The issue of language has a privileged place in Greek intellectual discourse. In America the race question has been at the forefront of political discussions over the past century and a half; Italy has its Southern Question; in Greece it is the Language Question (to glossiko zitima), that has generated an analogous amount of pages and debate. Since the eighteenth century, well before independence, Greek intellectuals, school teachers, and priests have fought over which variety of the Greek language should be the official one: demotic, the language ‘of the people’, or katharevousa, a purist language that reintroduced elements of ancient Greek in order to ‘clean up’, or ‘purify’, spoken Greek, a language supposedly contaminated by centuries of Roman, Frankish, and Turkish rule. Which register of Greek a Greek spoke – and, even more importantly, wrote – was central to what it meant to be Greek. As scholars have amply shown, the language question and the particular problem of diglossia – in the Greek case the existence of two competing varieties of the language – have been enmeshed with the major developments and cultural struggles in modern Greek history from the nation’s inception to the present, as has been discussed by Peter Mackridge in chapter 13.1 Here I propose to shift the focus from the national to a diasporic perspective on the Language Question. I begin by rehearsing the familiar story of language reform
{"title":"The Language Question and the Diaspora","authors":"K. Dyck","doi":"10.7916/D80G3JCJ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D80G3JCJ","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of language has a privileged place in Greek intellectual discourse. In America the race question has been at the forefront of political discussions over the past century and a half; Italy has its Southern Question; in Greece it is the Language Question (to glossiko zitima), that has generated an analogous amount of pages and debate. Since the eighteenth century, well before independence, Greek intellectuals, school teachers, and priests have fought over which variety of the Greek language should be the official one: demotic, the language ‘of the people’, or katharevousa, a purist language that reintroduced elements of ancient Greek in order to ‘clean up’, or ‘purify’, spoken Greek, a language supposedly contaminated by centuries of Roman, Frankish, and Turkish rule. Which register of Greek a Greek spoke – and, even more importantly, wrote – was central to what it meant to be Greek. As scholars have amply shown, the language question and the particular problem of diglossia – in the Greek case the existence of two competing varieties of the language – have been enmeshed with the major developments and cultural struggles in modern Greek history from the nation’s inception to the present, as has been discussed by Peter Mackridge in chapter 13.1 Here I propose to shift the focus from the national to a diasporic perspective on the Language Question. I begin by rehearsing the familiar story of language reform","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"112 1","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80702498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivated by the growing demand for analysis tools for diverse natural and engineered DNA and RNA systems, we develop a general theory and set of computational algorithms to perform thermodynamic analysis of dilute reactive solutions and then apply these techniques to interacting nucleic acids. The theory correctly accounts for the effects of indistinguishability in partition function calculations for complexes of interacting strands. With partition functions in hand, the unique complex concentrations corresponding to thermodynamic equilibrium are obtained by solving a convex programming problem. Partition function and concentration information can then be used to calculate equilibrium base-pairing observables corresponding to experimentally measurable properties. The underlying physics and mathematical formulation of these problems lead to an interesting blend of approaches, including ideas from graph theory, group theory, dynamic programming, combinatorics, convex optimization, and Lagrange duality. To make these analysis tools available to researchers worldwide, we present NUPACK, a web-based software suite for thermodynamic analysis of nucleic acids. Its efficacy is demonstrated in example calculations and the results are shown to be in agreement with experiment. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of a DNA-based triggered self-assembly device [1] are analyzed using NUPACK and extensions of its tools. The computational results complement experimental studies, exposing novel properties about the system and dictating further research.
