Polyherbal preparations have gained much attention as a potential source for discovering new drug therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present investigation aims to determine in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity and the antioxidant potential of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of a polyherbal mixture prepared from equal amounts of garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.), curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L. Sprengel), black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) and rath goraka fruits (Garcinia quaesita Pierre). The standardization and in vitro antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activities were determined using standard methods. The in vivo acute antihyperglycemic activity of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts was determined using an oral glucose tolerance test in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Highest significant in vitro antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH free radical scavenging (24.71 ± 0.01 ppm, p = 0.02) and reducing antioxidant power of ferric ion (23.29 ± 0.78 mol/dm3, p = 0.01) and in vitro antidiabetic properties in terms of α-amylase (25.74 ± 0.60 ppm, p = 0.01) and α-glucosidase (22.37 ± 0.06 ppm, p = 0.02) inhibition activities were observed in the hexane extract when compared with the respective standard compounds, ascorbic for antioxidant (DPPH 6.78 ± 0.03 ppm; FRAP 25.02 ± 0.21 mol/dm3) and acarbose for antidiabetic activity (α-amylase 5.68 ± 0.35 ppm; α-glucosidase 17.11 ± 0.62 ppm). In the glucose tolerance test, a significant improvement of glucose tolerance was found in the hexane (17.38%) and ethyl acetate (15.81%) extracts-treated groups at the therapeutic dose against the diabetic control group (p < 0.05). The results obtained from the present evaluation showed that the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the polyherbal mixture could be considered as a potential source for developing antidiabetic agents targeting the management of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of a Standardized Polyherbal Mixture Used in Traditional Medicine","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/17.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/17.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Polyherbal preparations have gained much attention as a potential source for discovering new drug therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present investigation aims to determine in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity and the antioxidant potential of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of a polyherbal mixture prepared from equal amounts of garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.), curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L. Sprengel), black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) and rath goraka fruits (Garcinia quaesita Pierre). The standardization and in vitro antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activities were determined using standard methods. The in vivo acute antihyperglycemic activity of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts was determined using an oral glucose tolerance test in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Highest significant in vitro antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH free radical scavenging (24.71 ± 0.01 ppm, p = 0.02) and reducing antioxidant power of ferric ion (23.29 ± 0.78 mol/dm3, p = 0.01) and in vitro antidiabetic properties in terms of α-amylase (25.74 ± 0.60 ppm, p = 0.01) and α-glucosidase (22.37 ± 0.06 ppm, p = 0.02) inhibition activities were observed in the hexane extract when compared with the respective standard compounds, ascorbic for antioxidant (DPPH 6.78 ± 0.03 ppm; FRAP 25.02 ± 0.21 mol/dm3) and acarbose for antidiabetic activity (α-amylase 5.68 ± 0.35 ppm; α-glucosidase 17.11 ± 0.62 ppm). In the glucose tolerance test, a significant improvement of glucose tolerance was found in the hexane (17.38%) and ethyl acetate (15.81%) extracts-treated groups at the therapeutic dose against the diabetic control group (p < 0.05). The results obtained from the present evaluation showed that the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the polyherbal mixture could be considered as a potential source for developing antidiabetic agents targeting the management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47933837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium (IV) oxide-flamboyant seeds activated carbon (TiO2-FSAC) composite was studied as a promising adsorbent for p-nitroaniline (p-NA) removal from aqueous media using batch technique. The surface characteristics of the composite were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersed X-ray Spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The results showed that TiO2-FSAC is highly porous with a surface area of 601.77 m2/g and pore diameter in the mesoporous region. Box-Behnken design (BBD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimization of four operating parameters: initial p-NA concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and time. The results revealed that the amount of p-NA adsorbed increased with an increase in initial p-NA concentration, low pH, and low adsorbent dosage and was not affected by time in the investigated range. The correlation between p-NA adsorption by TiO2-FSAC and the process variables was sufficiently established by the quadratic model with a high R2 value (0.973), which is in agreement with adjusted R2 (0.945). The optimum amount of p-NA adsorbed was 45.0 mg/g accomplished at Co = 300 mg/L, pH 2, 0.1 g adsorbent dosage and 362.5 min time.
