In this work, various concentrations of ZnO nano particles, prepared by the coprecipitation method with a size range of 47-68 nm, have been investigated as antimicrobial agents. Dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on two kinds of microbes (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli) according to the standard method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI-2015-M07-A10. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect is larger, the higher the concentration of ZnO nano particles in solution. It was also found that Gram-positive microbes are more sensitive to ZnO nano particles when compared with the Gram-negative ones. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E. coli was found to be 50 mg/mL while that for S. aureus was 25 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1600 mg/mL for E. coli and 800 mg/mL for S. aureus.
{"title":"Effectiveness of ZnO Nano Particles against the Foodborne Microbial Pathogens E. coli and S. aureus","authors":"Khaled Saif Aldin, S. Al-Hariri, Adnan Ali-Nizam","doi":"10.47014/15.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/15.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, various concentrations of ZnO nano particles, prepared by the coprecipitation method with a size range of 47-68 nm, have been investigated as antimicrobial agents. Dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on two kinds of microbes (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli) according to the standard method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI-2015-M07-A10. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect is larger, the higher the concentration of ZnO nano particles in solution. It was also found that Gram-positive microbes are more sensitive to ZnO nano particles when compared with the Gram-negative ones. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E. coli was found to be 50 mg/mL while that for S. aureus was 25 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1600 mg/mL for E. coli and 800 mg/mL for S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42373724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N-[(5-Azido-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]-N-arylamines (4a-c) and N-[(5-Substituted-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]hydrazides (5a-e) were prepared from 5-azido-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (3) and 5-chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (2), respectively. Thermolysis of (4a-c) and (5d-e) afforded 5-arylamino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonitriles (8a-c) and N-(4-cyano-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)hydrazides (13a,b), respectively. N-[2-(5-Chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]amides (14a,b) and 3-acetyl-2-(5-chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (15a,b) were obtained from N-[(5-chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]hydrazides (5a,b). 5-Azido-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbaldehyde (3) gave unexpectedly 1-(1,3-diphenyl-1,6-dihydropyrrolo-2,3-c]pyrazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (17).
{"title":"Synthesis of Some Pyrazole Derivatives from 5-Chloro- and 5-Azido-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes","authors":"M. Farhat","doi":"10.47014/15.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/15.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"N-[(5-Azido-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]-N-arylamines (4a-c) and N-[(5-Substituted-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]hydrazides (5a-e) were prepared from 5-azido-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (3) and 5-chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (2), respectively. Thermolysis of (4a-c) and (5d-e) afforded 5-arylamino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonitriles (8a-c) and N-(4-cyano-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)hydrazides (13a,b), respectively. N-[2-(5-Chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]amides (14a,b) and 3-acetyl-2-(5-chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (15a,b) were obtained from N-[(5-chloro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]hydrazides (5a,b). 5-Azido-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbaldehyde (3) gave unexpectedly 1-(1,3-diphenyl-1,6-dihydropyrrolo-2,3-c]pyrazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (17).","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poly(4,4′-biphenol oxalate) oligomer was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis XRD and thermal analysis. The capability of the oligomer to take away Pb(II), Zn(II), Sn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from aqueous solutions was considered by the known batch and column techniques in terms of concentration, pH value, contact time and temperature. The results indicated that a high initial rate of metal-ion uptake by the oligomer was observed throughout the first 30 minutes, which enlarged slightly amid rising the pH value and then reached its greatest value at pH=5.00 for Pb(II) and Zn(II), pH=4.00 for Cu(II) and pH=6.00 for Sn(II). The oligomer exhibited a high metal-ion uptake capacity to Pb(II) and Zn(II), but a little metal-ion uptake capacity to Cu(II) and Sn(II). Linearized forms of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherms were used to investigate the experimental equilibrium concentration data of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Sn(II). ΔG values demonstrated that the adsorption process of these metal ions on the oligomer is favored while the ΔH values indicated that this process is endothermic. On the other hand, the entropy of the process is positive. In addition to batch experiments, column experiments were performed, where the metal ions were efficiently recovered by treatment of the metal-loaded oligomer with 1.0 M HNO3, 1.0 M HCl and 0.5 M EDTA. The best results were obtained with 1.0 M HNO3 solution.
