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Chromatographic and Automated Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Antipsychotic Drugs in Pharmaceutical Products 药物中某些抗精神病药物的色谱及自动分光光度法测定
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.3.5
I. Al-Momani, Lubna M. Ababneh
Chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of three antipsychotic drugs in pharmaceutical products were developed. The investigated drugs are quetiapine fumarate, olanzapine and risperidone. The flow injection analysis (FIA) method is based on the oxidation of these drugs by potassium permanganate in a basic medium. The resulting green color was monitored at 433 nm. Optimization of chemical and FI variables has been made. Under the optimized conditions, the sampling rate was about 80 injections/hour. The method is fast, simple and sensitive. For the chromatographic method, a reversed-phase Varian C8 column was used at ambient temperature. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN), acetate buffer and triethylamine (TEA), (60% ACN, 39.8% acetate buffer and 0.2% TEA, v/v/v), adjusted to pH = 4.7 with acetic acid. Tetrazolium salt was used as an internal standard. The absorption of the eluted compounds was measured using a variable-wavelength UV detector at 278 nm. The methods were applied successfully for the assay of three antipsychotic drugs in pharmaceutical products and no interferences were observed from the common excipients usually used. The proposed methods were validated for their accuracy and precision.
建立了用色谱法和分光光度法定量测定药品中三种抗精神病药物的方法。研究药物为富马酸喹硫平、奥氮平和利培酮。流动注射分析法是基于高锰酸钾在碱性介质中氧化这些药物。在433nm处监测得到的绿色。已经对化学和FI变量进行了优化。在优化的条件下,采样率约为80次注射/小时。该方法快速、简便、灵敏。对于色谱法,在环境温度下使用反相Varian C8柱。流动相为乙腈(ACN)、乙酸盐缓冲液和三乙胺(TEA)的混合物(60%ACN、39.8%乙酸盐缓冲溶液和0.2%TEA,v/v/v),用乙酸将pH调节至4.7。使用四氮唑盐作为内标。使用波长可变的UV检测器在278nm处测量洗脱的化合物的吸收。该方法成功地应用于药品中三种抗精神病药物的测定,并且没有观察到常用辅料的干扰。对所提出的方法的准确性和精密度进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Pd(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of Benzimidazoles and Schiff Bases Including Ferrocene Group 含二茂铁基团的苯并咪唑、锌、铜配合物的制备、表征及抗菌活性研究
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.3.3
PdCl2, ZnCl2 and CuCl2 complexes of three benzimidazole derivatives and two Schiff bases having the ferrocene group were synthesized and characterized. It was unexpectedly noticed that the Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes exhibit paramagnetic characters corresponding to about one electron caused by the ferrocene moiety. For the same reason, the magnetic moment value of the Cu(II) complexes was also higher than the anticipated values. Besides, the antimicrobial activity of the complexes was investigated against six bacteria and three fungi. Comparing the ligands, the Schiff bases exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the benzimidazole derivatives, especially on Gram+ bacteria. Among all compounds investigated in this work, [Zn(SB1)2]·2H2O showed the highest activity against S. epidermidis and S. aureus which are Gram+ bacteria.
合成并表征了三种苯并咪唑衍生物和两种具有二茂铁基团的席夫碱的PdCl2、ZnCl2和CuCl2配合物。出乎意料地注意到,Pd(II)和Zn(II)配合物表现出对应于由二茂铁部分引起的大约一个电子的顺磁性特征。出于同样的原因,Cu(II)配合物的磁矩值也高于预期值。此外,研究了复合物对6种细菌和3种真菌的抗菌活性。与配体相比,Schiff碱比苯并咪唑衍生物表现出更高的抗菌活性,尤其是对革兰氏+菌。在本研究的所有化合物中,[Zn(SB1)2]·2H2O对革兰氏+菌表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出最高的活性。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnomedicinal Uses, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Its Bioactive Compounds: A Review 木犀的民族医药、抗糖尿病、抗氧化和抗炎活性。及其生物活性化合物:综述
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.3.1
A. Attanayake, Ransika R Wadasinghe, P. Kalansuriya, B. M. R. Bandara
Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Family: Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) since ancient times. Decoctions prepared from various parts of G. arborea are used in traditional systems of medicine as a remedy against DM and various other diseases. The present review describes the antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of G. arborea extracts and their bioactive phytoconstituents that are likely to contribute to antidiabetic properties and their therapeutic importance in the management of diabetes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar databases. Studies published from 1970 to 2021 were considered in this review. Out of the 157 results, 34 articles were excluded being duplications and 58 articles were excluded being outside the scope of this review. The remaining 65 articles were considered in this review. The in vitro and in vivo assays reveal the therapeutic potential of G. arborea in terms of antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating that the plant is a valuable source for developing non-toxic herbal formulations to manage DM.