{"title":"Optimization of p-Nitroaniline Adsorption from Aqueous Medium by TiO2-Flamboyant Seeds Activated Carbon Composite","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/17.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/17.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium (IV) oxide-flamboyant seeds activated carbon (TiO2-FSAC) composite was studied as a promising adsorbent for p-nitroaniline (p-NA) removal from aqueous media using batch technique. The surface characteristics of the composite were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersed X-ray Spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The results showed that TiO2-FSAC is highly porous with a surface area of 601.77 m2/g and pore diameter in the mesoporous region. Box-Behnken design (BBD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimization of four operating parameters: initial p-NA concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and time. The results revealed that the amount of p-NA adsorbed increased with an increase in initial p-NA concentration, low pH, and low adsorbent dosage and was not affected by time in the investigated range. The correlation between p-NA adsorption by TiO2-FSAC and the process variables was sufficiently established by the quadratic model with a high R2 value (0.973), which is in agreement with adjusted R2 (0.945). The optimum amount of p-NA adsorbed was 45.0 mg/g accomplished at Co = 300 mg/L, pH 2, 0.1 g adsorbent dosage and 362.5 min time.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47716958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, two Schiff bases, 2-(ferrocen-1-yl-methyliden)amino-4-methylphenol (HSB1) and 2-(ferrocen-1-yl-methyliden)amino-4-chloro-5-nitrophenol (HSB2), and three benzimidazole derivatives containing the ferrocene group, 2-[(ferrocen-1-yl)-5-x-6-y-1H-benzimidazole ({x = methyl, y = H} BZ1, {x = methyl, y = methyl} BZ2 and {x = chloro, y = nitro} BZ3), and their CoCl2 complexes were synthesized and characterized. Magnetic moment and molar conductivity properties of the complexes were measured. Electrochemical data obtained by cyclic voltammetry exhibits quasi-reversible one-electron redox behavior for the ligands and the complexes. In addition, antimicrobial activities of the compounds were tested against six bacteria and three fungi. It was observed that the compounds have a wide range of antimicrobial activities on the test microorganisms. It was found that the non-chelate complexes are more effective than the other complexes and ligands. The highest antifungal activity was exhibited by the Co(II) complex of BZ2 against C. parapsilosis with a MIC value of 19.5 µg/mL.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Schiff Bases and Benzimidazoles Including Ferrocene Group and Their CoCl2 Complexes","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/17.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/17.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two Schiff bases, 2-(ferrocen-1-yl-methyliden)amino-4-methylphenol (HSB1) and 2-(ferrocen-1-yl-methyliden)amino-4-chloro-5-nitrophenol (HSB2), and three benzimidazole derivatives containing the ferrocene group, 2-[(ferrocen-1-yl)-5-x-6-y-1H-benzimidazole ({x = methyl, y = H} BZ1, {x = methyl, y = methyl} BZ2 and {x = chloro, y = nitro} BZ3), and their CoCl2 complexes were synthesized and characterized. Magnetic moment and molar conductivity properties of the complexes were measured. Electrochemical data obtained by cyclic voltammetry exhibits quasi-reversible one-electron redox behavior for the ligands and the complexes. In addition, antimicrobial activities of the compounds were tested against six bacteria and three fungi. It was observed that the compounds have a wide range of antimicrobial activities on the test microorganisms. It was found that the non-chelate complexes are more effective than the other complexes and ligands. The highest antifungal activity was exhibited by the Co(II) complex of BZ2 against C. parapsilosis with a MIC value of 19.5 µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41738744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most studies on bryophyte species in Syria were carried out for bryofloristic purposes; however, research on biochemical contents is still limited. The present study aimed to determine the fatty acids (FAs) content in four moss species (E. praelongum, R. murale, B. erythrorrhizon and A. riparium) widely spread in certain regions in Syria using GC-MS; fatty acids extraction by n-hexane was assisted by ultrasound to increase the extraction yield. The four moss species contained very long chain-polyunsaturtaed fatty acids (vl-PUFAs) larger than C18, like 20:5 (6–12%) and 20:4 (1–13%), and they also contained very long chain-saturated fatty acids (vl-SFAs), such as 24:0 (1–1.4%) and 26:0 (0–0.5%). FAs concentrations were highly different among the studied bryophytes. Palmitic acid 16:0 was identified as the main component in both E. praelongum and R. murale, while linoleic acid 18:2 and linolenic acid 18:3 constituted the main components in B. erythrorrhizon and A. riparium. FAs analysis showed a very high content of vl-PUFAs ranging between 12% and 24% for linoleic acid 18:2, from 19% to 21% for linolenic acid 18:3 and from 1% to 13% for arachidonic acid 20:4. Statistical analysis using Neighbor joining algorithm showed two clusters according to the original regions and confirmed the role of environmental factors on fatty acids content. The present study aimed to underline the importance of bryophytes as nutritionally rich species for further appropriate utilizations.