合成了聚(4,4′-双酚草酸酯)低聚物，并用FT-IR、元素分析、XRD和热分析对其进行了表征。该低聚物从水溶液中带走Pb(II)、Zn(II)、Sn(II)和Cu(II)金属离子的能力通过已知的批处理和柱处理技术在浓度、pH值、接触时间和温度方面进行了考察。结果表明:低聚物对金属离子的初始吸收速率在前30分钟内都很高，随着pH值的升高，低聚物对金属离子的吸收速率略有增大，在Pb(II)和Zn(II)的pH=5.00、Cu(II)的pH=4.00和Sn(II)的pH=6.00时达到最大。该低聚物对Pb(II)和Zn(II)具有较高的金属离子吸收能力，对Cu(II)和Sn(II)的金属离子吸收能力较弱。采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich吸附等温线的线性化形式研究了Pb(II)、Zn(II)、Cu(II)和Sn(II)的实验平衡浓度数据。ΔG值表明这些金属离子在低聚物上的吸附过程是有利的，而ΔH值表明这一过程是吸热的。另一方面，这个过程的熵是正的。除批量实验外，还进行了柱状实验，用1.0 M HNO3、1.0 M HCl和0.5 M EDTA处理负载金属的低聚物，有效地回收了金属离子。以1.0 M的HNO3溶液效果最好。
{"title":"Removal of Pb(II), Zn(II), Sn(II) and Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Linear Alternating Poly(4,4'-biphenol oxalate) Oligomer","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/15.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/15.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(4,4′-biphenol oxalate) oligomer was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis XRD and thermal analysis. The capability of the oligomer to take away Pb(II), Zn(II), Sn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from aqueous solutions was considered by the known batch and column techniques in terms of concentration, pH value, contact time and temperature. The results indicated that a high initial rate of metal-ion uptake by the oligomer was observed throughout the first 30 minutes, which enlarged slightly amid rising the pH value and then reached its greatest value at pH=5.00 for Pb(II) and Zn(II), pH=4.00 for Cu(II) and pH=6.00 for Sn(II). The oligomer exhibited a high metal-ion uptake capacity to Pb(II) and Zn(II), but a little metal-ion uptake capacity to Cu(II) and Sn(II). Linearized forms of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherms were used to investigate the experimental equilibrium concentration data of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Sn(II). ΔG values demonstrated that the adsorption process of these metal ions on the oligomer is favored while the ΔH values indicated that this process is endothermic. On the other hand, the entropy of the process is positive. In addition to batch experiments, column experiments were performed, where the metal ions were efficiently recovered by treatment of the metal-loaded oligomer with 1.0 M HNO3, 1.0 M HCl and 0.5 M EDTA. The best results were obtained with 1.0 M HNO3 solution.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43359943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narinder Kumar, Bhavna Pal, Pawan Singh, K. Thapa, Devendra Singh
In this work, different parameters of E7 liquid crystal (LC) have been calculated under the influence of an electric field in THz frequency. The E7 LC parameters have positive as well as negative values of order parameter and birefringence under the influence for an electric field. The director angle of E7 LC shows fast fluctuations above the angle θ=45° and due to rapid change in the orientation of molecules, fast electro-optical switching devices based on E7 LC can be designed. The refractive index of the E7 LC maintains stability in THz frequency.
{"title":"Electrical Characterization of E7 Liquid Crystal Molecules under the Impact of an External Electric Field (THz): A Theoretical approach","authors":"Narinder Kumar, Bhavna Pal, Pawan Singh, K. Thapa, Devendra Singh","doi":"10.47014/15.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/15.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, different parameters of E7 liquid crystal (LC) have been calculated under the influence of an electric field in THz frequency. The E7 LC parameters have positive as well as negative values of order parameter and birefringence under the influence for an electric field. The director angle of E7 LC shows fast fluctuations above the angle θ=45° and due to rapid change in the orientation of molecules, fast electro-optical switching devices based on E7 LC can be designed. The refractive index of the E7 LC maintains stability in THz frequency.