Gmelina arborea Roxb。马鞭草(马鞭草科)是一种药用植物,自古以来就被用于治疗糖尿病。在传统的医学体系中,从木参的不同部位制备的煎剂被用作治疗糖尿病和其他各种疾病的药物。本文综述了木参提取物的抗糖尿病、抗氧化和抗炎特性及其可能参与抗糖尿病特性的生物活性植物成分及其在糖尿病治疗中的重要作用。使用PubMed、ScienceDirect、Semantic Scholar和谷歌Scholar数据库进行全面的文献检索。本综述纳入了1970年至2021年发表的研究。在157个结果中,34篇文章被排除为重复,58篇文章被排除在本综述的范围之外。其余65篇文章纳入本综述。体外和体内实验结果显示,木参在抗糖尿病、抗氧化和抗炎方面具有治疗潜力,表明该植物是开发治疗糖尿病的无毒草药配方的宝贵来源。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Piperid-4-one Derivatives against Bacterial Strains 一些胡椒-4- 1衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性研究
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.3.2
A novel compound 2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl piperidin-4-one (II) has been synthesized by a previously well-known reaction between (E)-3-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (I) and ethanol amine. The compound was used to synthesize (Z)-2-((2S,5S)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (III) through con-den¬sation with thiosemicarbazide in acidic medium. Structures were confirmed by spectral data (IR,1H-NMR and LC-MS). Potential antimicrobial efficiency of the newly synthesized piperidin-4-one derivatives was studied against a Gram-positive bacterial strain (Staphylococcus aureus) and a Gram-negative bacterial strain (Enterobacter sp.) applying the agar dilution method. The results showed that compound (III) has a higher antimicrobial activity than compound (II).
通过(E)-3-(2-乙氧基苯基)-1-(2-甲氧基-2-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(I)与乙醇胺的反应,合成了新的化合物2-(2-乙基苯基)-5-羟基-1-(2-羟乙基)-5-甲基哌啶-4-酮(II)。该化合物用于在酸性介质中与氨基硫脲反应合成(Z)-2-((2S,5S)-2-(2-乙氧基苯基)-5-羟基-1-(2-羟乙基)-5-甲基哌啶-4-亚基)肼-1-甲硫酰胺(III)。通过光谱数据(IR、1H-NMR和LC-MS)证实了结构。采用琼脂稀释法研究了新合成的哌啶-4-酮衍生物对革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(肠杆菌属)的潜在抗菌效果。结果表明,化合物(III)比化合物(II)具有更高的抗菌活性。
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引用次数: 0
Determination and Classification of Jordanian Propolis Samples According to Their Elemental Profile 约旦蜂胶样品的元素图谱测定和分类
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.3.4
Basel Al-Saida, E. S. Abu-Nameh, Amal A. Al-Abbadi
It is possible to classify various propolis samples based on their botanical or geographic origins, since environmental conditions and the harvest season have an impact on the chemical ingredients that make up propolis. In the current research, the determination and geographical classification of propolis samples according to their mineral/metal content are addressed. Acid digestion was employed for mineral/metal recovery and inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used for accurate quantification. Multivariate techniques, PCA and PLS-DA, were applied for unsupervised and supervised classification for different propolis samples. The measured analytical data can be simply manipulated using chemometric tools, like PCA and PLS-DA. Adequate results were reported by PLS-DA to separate propolis samples that were obtained from industrial and agricultural, but not desert regions. The variations in mineral/metal contents present in propolis were helpful for discrimination purposes. Minerals, like Ca, Na, and K, were the most significant variables for propolis discrimination according to their geographical origins. Based on mineral and metal content, PLS-DA model was effective to classify propolis samples with 92% accuracy as estimated from the confusion matrix.