{"title":"Characterization of Fatty Acids Profile in Some Moss Species in Syria","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/17.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/17.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on bryophyte species in Syria were carried out for bryofloristic purposes; however, research on biochemical contents is still limited. The present study aimed to determine the fatty acids (FAs) content in four moss species (E. praelongum, R. murale, B. erythrorrhizon and A. riparium) widely spread in certain regions in Syria using GC-MS; fatty acids extraction by n-hexane was assisted by ultrasound to increase the extraction yield. The four moss species contained very long chain-polyunsaturtaed fatty acids (vl-PUFAs) larger than C18, like 20:5 (6–12%) and 20:4 (1–13%), and they also contained very long chain-saturated fatty acids (vl-SFAs), such as 24:0 (1–1.4%) and 26:0 (0–0.5%). FAs concentrations were highly different among the studied bryophytes. Palmitic acid 16:0 was identified as the main component in both E. praelongum and R. murale, while linoleic acid 18:2 and linolenic acid 18:3 constituted the main components in B. erythrorrhizon and A. riparium. FAs analysis showed a very high content of vl-PUFAs ranging between 12% and 24% for linoleic acid 18:2, from 19% to 21% for linolenic acid 18:3 and from 1% to 13% for arachidonic acid 20:4. Statistical analysis using Neighbor joining algorithm showed two clusters according to the original regions and confirmed the role of environmental factors on fatty acids content. The present study aimed to underline the importance of bryophytes as nutritionally rich species for further appropriate utilizations.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44532760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals and the study of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of fruit pulps of three abundant banana varieties grown in Sri Lanka. Aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of nearly three-month-old fruit pulps of Musa accuminata AAA, Musa accuminata AAB and Musa balbisiana ABB were prepared by shaking fresh, chopped banana pulps in the above-mentioned solvents separately. The standard spectrophotometric methods were used to quantify the alkaloids, flavonoids, condensed tannins and phenolic compounds contents of four solvent extracts of each banana variety. Among them, the ethanol extract of M. accuminata AAB possessed the highest total alkaloid content, while the ethanol extract of M. balbisiana ABB exhibited the highest total flavonoid content, total condensed tannin content and total phenolic content. The antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities of each banana variety were determined using standard 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ellman’s colorimetric assays, respectively. The ethanol extracts of M. accuminata AAB and M. balbisiana ABB demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity and AChE inhibitory activity, respectively. This reporting study revealed that M. balbisiana ABB and M. accuminata AAB could be recommended as promising sources of edible natural antioxidants and AChE inhibitors, respectively.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Fruit Pulps of Selected Banana Varieties","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/17.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/17.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals and the study of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of fruit pulps of three abundant banana varieties grown in Sri Lanka. Aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of nearly three-month-old fruit pulps of Musa accuminata AAA, Musa accuminata AAB and Musa balbisiana ABB were prepared by shaking fresh, chopped banana pulps in the above-mentioned solvents separately. The standard spectrophotometric methods were used to quantify the alkaloids, flavonoids, condensed tannins and phenolic compounds contents of four solvent extracts of each banana variety. Among them, the ethanol extract of M. accuminata AAB possessed the highest total alkaloid content, while the ethanol extract of M. balbisiana ABB exhibited the highest total flavonoid content, total condensed tannin content and total phenolic content. The antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities of each banana variety were determined using standard 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ellman’s colorimetric assays, respectively. The ethanol extracts of M. accuminata AAB and M. balbisiana ABB demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity and AChE inhibitory activity, respectively. This reporting study revealed that M. balbisiana ABB and M. accuminata AAB could be recommended as promising sources of edible natural antioxidants and AChE inhibitors, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46398050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: A major difficulty in the treatment of mycobacterial infection is its resistance against anti-mycobacterial drugs. Exploration of