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46077814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has the characteristic of forming anionic species, which are very toxic, very soluble in water and difficult to be removed. In this study, dichromate removal from aqueous solutions by chitosan and chitosan modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was addressed. The effect of various experimental parameters, such as pH (1-9), initial concentration (10-100 mg L-1), adsorbent dose (0.005-0.350 g) and contact time (5-60 min) was investigated. All experiments were conducted in batch mode at room temperature (~21 oC). The obtained equilibrium adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Furthermore, the kinetics of dichromate removal was analyzed by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and the Elovich models. Optimum conditions for obtaining high removal (~97%) within a relatively short time (60 min) are: 5.0 pH, 0.100 g SDS-chitosan dosage and an initial Cr2O72- concentration of 10 mg L-1. The dichromate adsorption capacity of chitosan is 8.3 mg L-1, while that of SDS-chitosan is 9.7 mg L-1. In addition, the adsorption of dichromate by chitosan and SDS-chitosan is well-fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models while the adsorption kinetics is best fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
六价铬（Cr（VI））具有形成阴离子物种的特性，这些阴离子物种毒性很大，极易溶于水，难以去除。研究了壳聚糖和十二烷基硫酸钠改性壳聚糖对水溶液中重铬酸盐的去除。研究了各种实验参数，如pH（1-9）、初始浓度（10-100mg L-1）、吸附剂剂量（0.005-0.350g）和接触时间（5-60min）的影响。所有实验均在室温（~21℃）下分批进行。利用Langmuir和Freundlich模型分析了所获得的平衡吸附等温线。此外，采用拟一阶、拟二阶和Elovich模型对重铬酸盐的去除动力学进行了分析。在相对较短的时间（60分钟）内获得高去除率（~97%）的最佳条件是：5.0 pH，0.100 g SDS壳聚糖剂量和10 mg L-1的初始Cr2O72浓度。壳聚糖对重铬酸盐的吸附量为8.3mg L-1，而SDS壳聚糖对重铬酸钾的吸附量则为9.7mg L-1。此外，壳聚糖和SDS壳聚糖对重铬酸盐的吸附用Langmuir和Freundlich模型拟合良好，而吸附动力学用拟二阶动力学模型拟合最好。
{"title":"Evaluation of Chitosan Modified by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for Removing Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Ahmad Al Shra’ah","doi":"10.47014/15.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/15.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has the characteristic of forming anionic species, which are very toxic, very soluble in water and difficult to be removed. In this study, dichromate removal from aqueous solutions by chitosan and chitosan modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was addressed. The effect of various experimental parameters, such as pH (1-9), initial concentration (10-100 mg L-1), adsorbent dose (0.005-0.350 g) and contact time (5-60 min) was investigated. All experiments were conducted in batch mode at room temperature (~21 oC). The obtained equilibrium adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Furthermore, the kinetics of dichromate removal was analyzed by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and the Elovich models. Optimum conditions for obtaining high removal (~97%) within a relatively short time (60 min) are: 5.0 pH, 0.100 g SDS-chitosan dosage and an initial Cr2O72- concentration of 10 mg L-1. The dichromate adsorption capacity of chitosan is 8.3 mg L-1, while that of SDS-chitosan is 9.7 mg L-1. In addition, the adsorption of dichromate by chitosan and SDS-chitosan is well-fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models while the adsorption kinetics is best fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45783905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Co, Fe, Ni, V and Zn) in roadside soil samples were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion. A total of sixty roadside soil samples were collected during July 2018 from seventeen sampling sites (5 km apart) from both sides along Irbid-Amman highway, Jordan. The average concentrations (±SD) of the investigated metals in the analyzed soil samples were found to be 18400 (± 11200), 6.0 (± 4.7), 132 (± 47), 49 (± 26), 695 (± 310), 96 (± 53), 78 (± 32), 31800 (± 12600), 116 (± 67), 141 (± 74) and 129 (± 112) µg/g for Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Co, Fe, Ni, V and Zn, respectively. With exception of Mn, the enrichment factors for the investigated metals in roadside soils were found to be more than 10, indicating anthropogenic sources such as automobile traffic. In the absence of any industrial activities in the sampling sites, the high concentrations of the investigated metals suggest that automobile emissions are the major source of roadside soil pollution. The results obtained in this study showed that metal concentrations in the analyzed soil samples are strongly influenced by the wind direction and traffic density in the investigated area. The higher metal concentrations on the west side of the road were due to the easterly prevailing wind in the studied area. As expected, the concentrations of heavy metals decreased with increasing distance from the edge of the road. The results obtained in this work were compared with the literature values.
