solution preparation (8–12 nm). Herewith, the capacity of the chemical absorber as related to ammonia increases by 3.5–4.5 times.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF CARBON CHEMICAL ABSORBER FOR AMMONIA","authors":"Еlena A. Farberova, Elena A. Tingaeva, K. Kuzminykh, S. Smirnov","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5946","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is devoted to the study of the dependence of ammonia chemical absorber properties on the conditions of the absorber synthesis. As a chemical absorber carrier the granulated active carbon of AG type with sorption space maximum volume of 0.512 cm3/g and with micropore volume of 0.414 cm3/g was used. The copper sulfate (II) salt was taken as an ammonia-reactive additive. Samples of the chemical absorber were obtained by impregnating the carbon carrier with a hot solution of the active component. The impregnating solution was prepared by two methods: traditional one, with dissolving the salt sample in hot water and the second one, with the use of ultrasonic treatment. It was found that with an increase in CuSO4 total content in the absorber to 9% by weight the proportion of bound (inactive) copper decreased; however, at the content above this value the share of bound (inactive) copper (II) form in the chemical absorber practically did not change. The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups with basic character on the active carbon surface leads to their interaction with copper (II) ions of the impregnating solution and deactivates them as related to ammonia. The change in the nature of the chemical absorber porous structure when adding a copper sulfate (II) active additive onto the surface of the active AG coal depending on conditions of impregnating solution preparation and the semi-product drying rate is shown. Studies on the use of ultrasound in the preparation of copper sulfate solution have been conducted. Such use leads to the formation of active additive crystallites on the carrier surface. These crystallites are of much smaller size (1–5 nm) in comparison with ones formed by the thermal method of solution preparation (8–12 nm). Herewith, the capacity of the chemical absorber as related to ammonia increases by 3.5–4.5 times.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89335318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5909
B. Tonkonogov, Anastasiya Yu. Kilyakova, Sabina Z. Shumakaeva, V. Vinokurov, R. Safieva, O. Popova, O. Parenago
This article presents first results of the investigated physico-chemical and operational parameters of composition greases obtained with the use of esters of different nature as a dispersion medium and the polyurea as a thickening agent, including the addition of nanocellulose. The choice of the ester base for the production of greases is possible due, on the one hand, to good combination of the physico-chemical properties (high viscosity index, low volatility, high flash and ignition temperature, low pour point, good anti-wear properties). On the other hand, in the production of greases with good ecological characteristics biodegradability of its components is of great importance, which in this case is provided by the use of esters as an oil base and an organic thickener, nanocellulose, as a component of the polyurea dispersed phase. It has been shown that from the dicarboxylic acid esters studied, the polyurea greases based on dioctyl adipate are superior to the dropping point and better colloidal stability as compared to dioctyl sebacate and dibutyl sebacate. The smaller size of the ether molecule provides the stronger structure of the polyurea grease. Similarly, for branched ethers, the grease based on tri-basic alcohols is more effective than the four-basic alcohols. The possibility of using nanocellulose as a thickener component was demonstrated. An increase in the content of nanocellulose to 3.5% increases the colloidal stability and the dropping temperature of the synthesized greases. The obtained samples have a wider range of operating temperatures, better rheological indicators than imported and domestic analogues.
{"title":"USING OF ESTERS AS DISPERSION MEDIUM OF POLYUREA PLASTIC GREASES","authors":"B. Tonkonogov, Anastasiya Yu. Kilyakova, Sabina Z. Shumakaeva, V. Vinokurov, R. Safieva, O. Popova, O. Parenago","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.5909","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents first results of the investigated physico-chemical and operational parameters of composition greases obtained with the use of esters of different nature as a dispersion medium and the polyurea as a thickening agent, including the addition of nanocellulose. The choice of the ester base for the production of greases is possible due, on the one hand, to good combination of the physico-chemical properties (high viscosity index, low volatility, high flash and ignition temperature, low pour point, good anti-wear properties). On the other hand, in the production of greases with good ecological characteristics biodegradability of its components is of great importance, which in this case is provided by the use of esters as an oil base and an organic thickener, nanocellulose, as a component of the polyurea dispersed phase. It has been shown that from the dicarboxylic acid esters studied, the polyurea greases based on dioctyl adipate are superior to the dropping point and better colloidal stability as compared to dioctyl sebacate and dibutyl sebacate. The smaller size of the ether molecule provides the stronger structure of the polyurea grease. Similarly, for branched ethers, the grease based on tri-basic alcohols is more effective than the four-basic alcohols. The possibility of using nanocellulose as a thickener component was demonstrated. An increase in the content of nanocellulose to 3.5% increases the colloidal stability and the dropping temperature of the synthesized greases. The obtained samples have a wider range of operating temperatures, better rheological indicators than imported and domestic analogues.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87024040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-30DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.6065
A. Latypova, D. Filippov, O. Lefedova, A. Bykov, V. Doluda
New types of nickel catalysts are proposed. They are formed during the surface deposition of nickel polynuclear hydroxo complexes on powdered carriers with subsequent reduction to the metal. This method of synthesis is environmentally friendly, safe and waste-free technology. Industrial wastewater will contain only an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate. The catalytic activity was determined by the p-nitroaniline hydrogenation at 240 °C and 40 bar of hydrogen pressure. The properties and characteristics of the catalysts were studied using thermo-programmable desorption of ammonia, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst may accelerate the process with NiO, NiO, γ-NiOOH and Ni(OH)2 compounds, while for Ni/SiO2 these are NiO, NiO, Ni2O3, γ-NiOOH and Ni(OH)2. However, pre-activation of the sample is necessary. The solution of this problem can be the catalyst activation in a gas atmosphere under hydrogen pressure, but at a lower temperature of about 250 °C. Changes in the metal content in the catalysts before and after use may be associated with the mutual transformations of modifications, which may or may not depend on the catalysis of the hydrogenation process. We established that the catalyst supported on gamma alumina was 10 times more active than the catalyst on silicon oxide. The discovery of the mechanism of transformations between modifications of oxides and metal hydroxides is of considerable interest in the development of new selective and environmentally friendly catalysts.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGENATION NICKEL CATALYSTS","authors":"A. Latypova, D. Filippov, O. Lefedova, A. Bykov, V. Doluda","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.6065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196209.6065","url":null,"abstract":"New types of nickel catalysts are proposed. They are formed during the surface deposition of nickel polynuclear hydroxo complexes on powdered carriers with subsequent reduction to the metal. This method of synthesis is environmentally friendly, safe and waste-free technology. Industrial wastewater will contain only an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate. The catalytic activity was determined by the p-nitroaniline hydrogenation at 240 °C and 40 bar of hydrogen pressure. The properties and characteristics of the catalysts were studied using thermo-programmable desorption of ammonia, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst may accelerate the process with NiO, NiO, γ-NiOOH and Ni(OH)2 compounds, while for Ni/SiO2 these are NiO, NiO, Ni2O3, γ-NiOOH and Ni(OH)2. However, pre-activation of the sample is necessary. The solution of this problem can be the catalyst activation in a gas atmosphere under hydrogen pressure, but at a lower temperature of about 250 °C. Changes in the metal content in the catalysts before and after use may be associated with the mutual transformations of modifications, which may or may not depend on the catalysis of the hydrogenation process. We established that the catalyst supported on gamma alumina was 10 times more active than the catalyst on silicon oxide. The discovery of the mechanism of transformations between modifications of oxides and metal hydroxides is of considerable interest in the development of new selective and environmentally friendly catalysts.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87183846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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