diverse targets, the search for novel chemical scaffolds and different methods of tuberculosis treatment are all basic measures needed in this perspective. In the same context, mycobacterial oxidative phosphorylation has received a lot of interest. It includes the electron transport system, which encompasses the cytochrome B component of the cytochrome bc1 complex (QcrB) which is a promising therapeutic target. The anti-tubercular drug Q203 (Telacebec), which is currently in phase 2 clinical trial, inhibits cytochrome B. The present study includes virtual screening studies from the ‘Zinc15’ chemical database, taking Q203 as a reference molecule, the creation of protein using homology modeling, molecular docking as well as simulation studies. The constructed protein showed considerable reliability, as results of the Ramachandran plot showed 92.8% amino acid residues in the favoured region, ERRAT score (overall quality factor) of 92.48% with ProSA (Z score) of –5.78. The hit molecules identified by structure-based virtual screening follow the Lipinski rule of five. The docking results indicated binding affinity values ranging from –7.19 to –9.10 kcal/mol. The top three compounds were ZINC64033452, ZINC3816287 and ZINC3830215, each having a higher docking score than the reference ligand (–7.70 kcal/mol). Leu174, Pro306, Ser304, Leu180, Glu314 and Thr313 are among the residues that cover the protein’s active site. The H-bond was observed in docking studies for Q203 and top three molecules from amino acid residues Glu314 and Thr313 and was consistent throughout dynamics studies. In a dynamics run of 20 ns, a stable RMSD was found after 8 ns for hit-molecules and Q203. Based on potential findings, we report that selected candidates are more likely to be used as anti-mycobacterial agents or as starting leads for the development of novel and potent anti-tubercular agents.
{"title":"Virtual Screening, Docking, ADMET and Molecular Dynamics: A Study to Find Novel Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Targeting QcrB","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A major difficulty in the treatment of mycobacterial infection is its resistance against anti-mycobacterial drugs. Exploration of diverse targets, the search for novel chemical scaffolds and different methods of tuberculosis treatment are all basic measures needed in this perspective. In the same context, mycobacterial oxidative phosphorylation has received a lot of interest. It includes the electron transport system, which encompasses the cytochrome B component of the cytochrome bc1 complex (QcrB) which is a promising therapeutic target. The anti-tubercular drug Q203 (Telacebec), which is currently in phase 2 clinical trial, inhibits cytochrome B. The present study includes virtual screening studies from the ‘Zinc15’ chemical database, taking Q203 as a reference molecule, the creation of protein using homology modeling, molecular docking as well as simulation studies. The constructed protein showed considerable reliability, as results of the Ramachandran plot showed 92.8% amino acid residues in the favoured region, ERRAT score (overall quality factor) of 92.48% with ProSA (Z score) of –5.78. The hit molecules identified by structure-based virtual screening follow the Lipinski rule of five. The docking results indicated binding affinity values ranging from –7.19 to –9.10 kcal/mol. The top three compounds were ZINC64033452, ZINC3816287 and ZINC3830215, each having a higher docking score than the reference ligand (–7.70 kcal/mol). Leu174, Pro306, Ser304, Leu180, Glu314 and Thr313 are among the residues that cover the protein’s active site. The H-bond was observed in docking studies for Q203 and top three molecules from amino acid residues Glu314 and Thr313 and was consistent throughout dynamics studies. In a dynamics run of 20 ns, a stable RMSD was found after 8 ns for hit-molecules and Q203. Based on potential findings, we report that selected candidates are more likely to be used as anti-mycobacterial agents or as starting leads for the development of novel and potent anti-tubercular agents.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/water emulsions were prepared by the flow-induced phase inversion technique using various molecular weights of PEG. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of molecular weight on the emulsification process. A Brabender® mixer was used for dispersing the polymers in water. The stability, morphology and particle size distribution were determined for the prepared emulsions. It was found that stability increases with increasing the molecular weight of PEG, approaching 96% for PEG with a molecular weight of 600000. The polymer particle size was in the submicron scale (0.10–0.17 µm), also increasing with increased PEG molecular weight. The PEG-6000 emulsion showed a relatively small median particle size (d50 = 0.27 µm), corresponding to 50% of the particles smaller than 0.27 µm in diameter, while PEG-600000 resulted in d50 over 2.9 µm. There was a noticeable increase of water content for the emulsion of PEG with a molecular weight of 600000.
