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NC State's pioneering geroscience research leads to new Center for Healthy Aging. 北卡罗来纳州立大学开创性的气体科学研究促成了新的健康老龄化中心的成立。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.06.0383
Burgetta Eplin Wheeler
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引用次数: 0
Intersections: Where DEI and wellbeing meet. 交叉点:DEI 与福祉的交汇点。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.262.8.1012
Sandra Faeh
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引用次数: 0
Electrocardiographic abnormalities are frequently detected in healthy adult Borzoi with a normal echocardiogram. 在超声心动图正常的健康成年波尔佐伊犬中,经常会发现心电图异常。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Print Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.04.0247
Sonya Wesselowski, Blakeley Janacek, K Tess Sykes, Ashley B Saunders

Objective: Borzoi reportedly experience sudden death. The objective of this study was to report ECG intervals, amplitudes, and frequency of ECG abnormalities in clinically healthy Borzoi.

Methods: 98 clinically healthy Borzoi were prospectively recruited and underwent echocardiogram, ECG, and cardiac troponin I testing between October 2020 and December 2022. Standard ECG measurements were obtained. Early repolarization notches and slurs were recorded.

Results: Of 82 Borzoi with a structurally normal echocardiogram, ventricular arrhythmias were documented in 8 (10%) dogs, all of which had normal cardiac troponin I concentrations. Median P wave duration was 55 milliseconds (range, 45 to 70 milliseconds). Median PR interval was 125 milliseconds (range, 80 to 175 milliseconds). Thirty-one (38%) Borzoi had first-degree atrioventricular block (PR interval > 130 milliseconds). Median QRS duration was 65 milliseconds (range, 48 to 90 milliseconds). Median QT interval was 235 milliseconds (range, 185 to 275 milliseconds). Twenty-nine (35%) and 15 (18%) of 82 Borzoi had QT intervals > 240 or > 250 milliseconds, respectively. Sixty-seven of 82 (82%) Borzoi had early repolarization notches or slurs. Seventeen of 82 (21%) Borzoi had an abnormality of the ST segment, most commonly convexity/doming. Convexity of the ST segment was intermittent (n = 9) or persistent (4).

Conclusions: Ventricular arrhythmias, early repolarization, prolonged QT intervals, and ST segment abnormalities are not infrequent in clinically healthy Borzoi. P, PR, and QRS durations are commonly prolonged compared to general canine reference intervals.

Clinical relevance: Future study into heritable channelopathies in Borzoi is warranted given the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias, repolarization abnormalities, and sudden death in the breed. Breed-specific ECG reference intervals are needed.

目标:据报道,博佐伊犬会发生猝死。本研究旨在报告临床健康博柔犬的心电图间隔、振幅和心电图异常频率。方法:在 2020 年 10 月至 2022 年 12 月期间,前瞻性地招募了 98 只临床健康博柔犬,并对其进行了超声心动图、心电图和心肌肌钙蛋白 I 检测。获得标准心电图测量结果。结果:在 82 只超声心动图结构正常的博尔佐伊犬中,有 8 只(10%)记录到室性心律失常,所有这些犬的心肌肌钙蛋白 I 浓度均正常。P 波持续时间中位数为 55 毫秒(范围为 45 至 70 毫秒)。PR 间期中位数为 125 毫秒(范围为 80 至 175 毫秒)。31只(38%)博尔佐伊犬患有一级房室传导阻滞(PR间期大于130毫秒)。QRS 中位持续时间为 65 毫秒(范围为 48 至 90 毫秒)。QT 间期中位数为 235 毫秒(范围为 185 至 275 毫秒)。82 只博尔佐犬中分别有 29 只(35%)和 15 只(18%)的 QT 间期大于 240 或大于 250 毫秒。82 只博尔佐犬中有 67 只(82%)出现了早期再极化缺口或斜线。82 只博尔佐伊犬中有 17 只(21%)ST 段异常,最常见的是前凸/后凹。ST 段的凸度为间歇性(9 例)或持续性(4 例):结论:室性心律失常、早复极、QT 间期延长和 ST 段异常在临床健康的博尔佐犬中并不少见。与一般犬类的参考间期相比,P、PR 和 QRS 持续时间普遍延长:临床意义:鉴于博尔佐伊犬经常出现室性心律失常、再极化异常和猝死,今后有必要对该犬种的遗传性通道病进行研究。需要制定针对特定犬种的心电图参考区间。
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引用次数: 0
Agreement between lacrimal fluid and serum for detecting urea nitrogen and creatinine in dogs. 泪液和血清在检测犬尿素氮和肌酐方面的一致性。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Print Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.06.0391
Wendy Tan, Shannon Boveland, Maureen Ann McMichael, Hedie A Bustamante, Pete W Christopherson, Katherine K Gerken, Kendon Kuo