{"title":"Analysis of Interacting Nucleic Acids in Dilute Solutions","authors":"J. Bois","doi":"10.7907/2JCJ-SX75.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7907/2JCJ-SX75.","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the growing demand for analysis tools for diverse natural and engineered DNA and RNA systems, we develop a general theory and set of computational algorithms to perform thermodynamic analysis of dilute reactive solutions and then apply these techniques to interacting nucleic acids. The theory correctly accounts for the effects of indistinguishability in partition function calculations for complexes of interacting strands. With partition functions in hand, the unique complex concentrations corresponding to thermodynamic equilibrium are obtained by solving a convex programming problem. Partition function and concentration information can then be used to calculate equilibrium base-pairing observables corresponding to experimentally measurable properties. The underlying physics and mathematical formulation of these problems lead to an interesting blend of approaches, including ideas from graph theory, group theory, dynamic programming, combinatorics, convex optimization, and Lagrange duality. To make these analysis tools available to researchers worldwide, we present NUPACK, a web-based software suite for thermodynamic analysis of nucleic acids. Its efficacy is demonstrated in example calculations and the results are shown to be in agreement with experiment. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of a DNA-based triggered self-assembly device [1] are analyzed using NUPACK and extensions of its tools. The computational results complement experimental studies, exposing novel properties about the system and dictating further research.","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76384684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.731
Takumi Yamada, Y. Murakami, Taro Okada, M. Okamoto, Takeshi Shimizu, J. Toyama, Y. Yoshida, N. Tsuboi, T. Itoh, M. Mutoh, T. Kondo, Y. Inden, M. Hirai, T. Murohara
{"title":"Esophageal Leads Can be Useful for Determining the Strategy of PV Ablation to Avoid Complications Associated with the Esophagus(Arrhythmia, Non-pharmacological Therapy 4 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"Takumi Yamada, Y. Murakami, Taro Okada, M. Okamoto, Takeshi Shimizu, J. Toyama, Y. Yoshida, N. Tsuboi, T. Itoh, M. Mutoh, T. Kondo, Y. Inden, M. Hirai, T. Murohara","doi":"10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"5 1","pages":"495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84514741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.14849/PSJPROC.2005.0.S236.1
Y. Kuroko, N. Tokunaga, T. Yamazaki, T. Akiyama, K. Ishino, S. Sano, H. Mori
{"title":"Differential Norepinephrine Release Mechanisms in the Ischemic Myocardium and Skeletal Muscle(Autonomic Nervous System 3 (H), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"Y. Kuroko, N. Tokunaga, T. Yamazaki, T. Akiyama, K. Ishino, S. Sano, H. Mori","doi":"10.14849/PSJPROC.2005.0.S236.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14849/PSJPROC.2005.0.S236.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"130 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90210836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.471
Kimie Ohkubo, I. Watanabe, Y. Okumura, Sonoko Ashino, K. Hashimoto, Atsushi Shindo, Hidezou Sugimura, T. Nakai, Yasuhiro Takagi, Y. Kasamaki, Y. Ozawa, S. Saitoh
{"title":"Delay in Right Ventricular Activation Contributes to Brugada Syndrome : Electrophysiological and Pathological Study(Arrhythmia, Diagnosis/Pathophysiology/EPS 5 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"Kimie Ohkubo, I. Watanabe, Y. Okumura, Sonoko Ashino, K. Hashimoto, Atsushi Shindo, Hidezou Sugimura, T. Nakai, Yasuhiro Takagi, Y. Kasamaki, Y. Ozawa, S. Saitoh","doi":"10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"584 1","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77281242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Goda, S. Nakao, Makiko Naitoh, mio shutoh, Misao Otsuka, M. Yuba, Y. Naitoh, T. Tsujino, M. Ohyanagi, T. Masuyama
Background. Restrictive or pseudonormalized mitral flow velocity pattern (MFVP) is observed not only in patients with heart failure but also in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). It is important to assess the restrictive MFVP which is primarily due to functional deterioration of the left ventricle or due to MR in individual patients. We hypothesized that left atrial (LA) geometry may be used to estimate restrictive MFVP due to heart failure or MR.Methods. In addition to MFVP and LA chamber size, LA eccentricity index was determined as LA superior-inferior dimension ×2/(LA antero-posterior dimension + LA medio-lateral dimension) using 2-dimensional echocardiography in 61 sinus rhythm patients with LA volume of 35 ml or greater. Ten patients had congestive heart failure (CHF group), and 9, severe organic MR (MR group). LV diastolic dysfunction was the most likely explanation for the LA enlargement in the remaining 42 patients (DDF group).Results. There was no difference in mitral E/A ratio (peak early diastolic flow velocity/peak flow velocity at atrial contraction) or in LA chamber size between the MR and CHF groups, but the LA eccentric index was greater in the CHF and DDF groups than in the MR group indicating that LA geometry was spherical in the MR group and elongated in the CHF and DDF groups.Conclusions. Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the LA geometry is useful to determine whether the pseudonormalized or restrictive MFVP is due to functional deterioration of the left ventricle or due to MR.