{"title":"Polymeric Emulsions of Polyethylene Glycol in Water Prepared by Flow-induced Phase Inversion Emulsification: \u0000The Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/water emulsions were prepared by the flow-induced phase inversion technique using various molecular weights of PEG. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of molecular weight on the emulsification process. A Brabender® mixer was used for dispersing the polymers in water. The stability, morphology and particle size distribution were determined for the prepared emulsions. It was found that stability increases with increasing the molecular weight of PEG, approaching 96% for PEG with a molecular weight of 600000. The polymer particle size was in the submicron scale (0.10–0.17 µm), also increasing with increased PEG molecular weight. The PEG-6000 emulsion showed a relatively small median particle size (d50 = 0.27 µm), corresponding to 50% of the particles smaller than 0.27 µm in diameter, while PEG-600000 resulted in d50 over 2.9 µm. There was a noticeable increase of water content for the emulsion of PEG with a molecular weight of 600000.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Four new palladium complexes of mixed phosphine and N-containing heterocyclic thiolates are synthesized and characterized. The reaction of cis-(PPh3)2PdCl2 with N-containing heterocyclic thiols (Nhet-SH) occurred in the presence of a base and produced trans-(PPh3)2Pd(κS-S-Nhet)2 (S-Nhet = SC4H5N2 (1), S2C3H3N2 (2)). However, the correspond¬ing reaction of (dppf)PdCl2 with the same thiols produced cis-(dppf)Pd(κS-SN-het)2 (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; SC4H5N2 (3), S2C3H3N2 (4)). Complexes 1–4 are characterized by IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Phosphine/N-Containing Heterocyclic Thiolato Palladium Complexes","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Four new palladium complexes of mixed phosphine and N-containing heterocyclic thiolates are synthesized and characterized. The reaction of cis-(PPh3)2PdCl2 with N-containing heterocyclic thiols (Nhet-SH) occurred in the presence of a base and produced trans-(PPh3)2Pd(κS-S-Nhet)2 (S-Nhet = SC4H5N2 (1), S2C3H3N2 (2)). However, the correspond¬ing reaction of (dppf)PdCl2 with the same thiols produced cis-(dppf)Pd(κS-SN-het)2 (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; SC4H5N2 (3), S2C3H3N2 (4)). Complexes 1–4 are characterized by IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46247742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samarium-benzylidene Schiff base adduct with the formula [Sm(NO3)3(H2O)3].2L (L= (E)-1-phenyl-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) methanimine) (1) has been prepared, with two water molecules bonded to the samarium center form hydrogen bond with three molecules of title Schiff base through nitrogen atoms of the triazole rings. The chemical structure was confirmed by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD), FT-IR, electrical conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The title complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 10.4045(1) Å, b = 12.5403(1) Å, c = 12.5477(2) Å, = 96.668(1)o, = 110.810(1)o, = 111.567(1)o, V = 1.788 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0223, wRref(F2) = 0.0576. The samarium ion is in a distorted capped square antiprism environment, coordinated by three bidentate nitrates and three coordination water molecules. The [Sm(H2O)3(NO3)3] complex and the (E)-1-phenyl-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)methanimine) moiety (L) are held together via hydrogen interactions to form a 2-D supramolecular framework. It is a non-electrolyte as indicated by its molar conductivity (ΛM= 10.1 S cm2 mol-1) in MeOH at 1.0 mM. The mass spectral results confirm the suggested structure of the investigated adduct.