Objective: To determine whether urea nitrogen and creatinine levels differ in lacrimal fluid (LF) and serum (SER) in nonazotemic (control) and azotemic dogs and whether there is an agreement between LF and SER.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed at the Auburn University Small Animal Teaching Hospital between May 2023 and March 2024. Forty control and 38 azotemic dogs were enrolled. Twenty microliters of LF per eye was collected with microcapillary tubes, and 3 mL of blood was drawn. Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to evaluate the agreement between LF and SER.

Results: There was good agreement between LF and SER levels of urea nitrogen in the control group (Bland-Altman plot mean bias of -0.8108 ± 2.407 mg/dL; ICC of 0.874 [95% CI, 0.773 to 0.934]) and the azotemic group (Bland-Altman plot mean bias of -9.681 ± 23.89 mg/dL; ICC of 0.82 [95% CI, 0.658 to 0.906]). There was poor agreement between LF and SER concentrations for creatinine in the control and azotemic groups, with only 26 dogs with creatinine detectable in LF.

Conclusions: Lacrimal fluid and SER concentrations of urea nitrogen showed good agreement in both the control and azotemic groups, whereas poor agreement was found for creatinine in both groups.

Clinical relevance: Measurement of urea nitrogen in LF may provide an alternative to blood for diagnosing uremia. However, additional research is necessary before substituting LF for SER.

目的确定非氮质血症(对照组)和氮质血症犬的泪液(LF)和血清(SER)中的尿素氮和肌酐水平是否存在差异,以及 LF 和 SER 之间是否存在一致性:2023 年 5 月至 2024 年 3 月期间,奥本大学小动物教学医院进行了一项前瞻性观察研究。40 只对照组犬和 38 只氮质血症犬参加了研究。使用微毛细管采集每只眼睛 20 微升的 LF,并抽取 3 毫升血液。使用Bland-Altman图和类内相关系数(ICC)评估LF和SER之间的一致性:对照组(Bland-Altman 图的平均偏差为 -0.8108 ± 2.407 mg/dL;ICC 为 0.874 [95% CI,0.773 至 0.934])和氮质血症组(Bland-Altman 图的平均偏差为 -9.681 ± 23.89 mg/dL;ICC 为 0.82 [95% CI,0.658 至 0.906])的 LF 和 SER 尿素氮水平的一致性良好。在对照组和氮质血症组中,LF 和 SER 中肌酐浓度的一致性较差,只有 26 只狗的 LF 中检测到肌酐:结论:在对照组和氮质血症组中,泪液和 SER 中尿素氮浓度的一致性较好,而在两组中肌酐浓度的一致性较差:临床意义:测量泪液中的尿素氮可替代血液诊断尿毒症。然而,在用 LF 代替 SER 之前还需要进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided anchor wire placement aids in the intraoperative localization of nonpalpable, superficial foreign bodies and abscesses in dogs. 经皮超声引导锚线放置术有助于术中定位犬体内无法触及的浅表异物和脓肿。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Print Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.04.0279
Grace Thomas, Mauro Pivetta, Matthew Simpson, Charlotte Banks, Carlos Sanchez Villamil, Matteo Rossanese

Objective: To describe and evaluate the use of preoperative percutaneous ultrasound-guided anchor wire placement to aid intraoperative localization of superficial foreign bodies and abscesses in dogs.

Animals: 11 dogs.

Clinical presentation: In a retrospective observational study, the medical records of dogs that underwent surgical exploration of superficial abscesses, guided by anchor wire, between 2018 and 2023 were reviewed for clinical and histopathological findings and complications. Owners or veterinarians were contacted to collect long-term follow-up information.