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Roadside Soils along Irbid-Amman Highway, Jordan by ICP-OES","authors":"“Ayat Allah” T. Al-Massaedh","doi":"10.47014/15.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/15.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Co, Fe, Ni, V and Zn) in roadside soil samples were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion. A total of sixty roadside soil samples were collected during July 2018 from seventeen sampling sites (5 km apart) from both sides along Irbid-Amman highway, Jordan. The average concentrations (±SD) of the investigated metals in the analyzed soil samples were found to be 18400 (± 11200), 6.0 (± 4.7), 132 (± 47), 49 (± 26), 695 (± 310), 96 (± 53), 78 (± 32), 31800 (± 12600), 116 (± 67), 141 (± 74) and 129 (± 112) µg/g for Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Co, Fe, Ni, V and Zn, respectively. With exception of Mn, the enrichment factors for the investigated metals in roadside soils were found to be more than 10, indicating anthropogenic sources such as automobile traffic. In the absence of any industrial activities in the sampling sites, the high concentrations of the investigated metals suggest that automobile emissions are the major source of roadside soil pollution. The results obtained in this study showed that metal concentrations in the analyzed soil samples are strongly influenced by the wind direction and traffic density in the investigated area. The higher metal concentrations on the west side of the road were due to the easterly prevailing wind in the studied area. As expected, the concentrations of heavy metals decreased with increasing distance from the edge of the road. The results obtained in this work were compared with the literature values.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44329973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Al-Rawajfeh, Mohammad Alrbaihat, E. AlShamaileh
Mechanochemical processing was applied to produce slow-release fertilizers consisting of kaolinite as clay material and (KDP) KH2PO4 in 3:1 weight ratio by grinding the contents in a planetary ball mill at milling rotational speeds ranging from 200 to 700 rpm for 2 h and at different milling times ranging between 1-3 h at 600 rpm milling speed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and coupled ion chromatography (IC) were used to characterize the prepared samples. It was shown that the mechanochemical process succeeded to incorporate KDP into the kaolinite structure. The K+ and PO43- ions released from the kaolinite–KH2PO4 system when dispersed in distilled water for 24 h were measured. The results indicate that the prepared kaolinite–KH2PO4 system acts as a carrier of K+ and PO43- nutrients to be used as slow-released fertilizers
{"title":"Effects of Milling Time and Speed on Nutrient Availability of KH2PO4 with Kaolinite as Physical Type Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers","authors":"A. Al-Rawajfeh, Mohammad Alrbaihat, E. AlShamaileh","doi":"10.47014/15.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/15.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanochemical processing was applied to produce slow-release fertilizers consisting of kaolinite as clay material and (KDP) KH2PO4 in 3:1 weight ratio by grinding the contents in a planetary ball mill at milling rotational speeds ranging from 200 to 700 rpm for 2 h and at different milling times ranging between 1-3 h at 600 rpm milling speed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and coupled ion chromatography (IC) were used to characterize the prepared samples. It was shown that the mechanochemical process succeeded to incorporate KDP into the kaolinite structure. The K+ and PO43- ions released from the kaolinite–KH2PO4 system when dispersed in distilled water for 24 h were measured. The results indicate that the prepared kaolinite–KH2PO4 system acts as a carrier of K+ and PO43- nutrients to be used as slow-released fertilizers","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New hetaryl fragment tagged 1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 7a-l were designed and synthesized via Suzuki coupling between the bromo derivatives 4-6, which were used as key intermediates for the synthesis of our targets and the appropriate boronic acid. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were unambiguously confirmed through physico-chemical analysis (1H, 13C NMR and mass spectra). Six synthesized 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were selected to evaluate the potential nematocidal effect and to analyze their structure-activity relationships. Nematocidal activity of the compounds at (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 µM) was tested against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus nematode wherein the best activity was recorded for compound 7e (52.1% ± 1.8 mortality at 100 µM). The highest mortality rates of 88% and 55% were observed for 7e and 7h, respectively at 500 μM after exposure for 6 h. The molecular docking of compounds 7e, 7h and 7g has been studied and its results revealed that the newly designed hetaryl fragment tagged 1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives bind to the hydrophobic pocket and polar contact with high affinity.
{"title":"Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Evaluation of Hetaryl Fragment Tagged 1H-1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives As Nematicidal Agents","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"New hetaryl fragment tagged 1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 7a-l were designed and synthesized via Suzuki coupling between the bromo derivatives 4-6, which were used as key intermediates for the synthesis of our targets and the appropriate boronic acid. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were unambiguously confirmed through physico-chemical analysis (1H, 13C NMR and mass spectra). Six synthesized 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were selected to evaluate the potential nematocidal effect and to analyze their structure-activity relationships. Nematocidal activity of the compounds at (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 µM) was tested against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus nematode wherein the best activity was recorded for compound 7e (52.1% ± 1.8 mortality at 100 µM). The highest mortality rates of 88% and 55% were observed for 7e and 7h, respectively at 500 μM after exposure for 6 h. The molecular docking of compounds 7e, 7h and 7g has been studied and its results revealed that the newly designed hetaryl fragment tagged 1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives bind to the hydrophobic pocket and polar contact with high affinity.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new ether-linked polymer (PE-A) was synthesized via the polycondensation of 1,4-dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene with biphenol (A). The new polymer has shown a good solubility in non-polar solvents, as well as moderate thermal stability (up to 300 °C). The parent PE-A was subjected to post-functionalization modification applying the Ullmann-coupling reaction on the C-Br bonds of PE-A, where the bromo-sites have been replaced by aniline-linked moieties. The resulting polymer (PE-Ani-A) shows slight solubility in several solvents. Its thermal stability was enhanced by 36% when compared with PE-A. To ensure the significant impact of the inclusion of the aniline group on thermal stability, a thermal degradation kinetics study was performed and the Coats-Redfren and Broido theoretical models were applied to explore the degradation process. The calculated activation energy for PE-Ani-A degradation was thereby found to be higher than that of PE-A, which indicates the higher thermal stability of PE-Ani-A. For further insights into the thermal stability of the polymers, the limited oxygen index (LOI), which represents the flame-retardant property of the polymers, was calculated. The results indicate that PE-A is a promising candidate as a flame-retardant polymer (LOI = 46.7), since it has a high bromo-content. On the other hand, PE-Ani-A has a lower LOI although it has a higher thermal stability.