{"title":"Value of the Measurements of Left Atrial Geometry in Patients with Normalized or Restrictive Mitral Flow Velocity Patterns (Heart Failure, Clinical 16 (M), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"A. Goda, S. Nakao, Makiko Naitoh, mio shutoh, Misao Otsuka, M. Yuba, Y. Naitoh, T. Tsujino, M. Ohyanagi, T. Masuyama","doi":"10.2303/JECHO.3.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2303/JECHO.3.109","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Restrictive or pseudonormalized mitral flow velocity pattern (MFVP) is observed not only in patients with heart failure but also in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). It is important to assess the restrictive MFVP which is primarily due to functional deterioration of the left ventricle or due to MR in individual patients. We hypothesized that left atrial (LA) geometry may be used to estimate restrictive MFVP due to heart failure or MR.Methods. In addition to MFVP and LA chamber size, LA eccentricity index was determined as LA superior-inferior dimension ×2/(LA antero-posterior dimension + LA medio-lateral dimension) using 2-dimensional echocardiography in 61 sinus rhythm patients with LA volume of 35 ml or greater. Ten patients had congestive heart failure (CHF group), and 9, severe organic MR (MR group). LV diastolic dysfunction was the most likely explanation for the LA enlargement in the remaining 42 patients (DDF group).Results. There was no difference in mitral E/A ratio (peak early diastolic flow velocity/peak flow velocity at atrial contraction) or in LA chamber size between the MR and CHF groups, but the LA eccentric index was greater in the CHF and DDF groups than in the MR group indicating that LA geometry was spherical in the MR group and elongated in the CHF and DDF groups.Conclusions. Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the LA geometry is useful to determine whether the pseudonormalized or restrictive MFVP is due to functional deterioration of the left ventricle or due to MR.","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"15 1","pages":"622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77292674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.249
Atsuko Abe, T. Ikeda, S. Yusu, K. Nakamura, H. Ishiguro, S. Taniai, H. Mera, M. Yotsukura, H. Yoshino
{"title":"Prevalence of Brugada-Type Electrocardiograms with Class IC Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Tachyarrhythmias but no Risk-Stratifying Factors(ECG/Body Surface Potential Mapping/Holter 2 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"Atsuko Abe, T. Ikeda, S. Yusu, K. Nakamura, H. Ishiguro, S. Taniai, H. Mera, M. Yotsukura, H. Yoshino","doi":"10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"7 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82553282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.08.334
T. Dohi, K. Narui, T. Kasai, Y. Yazaki, H. Yokota, Yoshiro Kamoi, T. Seko, Takanobu Yamamoto, Y. Fujimoto, A. Maehara, H. Mitani, S. Ishiwata, T. Yamaguchi, S. Momomura
{"title":"Efficacy of Various Treatment Options in Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Congestive Heart Failure(Heart Failure, Clinical 14 (M), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"T. Dohi, K. Narui, T. Kasai, Y. Yazaki, H. Yokota, Yoshiro Kamoi, T. Seko, Takanobu Yamamoto, Y. Fujimoto, A. Maehara, H. Mitani, S. Ishiwata, T. Yamaguchi, S. Momomura","doi":"10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.08.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.08.334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"34 1","pages":"310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91005367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1016/J.CARDFAIL.2005.08.327
H. Ono, Masaharu Hirano, Y. Goseki, Michihiko Morisaki, M. Kawade, Masao Yamada, T. Ishiyama, H. Kobayashi, K. Teraoka, A. Yamashina
{"title":"Feasibility of Cardiac CT for Detecting the Optimum Coronary Sinus Branch in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy(Arrhythmia, Diagnosis/Pathophysiology/EPS 11 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"H. Ono, Masaharu Hirano, Y. Goseki, Michihiko Morisaki, M. Kawade, Masao Yamada, T. Ishiyama, H. Kobayashi, K. Teraoka, A. Yamashina","doi":"10.1016/J.CARDFAIL.2005.08.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARDFAIL.2005.08.327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"47 6 1","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88539446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.470
S. Nagase, K. Kusano, Nobuhiro Nishii, K. Banba, Atsuyuki Watanabe, Kazufumi Nakamura, H. Saitou, T. Emori, T. Ohe
{"title":"Mechanism of Brugada Type ECG : Late Repolarization in Epicardium at Right Ventricular Outflow Tract(Arrhythmia, Diagnosis/Pathophysiology/EPS 2 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)","authors":"S. Nagase, K. Kusano, Nobuhiro Nishii, K. Banba, Atsuyuki Watanabe, Kazufumi Nakamura, H. Saitou, T. Emori, T. Ohe","doi":"10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HRTHM.2005.02.470","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14644,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition","volume":"3 1","pages":"368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85383237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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