由于环境条件和收获季节对蜂胶的化学成分有影响,因此可以根据其植物或地理来源对各种蜂胶样品进行分类。在目前的研究中,根据蜂胶样品的矿物/金属含量对其进行了测定和地理分类。酸消化用于矿物/金属回收,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱用于精确定量。应用主成分分析和PLS-DA多元技术对不同蜂胶样品进行无监督和监督分类。测量的分析数据可以使用化学计量工具(如PCA和PLS-DA)进行简单操作。PLS-DA报告了分离来自工业和农业但不是沙漠地区的蜂胶样品的充分结果。蜂胶中矿物/金属含量的变化有助于鉴别。矿物质,如Ca、Na和K,是根据地理来源区分蜂胶的最重要变量。基于矿物和金属含量,PLS-DA模型对蜂胶样品进行了有效分类,根据混淆矩阵估计,准确率为92%。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Cladophora crispata 金针桃硫酸酸化多糖的特性及抗氧化潜力
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.2.4
Cladophora crispata, a diffusive green freshwater algum in Syria, forms a rich source of nutrients, especially sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). The SPs were extracted from Cladophora crispata by ultrasonic-assisted extraction using different types of solvents (methanol-70%, ethanol-70% and acetone-70%) at various temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) and for different extraction times (30, 75 and 120 min). Maximum yield of SPs (13%) and highest total soluble carbohydrate (74.36%) were achieved using acetone-70% as a solvent at 40 °C for 120 min. Purification of crude SPs was performed using Sephadex gel G-100. The purification process afforded two fractions (F1 and F2) for all treatments. The monosaccharides for the crude and for the F1 and F2 fractions were identified by thin-layer chromatography to consist of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and ribose. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ATBS assays) of the crude and fractions were determined. FT-IR analysis revealed that the fractions consist of sugar units, protein units, sulfate groups and uronic acids, the content of which was determined following standard methods. Highest sulfate content was obtained upon extraction at low temperature (40 oC). The sulfate content had a significant strong positive correlation with the DPPH scavenging activity, but a weak negative one with the ABTS values. On the other hand, the uronic-acid content had a significant negative correlation with the DPPH values and a positive one with the ATBS values. Highest scavenging activity on DPPH radical (35.82%) was observed for the F2 fraction from the acetone-70% extract which had the highest sulfate content, while the highest scavenging effect on ABTS (39.71%) was found for the F1 fraction from the ethanol-70% extract which had the highest uronic-acid content.
Cladophora crispata是叙利亚的一种扩散的绿色淡水藻类,形成了丰富的营养来源,特别是硫酸盐多糖(SPs)。采用不同溶剂(甲醇-70%、乙醇-70%、丙酮-70%),在不同温度(40、60、80℃)和不同提取时间(30、75、120 min)下,超声辅助提取青花中SPs。以丙酮-70%为溶剂,在40°C下反应120 min, SPs收率最高(13%),总可溶性碳水化合物最高(74.36%)。使用Sephadex G-100凝胶纯化粗SPs。纯化过程为所有处理提供两个馏分(F1和F2)。薄层色谱法鉴定了粗馏分、F1馏分和F2馏分的单糖成分为鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖和核糖。用DPPH和ATBS法测定了其化学成分和抗氧化活性。傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,该馏分由糖、蛋白质、硫酸盐基团和醛酸组成,其含量按标准方法测定。在低温(40℃)下提取得到的硫酸盐含量最高。硫酸盐含量与DPPH清除活性呈显著强正相关,与ABTS值呈弱负相关。另一方面,脲酸含量与DPPH值呈显著负相关,与ATBS值呈显著正相关。丙酮-70%提取物的F2部位对DPPH自由基的清除率最高(35.82%),而乙醇-70%提取物的F1部位对ABTS的清除率最高(39.71%),其中硫酸根含量最高。
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引用次数: 0
Health-risk Assessment and Evaluation of Different Metals in Different Tea Products Consumed in Jordan Using ICP-MS and ICP-OES 用ICP-MS和ICP-OES评价约旦不同茶叶产品中不同金属的健康风险
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.2.2
This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements in black, green, white and oolong tea samples in different brands that are widely consumed in Jordan to assess the health risk associated with their consumption. Inductively Coupled Plasma equipped with Mass Spectrometry and Optical Emission Spectrophoto¬metry (ICP-MS/OES) were used for analysis after sample preparation. The mean concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Pb, Sn, Cd, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na were found to be in the range of not detected to 135.4 mg/kg and 0.10–389.93 mg/kg for both infused and digested samples, respectively. The daily intake of Ca, K, Na and Mg was found in the range of 0.31–9.03% of their Recommended Dietary Intake (RDA). The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Target Cancer Risk (TR) were used for the assessment of health risks associated with the metals’ intake. THQ, HI and TR values of all elements were found to be below the allowable limits determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agent (US-EPA), suggesting that the consumption of different tea products from the Jordanian market does not pose a significant risk to human health.