Results: 11 dogs were included. Superficial swelling was the most common clinical presentation. Computed tomography and ultrasound revealed an abscess cavity and suspected foreign body in 9 dogs and an abscess cavity without evidence of a foreign body in 2 dogs. Anchor wires were placed in close proximity to the foreign body or inside the abscess. All documented foreign bodies were successfully located and retrieved. Two dogs suffered minor postoperative complications. No major intra- or postoperative complications were documented. One dog displayed recurrence of clinical signs, but no further surgical management was required.

Clinical relevance: Preoperative percutaneous placement of an anchor wire via ultrasound guidance was successful in aiding intraoperative localization of nonpalpable abscesses and retrieval of foreign bodies. This technique may decrease surgical time, minimize the surgical approach required, and increase the likelihood of successful localization.

目的:描述并评估术前经皮超声引导锚丝放置术在狗体内的应用:描述并评估使用术前经皮超声引导锚线放置术来帮助术中定位犬浅表异物和脓肿的情况。动物:11只犬:在一项回顾性观察研究中,对2018年至2023年期间在锚线引导下接受浅表脓肿手术探查的狗的病历进行了审查,以了解临床和组织病理学结果及并发症。研究人员联系了狗主人或兽医,以收集长期随访信息:共纳入 11 只犬。浅表肿胀是最常见的临床表现。计算机断层扫描和超声波检查显示,9 只狗有脓腔和疑似异物,2 只狗有脓腔但无异物迹象。锚线被放置在异物附近或脓肿内。所有记录在案的异物都被成功找到并取出。两只狗出现了轻微的术后并发症。术中和术后均未出现重大并发症。一只狗的临床症状复发,但无需进一步手术治疗:临床意义:术前通过超声波引导经皮放置锚丝可成功帮助术中定位非肉眼可见的脓肿并取出异物。这项技术可缩短手术时间,最大限度地减少所需手术方式,并提高成功定位的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Letters to the Editor. 致编辑的信
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.2460/javma.262.8.letters
Lisa A Fortier
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block with 0.5 mL of 0.2% bupivacaine/kg is a valuable perioperative analgesic adjunct for cats undergoing ovariectomy. 在超声波引导下使用 0.2% 布比卡因/千克 0.5 毫升进行腰方肌阻滞是卵巢切除术猫围术期镇痛的重要辅助手段。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Print Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.03.0202
Eleonora Lazzarini, Daniela Gioeni, Giulia Del Prete, Matteo Baio, Alessandra M Carotenuto

Objective: To assess the perioperative analgesic effects of bilateral ultrasound (US)-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) using low-volume (LV) or high-volume (HV) bupivacaine, compared to a control group, in cats undergoing ovariectomy.

Animals: 48 healthy female cats.

Methods: Cats were sedated with IM dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg), ketamine (1 mg/kg), and methadone (0.2 mg/kg) followed by IV propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance. Cats were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 16 patients each: QLB-LV group (0.3 mL/kg/side), QLB-HV group (0.5 mL/kg/side), and control group (no QLB). Bilateral, in-plane, US-guided QLB was performed with lateral approach at the L2 transverse process with bupivacaine 0.2%. Physiological variables were recorded intraoperatively by a masked investigator. If intraoperative nociception occurred, fentanyl (1 µg/kg) was administered IV. Rescue postoperative analgesia (buprenorphine, 0.2 mg/kg) was administered in case of a Feline Grimace Scale score ≥ 4 after a 4-hour evaluation period.

Results: In the control group, heart rate (HR) was higher than the QLB-LV group during the first ovarian manipulation (P < .001) and higher than the QLB-HV group during both ovarian manipulations (P < .001 and P = .006). The need for intraoperative rescue analgesia and postoperative pain scores were significantly higher in the QLB-LV (P = .005 and P = .047) and control (P < .001 and P < .001) groups compared to the QLB-HV group. Buprenorphine was administered once in the control group. No clinical signs of bupivacaine toxicity or QLB complications were observed.

Clinical relevance: Bilateral US-guided QLB-HV may effectively provide perioperative analgesia in feline patients undergoing ovariectomy.