{"title":"Post-functionalization of Ether-linked Polymer via the Application of Ullmann-coupling Reaction: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Degradation Kinetics","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"A new ether-linked polymer (PE-A) was synthesized via the polycondensation of 1,4-dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene with biphenol (A). The new polymer has shown a good solubility in non-polar solvents, as well as moderate thermal stability (up to 300 °C). The parent PE-A was subjected to post-functionalization modification applying the Ullmann-coupling reaction on the C-Br bonds of PE-A, where the bromo-sites have been replaced by aniline-linked moieties. The resulting polymer (PE-Ani-A) shows slight solubility in several solvents. Its thermal stability was enhanced by 36% when compared with PE-A. To ensure the significant impact of the inclusion of the aniline group on thermal stability, a thermal degradation kinetics study was performed and the Coats-Redfren and Broido theoretical models were applied to explore the degradation process. The calculated activation energy for PE-Ani-A degradation was thereby found to be higher than that of PE-A, which indicates the higher thermal stability of PE-Ani-A. For further insights into the thermal stability of the polymers, the limited oxygen index (LOI), which represents the flame-retardant property of the polymers, was calculated. The results indicate that PE-A is a promising candidate as a flame-retardant polymer (LOI = 46.7), since it has a high bromo-content. On the other hand, PE-Ani-A has a lower LOI although it has a higher thermal stability.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple manual micro-titration method is proposed for the potentiometric and conductometric titration of 200 to 800 µL of liquid samples. The sample to be titrated is dispensed into the titration chamber; the bottom section of a plastic test tube that is glued to the center of a small stirring magnet. After inserting the sensing probe and the tip of the titrant delivery tip into the titration chamber, the chamber-stirring magnet assembly is spun at low speed using a conventional magnetic stirrer. Titrant is delivered (with 0.2 µL resolution) from the submerged tip of a 100-µL capacity micro-pipette by rotating the plunger with the locking ring unlocked. The apparatus has been used for potentiometric titration and conductometric titration of acids and bases usually encountered in educational laboratories. Compared with macro-scale titrations, the obtained accuracy was between +2.2% and -3.9% relative error and the precision ranged between 1.6% and 2.9% relative standard deviation. The proposed procedure cuts the reagent consumption to 1% or less compared with conventional macro-scale titrations.
{"title":"Green Chemistry: A Simple Manual Apparatus for Potentiometric and Conductometric Micro-Titration of Small Samples for the Educational Laboratory","authors":"","doi":"10.47014/16.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47014/16.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"A simple manual micro-titration method is proposed for the potentiometric and conductometric titration of 200 to 800 µL of liquid samples. The sample to be titrated is dispensed into the titration chamber; the bottom section of a plastic test tube that is glued to the center of a small stirring magnet. After inserting the sensing probe and the tip of the titrant delivery tip into the titration chamber, the chamber-stirring magnet assembly is spun at low speed using a conventional magnetic stirrer. Titrant is delivered (with 0.2 µL resolution) from the submerged tip of a 100-µL capacity micro-pipette by rotating the plunger with the locking ring unlocked. The apparatus has been used for potentiometric titration and conductometric titration of acids and bases usually encountered in educational laboratories. Compared with macro-scale titrations, the obtained accuracy was between +2.2% and -3.9% relative error and the precision ranged between 1.6% and 2.9% relative standard deviation. The proposed procedure cuts the reagent consumption to 1% or less compared with conventional macro-scale titrations.","PeriodicalId":14654,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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