Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

Objective: To evaluate the sedation quality of an IM injection of a commercially available medetomidine-vatinoxan combination (ZEN) in healthy goats and sheep and discern species differences in cardiopulmonary parameters.

Methods: 10 apparently healthy adult university-owned research Black Bengal-crossbreed goats and 10 adult Gulf Coast native and Katahdin sheep were enrolled in this prospective experimental study from June 27 to July 27, 2023. All animals were sedated on 1 occasion with 0.06 mL of ZEN/kg, IM (0.03 mg of medetomidine/kg and 0.6 mg of vatinoxan hydrochloride/kg). Cardiopulmonary variables including heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood gas parameters were recorded along with sedation depth and duration. Any animals still sedated after 150 minutes received 0.01 mg of atipamezole/kg.

Results: The mean ± SD of the total sedation time for sheep and goats was 102.80 ± 10.90 minutes and 133.50 ± 32.63 minutes, respectively. Profound reliable sedation was achieved in all but 1 animal. Hypoxemia was observed in sheep and goats (11 of 20 animals total). Hypotension was seen in 3 of 10 goats.

Conclusions: In sheep and goats, ZEN at 0.06 mL/kg, IM, caused profound sedation. Total sedation time was significantly longer in goats than in sheep.

Clinical relevance: In the presence of oxygen supplementation, ZEN at 0.06 mL/kg, IM, may be an acceptable sedation choice for apparently healthy Gulf Coast native and Katahdin sheep, but not goats; however, preexisting hypokalemia or pulmonary disease are contraindications for the use of ZEN in sheep.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the outcomes between surgeries performed by either experienced or inexperienced surgeons by assessing intraoperative nociception and perioperative analgesia.

Methods: 16 healthy, client-owned female cats were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 8: one undergoing surgery by an experienced surgeon (GES group) and the other by inexperienced surgeons (GIS group). Both groups received IM premedication with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg). After 20 minutes, venipuncture and induction with propofol (dose-response, IV) were performed. Maintenance was achieved with inhaled isoflurane. Intraoperative vital parameters were monitored, and fentanyl (2.5 µg/kg, IV) was administered as rescue analgesia when needed. Postoperatively, pain was assessed with a visual analog scale and the multidimensional pain scale of the Universidade Estadual Paulista in Botucatu; morphine (0.2 mg/kg, IM) was used for rescue analgesia, as necessary.

Results: In the GIS group, significant increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure were noted during surgery, especially during pedicle clamping. Respiratory rate and end-tidal isoflurane levels were higher in the GIS group at specific surgical stages. Survival analysis indicated that the GIS group had a greater need for fentanyl. Postoperative pain scores were generally low, but a higher proportion of GIS cats required rescue analgesia.

Conclusions: Surgeon experience influences intraoperative parameters and fentanyl consumption. Inexperienced surgeons contribute to increased postoperative pain and poorer wound healing outcomes in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Clinical relevance: Ovariohysterectomy is a common procedure in veterinary practice, and surgical expertise significantly impacts pain management and recovery. Yet, its effects have been underexplored, potentially compromising animal welfare.

Objective: The objective of this Case Report was to describe the clinical manifestation and postmortem findings of a horse evaluated for recurrent colic diagnosed with pyloric aplasia and an ectopic duodenal papilla.

Animal: 13-year-old Quarter Horse gelding.

Clinical presentation, progression, and procedures: The horse was presented to a referral center for signs of colic that were unresponsive to management on the farm. No abnormalities were noted on rectal palpation; however, upon passage of a nasogastric tube, 31 L of net gastric reflux was obtained. Gastroscopy noted grade IV squamous ulceration and moderate glandular ulceration, severe gastric dilatation, an abnormally positioned gastric outflow tract, and an ectopic duodenal papilla leaking bile-like fluid directly into the stomach.

Treatment and outcome: The horse was initially treated with gastroprotectants, promotility agents, and dietary modifications. Following treatment failure and repeated episodes of colic with increasing severity, the horse was euthanized and a necropsy performed. At necropsy, it was confirmed that the aboral aspect of the stomach formed a dilated pouch and continued directly into the proximal duodenum with no discernible pyloric sphincter. The area of the pylorus was delineated by a faint indentation. The ectopic duodenal papilla was traced to the liver.

Clinical relevance: Congenital gastric abnormalities, even in adult horses, should be considered as differential diagnoses when investigating horses presenting with a history of chronic colic. Neither pyloric aplasia nor an ectopic duodenal papilla have been described in the equine literature, and this Case Report raises awareness of the presence of such malformations and their manifestations.