目的评估在双侧超声(US)引导下使用低容量(LV)或高容量(HV)布比卡因进行腰椎旁路阻滞(QLB)与对照组相比,对接受卵巢切除术的猫围手术期的镇痛效果:用 IM 右美托咪定(5 µg/kg)、氯胺酮(1 mg/kg)和美沙酮(0.2 mg/kg)对猫进行镇静,然后静脉注射异丙酚诱导和异氟醚维持。猫被随机分配到 3 组,每组 16 人:QLB-LV组(0.3 mL/kg/侧)、QLB-HV组(0.5 mL/kg/侧)和对照组(无QLB)。双侧、平面内、US 引导的 QLB 在 L2 横突的外侧入路,使用 0.2% 布比卡因。由一名蒙面调查员在术中记录生理变量。如果术中出现痛觉反应,则静脉注射芬太尼(1 µg/kg)。在 4 小时评估期后,如果猫科动物龇牙咧嘴量表评分≥ 4 分,则进行术后镇痛抢救(丁丙诺啡,0.2 毫克/千克):在对照组中,第一次卵巢操作时的心率(HR)高于 QLB-LV 组(P < .001),两次卵巢操作时的心率(HR)均高于 QLB-HV 组(P < .001 和 P = .006)。与 QLB-HV 组相比,QLB-LV 组(P = .005 和 P = .047)和对照组(P < .001 和 P < .001)的术中抢救性镇痛需求和术后疼痛评分显著更高。对照组施用一次丁丙诺啡。未观察到布比卡因毒性或 QLB 并发症的临床症状:双侧 US 引导 QLB-HV 可为接受卵巢切除术的猫科动物患者提供有效的围手术期镇痛。
{"title":"Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block with 0.5 mL of 0.2% bupivacaine/kg is a valuable perioperative analgesic adjunct for cats undergoing ovariectomy.","authors":"Eleonora Lazzarini, Daniela Gioeni, Giulia Del Prete, Matteo Baio, Alessandra M Carotenuto","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.03.0202","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.03.0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the perioperative analgesic effects of bilateral ultrasound (US)-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) using low-volume (LV) or high-volume (HV) bupivacaine, compared to a control group, in cats undergoing ovariectomy.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>48 healthy female cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cats were sedated with IM dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg), ketamine (1 mg/kg), and methadone (0.2 mg/kg) followed by IV propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance. Cats were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 16 patients each: QLB-LV group (0.3 mL/kg/side), QLB-HV group (0.5 mL/kg/side), and control group (no QLB). Bilateral, in-plane, US-guided QLB was performed with lateral approach at the L2 transverse process with bupivacaine 0.2%. Physiological variables were recorded intraoperatively by a masked investigator. If intraoperative nociception occurred, fentanyl (1 µg/kg) was administered IV. Rescue postoperative analgesia (buprenorphine, 0.2 mg/kg) was administered in case of a Feline Grimace Scale score ≥ 4 after a 4-hour evaluation period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the control group, heart rate (HR) was higher than the QLB-LV group during the first ovarian manipulation (P < .001) and higher than the QLB-HV group during both ovarian manipulations (P < .001 and P = .006). The need for intraoperative rescue analgesia and postoperative pain scores were significantly higher in the QLB-LV (P = .005 and P = .047) and control (P < .001 and P < .001) groups compared to the QLB-HV group. Buprenorphine was administered once in the control group. No clinical signs of bupivacaine toxicity or QLB complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Bilateral US-guided QLB-HV may effectively provide perioperative analgesia in feline patients undergoing ovariectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1491-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unilateral maxillary mass on a 4-year-old male alpaca. 一只 4 岁雄性羊驼的单侧上颌肿块。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Print Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.02.0081
Rodrigo Sanchez Arjona, Stacy D Cooley, Beth Ihms, Marco Lopes
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引用次数: 0
Treatment of subcutaneous lipomas in the horse. 马皮下脂肪瘤的治疗。
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Print Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.02.0146
Molly T Kearney, J Lacy Kamm

Objective: To describe the treatment of subcutaneous lipomas in the horse.

Animals: 3 horses.

Clinical presentation: The horses were aged 1 to 2 years old, with lipoma of the abdomen, prepuce, and tarsus.

Results: All cases had surgical removal of the masses under general anesthesia. Recurrence of an invasive abdominal lipoma occurred in case 1 at the exit site of a passive drain. The recurrence was treated unsuccessfully with injectable cisplatin, and a second revision surgery with the use of an active drain resulted in resolution. In case 2, complete resection of an encapsulated lipoma of the lateral prepuce was successful with no recurrence. In case 3, incomplete resection of a tarsal lipoma resulted in a sound horse, with no further growth. Histopathologic analysis revealed that all masses were composed of well-differentiated adipocytes with no evidence of malignancy.