钐-亚苄基席夫碱加合物的化学式为[Sm（NO3）3（H2O）3].2L（L=（E）-1-苯基-N-（4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基）甲亚胺）（1），其中两个水分子通过三唑环的氮原子与钐中心的三个标题席夫碱分子形成氢键。通过单晶X射线衍射（scXRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、电导率、热重分析（TGA）、质谱和元素分析证实了其化学结构。标题配合物1在三斜P-1空间群中结晶。晶胞参数为a=10.4045（1）Å，b=12.5403（1）å，c=12.5477（2）Å， = 96.668（1）o， = 110.810（1）o， = 111.567（1）o，V=1.788Å3，Z=2，Rgt（F）=0.0223，wRref（F2）=0.0576。钐离子处于扭曲的方形反棱镜环境中，由三种双齿硝酸盐和三种配位水分子配位。[Sm（H2O）3（NO3）3]配合物和（E）-1-苯基-N-（4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基）甲亚胺）部分（L）通过氢相互作用结合在一起，形成2-D超分子骨架。它是一种非电解质，如其在1.0 mM MeOH中的摩尔电导率（∧M=10.1 S cm2 mol-1）所示。质谱结果证实了所研究加合物的建议结构。
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Samarium(III)-(E)-1-phenyl-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)methanimine Complex","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Samarium-benzylidene Schiff base adduct with the formula [Sm(NO3)3(H2O)3].2L (L= (E)-1-phenyl-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) methanimine) (1) has been prepared, with two water molecules bonded to the samarium center form hydrogen bond with three molecules of title Schiff base through nitrogen atoms of the triazole rings. The chemical structure was confirmed by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD), FT-IR, electrical conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The title complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 10.4045(1) Å, b = 12.5403(1) Å, c = 12.5477(2) Å, = 96.668(1)o, = 110.810(1)o, = 111.567(1)o, V = 1.788 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0223, wRref(F2) = 0.0576. The samarium ion is in a distorted capped square antiprism environment, coordinated by three bidentate nitrates and three coordination water molecules. The [Sm(H2O)3(NO3)3] complex and the (E)-1-phenyl-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)methanimine) moiety (L) are held together via hydrogen interactions to form a 2-D supramolecular framework. It is a non-electrolyte as indicated by its molar conductivity (ΛM= 10.1 S cm2 mol-1) in MeOH at 1.0 mM. The mass spectral results confirm the suggested structure of the investigated adduct.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49512743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of captopril and hydro-chlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations by the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) is described. Absorbance at 211.5 and 230.3 nm was monitored upon the addition of standard solutions of captopril. The results showed that in prepared mixtures, captopril and hydrochlorothiazide can be determined simultaneously at concentration ratios varying from 1.0:0.8 to 2.5:1.5 μg/mL, respectively. Percentage recovery was found to be 95.33–104.37% for captopril and 96.8–105% for hydrochlorothiazide, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.46%. The method was successfully used to evaluate the antihypertensive captopril drug in a binary combination of hydrochlorothiazide in real samples with high precision and accuracy within the recovery percentage.
{"title":"H-point Standard Addition Method for the Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Formulations","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of captopril and hydro-chlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations by the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) is described. Absorbance at 211.5 and 230.3 nm was monitored upon the addition of standard solutions of captopril. The results showed that in prepared mixtures, captopril and hydrochlorothiazide can be determined simultaneously at concentration ratios varying from 1.0:0.8 to 2.5:1.5 μg/mL, respectively. Percentage recovery was found to be 95.33–104.37% for captopril and 96.8–105% for hydrochlorothiazide, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.46%. The method was successfully used to evaluate the antihypertensive captopril drug in a binary combination of hydrochlorothiazide in real samples with high precision and accuracy within the recovery percentage.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46467737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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