本研究旨在分析约旦广泛消费的不同品牌红茶、绿茶、白茶和乌龙茶样品中的重金属和微量元素浓度,以评估其消费带来的健康风险。样品制备后,使用配备质谱法和光学发射光谱光度法(ICP-MS/OES)的电感耦合等离子体进行分析。输注和消化样品的Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Pb、Sn、Cd、Ca、Fe、K、Mg和Na的平均浓度分别在未检测到的135.4 Mg/kg和0.10–389.93 Mg/kg范围内。Ca、K、Na和Mg的日摄入量在其推荐膳食摄入量(RDA)的0.31–9.03%之间。估计每日摄入量(EDI)、目标危险系数(THQ)、危险指数(HI)和目标癌症风险(TR)用于评估与金属摄入量相关的健康风险。所有元素的THQ、HI和TR值均低于世界卫生组织(世界卫生组织)和美国环境保护署(US-EPA)确定的允许限值,这表明约旦市场不同茶产品的消费不会对人类健康造成重大风险。
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引用次数: 2
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties and Single Crystal X-ray Structure of Dithiocyanato-N-bis[8-(diphenylphosphino)-quinoline]ruthenium(II) 二硫代氰基-N-双[8-(二苯基膦)-喹啉]钌的合成、光谱性质和单晶X射线结构(Ⅱ)
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.2.3
The new ruthenium complex, [Ru(N-P)2(SCN)2], where N-P = 8-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline, was prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallized in the monoclinic system with the space group P1211. The cell parameters are a = 9.9635(7) Å, b = 18.8967(9) Å, c = 11.2651(6) Å, α = γ = 90, β = 110.474(7) . The complex has a distorted octahedral structure with cis configuration for the thiocyanate groups. The bond-length analysis indicates the following order of trans-influence: P > N(SCN-) > N(quinolone).
制备了新的钌配合物[Ru(N-P)2(SCN)2],其中N-P=8-(二苯基膦基)喹啉,并用FT-IR、UV-Vis光谱和X射线晶体学对其进行了表征。该配合物在单斜晶系中结晶,空间群为P1211。细胞参数分别为a=9.9635(7)Å,b=18.8967(9)Å、c=11.2651(6)Å和α=γ=90, β=110.474(7). 该配合物具有扭曲的八面体结构,硫氰酸酯基团为顺式构型。键长分析表明,反式影响的顺序为:P>N(SCN-)>N(喹诺酮)。
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引用次数: 2
Theoretical Simulation of the Corrosion-inhibition Potentials of Triterpenoids on Aluminium Metal Surface 三萜在铝表面缓蚀电位的理论模拟
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.2.1
The mechanism of the corrosion-inhibition action of three selected triterpenoid compounds including α-amyrin, β-amyrin and Lupeol on Al(110) surface was studied using computational methods including molecular dynamic simulations and quantum chemical calculations. The relative corrosion-inhibition performance of the studied compounds was investigated. Quantum chemical parameters including fraction of electron transfer (ΔN) from the inhibitor molecule to the Al(110) surface, energy gap (ΔE), energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), global electrophilicity index (ω), global softness (σ), electronegativity (χ) and global hardness (η) were all computed. The local reactivity-indicating sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack were analyzed using Fukui indices, while molecular dynamic simulation was used to study their adsorption behavior on the surface of Al(110). Based on the interactions, the adsorption energy (Eads) values obtained, –49.533 kcal/mol for α-amyrin, –48.284 kcal/mol for β-amyrin and –37.654 kcal/mol for lupeol, are all negative with correspondingly low magnitudes (less than –100 kcal/mol). This shows weak and unstable adsorption structures and relatively low corrosion inhibition, suggesting a physical adsorption mechanism with the trend: α-amyrin > β-amyrin > lupeol.