Clinical relevance: Subcutaneous lipomas are relatively rare and affect horses primarily ≤ 2 years of age. They are benign, although their presence can be deleterious due to invasion of local structures or the impact on normal locomotion. The margins of invasive tumors are difficult to identify due to their integration with normal tissue. Incomplete removal may allow for mass recurrence. Active suctions drains are beneficial if dead space is a concern.

目的:描述马皮下脂肪瘤的治疗方法:描述马皮下脂肪瘤的治疗方法。动物:3 匹马:临床表现:马匹年龄在 1 到 2 岁之间,腹部、包皮和跗关节处长有脂肪瘤:结果:病例 1 的胸腔脂肪瘤在被动引流管出口处复发。使用注射用顺铂治疗复发未果,使用主动引流管进行第二次翻修手术后,病情得到缓解。在病例 2 中,完全切除包皮外侧包裹性脂肪瘤的手术非常成功,没有复发。在病例 3 中,跗骨脂肪瘤未完全切除,但术后无再生长。组织病理学分析表明,所有肿块均由分化良好的脂肪细胞组成,没有恶变迹象:皮下脂肪瘤相对罕见,多发于 2 岁以下的马。它们是良性的,但由于侵入局部结构或影响正常运动,它们的存在可能是有害的。浸润性肿瘤因与正常组织融合而难以确定边缘。切除不彻底可能导致肿块复发。如果死腔是一个令人担忧的问题,主动抽吸引流是有益的。
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引用次数: 0
Transoral snare removal of subepiglottic cysts. 声门下囊肿的经口蜗形切除术
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-03 Print Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.01.0061
Gustavo H Coutinho, Claude A Ragle

Objective: The objective of this demonstration was to describe and simulate a surgical technique for removing subepiglottic cysts in horses via an oral approach under endoscopic guidance using a cadaver model for simulation and clinical data. The technique aims to provide a minimally invasive method for the removal of these cysts.

Animals: 2 clinical case images from the Washington State University Teaching Hospital were used in the video. In a third horse euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study, the procedure was simulated after the head was frozen and transected transversally.

Methods: Files from 2 horses were reviewed, and the relevant parts were selected. The horse head was set on a stand, and a simulated cyst was implanted under the mucosa, made of the fingertip from a glove filled with carboxymethyl cellulose gel, and sutured. The procedure was performed by one of the authors (CAR) and recorded. A bronchoesophageal grasping forceps and cautery snare were used to simulate a clinical situation in dorsal recumbency.

Results: The cyst was successfully removed as in the real procedure, and the demonstration was recorded for educational use. The review of the videos shows that the simulated procedure is also achievable in a real clinical environment.

Clinical relevance: This technique provides a minimally invasive method for the removal of subepiglottic cysts in horses. The demonstration of this procedure is crucial for the training of surgeons, as it allows the visualization of the procedure in a controlled setting, free from the complications of real clinical situations.

目的:本演示的目的是描述和模拟一种在内窥镜引导下通过口腔方法切除马喉下囊肿的手术技术,并使用尸体模型进行模拟和提供临床数据。动物:视频中使用了华盛顿州立大学教学医院的两个临床病例图像。在第三匹因与研究无关的原因而安乐死的马身上,模拟了头部冷冻和横向横切后的手术过程:方法:审查了 2 匹马的档案,并选择了相关部分。将马头放在支架上,在粘膜下植入一个模拟囊肿,囊肿由手套的指尖制成,内填羧甲基纤维素凝胶,然后缝合。手术由作者之一(CAR)完成并记录。使用支气管食管抓钳和烧灼钳模拟背卧位的临床情况:结果:与真实手术一样,囊肿被成功切除,演示过程被录制下来用于教学。视频回顾显示,模拟手术在真实临床环境中也可实现:临床意义:这项技术为切除马的声门下囊肿提供了一种微创方法。该手术的演示对于外科医生的培训至关重要,因为它可以在可控环境中实现手术的可视化,避免了真实临床环境中的并发症。
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引用次数: 0
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Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association
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