采用分子动力学模拟和量子化学计算等计算方法,研究了三种三萜类化合物α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和木犀草素对Al(110)表面的缓蚀作用机理。研究了所研究化合物的相对缓蚀性能。计算了从抑制剂分子到Al(110)表面的电子转移分数(ΔN)、能隙(ΔE)、最低未占据分子轨道能量(ELUMO)、最高占据分子轨道的能量(EHOMO)、全局亲电指数(ω)、全局柔软度(σ)、电负性(χ)和全局硬度(η)等量子化学参数。用Fukui指数分析了亲电和亲核攻击的局部反应性指示位点,并用分子动力学模拟研究了它们在Al(110)表面的吸附行为。根据相互作用,获得的吸附能(Eads)值,α-淀粉样蛋白为-49.533 kcal/mol,β-淀粉样肽为-48.284 kcal/mol和羽扇豆醇为-37.654 kcal/mol均为负值,相应的值较低(小于-100 kcal/mol)。这显示出弱而不稳定的吸附结构和相对较低的缓蚀性,表明其物理吸附机制具有以下趋势:α-淀粉>β-淀粉>羽扇豆醇。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of the Total Inorganic Phosphate-Phosphorus in Sediments of the Old Phosphate Port at Jordan’s Gulf of Aqaba 约旦亚喀巴湾老磷酸盐港沉积物中总无机磷酸盐-磷的估算
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.47014/17.2.5
Between 1970–2013, huge amounts of phosphate particles were lost to the sea floor during the transport of phosphate to the port and loading it on ships sailing from the Gulf of Aqaba around the world. The dissolution of the lost phosphate was a major concern. Due to the importance of this issue, the amount of the total inorganic phosphate-phosphorus (TIP) was estimated in the sediment cores from different transects around the Old Phosphate Port (OPP). Additionally, some physical and chemical properties of seawater at OPP were measured. Samples for TIP were collected by SCUBA from 27 sites using metal pipes inserted into a certain depth (est.1.5–2 m) of the bottom. In the lab, sediments of the cores were cut into layers as thin as 25 cm to measure TIP in each layer. The phosphate concentration in each layer revealed the highest amount in layers at 75–100 cm, with an obvious gradual increase from layers at 0–25cm and from layers at 75–100 cm (91.4 and 3.0 million kg, respectively). In contrary, TIP tends to decrease from layers at 75–100 cm until layers at 150–175 cm. Obviously, phosphate concentrations decreased significantly in the layers at 150–175 cm. Based on the above estimations and taking into account the various calculations, the total mass of phosphate was around 11.5 × 106 kg. The final recommendation to the decision maker in Aqaba is / that there is no need to remove the existing phosphate.
在1970年至2013年期间,在将磷酸盐运往港口并装载到从亚喀巴湾驶往世界各地的船只上的过程中,大量的磷酸盐颗粒流失到海底。流失的磷酸盐的溶解是一个主要问题。鉴于这一问题的重要性,对老磷化港(OPP)周围不同样带沉积物岩心中总无机磷(TIP)的含量进行了估算。此外,还测量了OPP下海水的一些物理和化学性质。TIP样本由水肺从27个地点采集,使用金属管插入一定深度(约1.5 - 2米)的底部。在实验室里,岩心的沉积物被切割成厚度为25厘米的层,以测量每层中的TIP。各层磷浓度在75 ~ 100 cm处最高,从0 ~ 25cm和75 ~ 100 cm处逐渐增加,分别为9140万和300万kg。相反,TIP在75 ~ 100 cm土层至150 ~ 175 cm土层呈下降趋势。在150 ~ 175 cm处,磷素浓度明显下降。根据上述估计,并考虑到各种计算,磷酸盐的总质量约为11.5 × 106 kg。对亚喀巴决策者的最后建议是,没有必要去除现有的磷酸盐。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Jordan Journal of Chemistry
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