Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: Due to economic development and lifestyle changes, childhood obesity and psychological problems are becoming increasingly prominent. However, only a few studies have investigated the available psychological interventions for obese children. In this study, an eight-week empirical research on obese children was conducted where rational-emotive therapy was combined with group exercise.

Methods: A total of 110 obese children from 2 public primary schools in Fujian Province, China were selected via cluster random sampling. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 55 children in each group. The experimental group received an integrated intervention dominated by rational-emotive therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. After eight weeks of intervention, a comparative measurement was conducted on both groups.

Results: The decrease in BMI observed in the experimental group was significantly greater than that observed in the control group, and such difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease in depression observed in the experimental group was greater than that observed in the control group, and such difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The experimental group reported reductions in all eight factors of metal health after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The proposed intervention model can effectively reduce obese children's BMI and depression levels and improve their mental health. The results of this study provide scientific basis for the timely prevention of childhood obesity and negative psychological problems.

Background: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) is higher than in other communities. We aimed to Uncovering the risk of sexually transmitted infections in MSM in Indonesia.

Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional design carried out in 24 provinces in Indonesia from March-May 2023, using secondary data from the 2018-2019 Integrated Biological Behavior Survey (IBBS). The population consisted of MSM who had sex with men totaling 6,000 people. A total of 4,290 samples were selected using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). The data obtained were analyzed with chi-square and logistic regression models of risk factors.

Results: The prevalence of STIs in MSM was 20.9%. Marital status, consistency of condom use (P<0.01), how to get condoms (P<0.001), and STIs examination (P<0.001) had a significant association with the incidence of STIs among MSM from 2018 - 2019. Meanwhile, the use of lubricant during sex association had no significant relationship with the incidence of STIs. Vaginal and anal sexual intercourse had a significant relationship with the incidence of STIs, where MSM who CI95% (had their first anal sex between the ages of 25-49 years (P<0.001), AOR=2.26 and vaginal sex at the age of ≥50 years were more at risk of experiencing STIs (P<0.017), AOR=1.33.

Conclusion: Marital status, consistency of condom use, how to get condoms, and STIs examination, vaginal and anal sexual intercourse had a significant association with the incidence of STIs among MSM.

Background: Smartphone addiction, a growing issue affecting Generation X, Y, and Z, is characterized by excessive use of applications, leading to counterproductive behaviors like virtual shifting. This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of generation differences (X and Y) in the effect of smartphone addiction on cyberloafing behaviors.

Methods: Participants included 423 bank employees and volunteers, with 214 from the X generation and 209 from the Y generation, from three provinces in Turkey. Participants were selected through simple random sampling, and data were gathered using Google Forms between February and Mar 2024. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and AMOS 25 software.

Results: The analysis indicated that a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and cyberloafing behaviors. Furthermore, smartphone addiction was found to have a positive impact on cyberloafing behaviors, with no generational differences in this association.

Conclusion: The study results highlight the importance of smartphone addiction in the workplace, as it leads to an increase in cyberloafing behavior.

Background: Access to health care, or ultimately health care utilization, by all groups of population is a critical goal of health systems around the world. Several studies have examined factors affecting preventive health services utilization among middle-aged population none of systematic review exist. Therefore, we aimed to explore the factors affecting the preventive health services utilization by middle-aged population.

Methods: Drawing on PRISMA protocol, this scoping review explored articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochran by using combinations of relevant keywords. All studies that have investigated factors affecting health service utilization among middle-aged population (40-60 yrs. old), published from 1990 to 2024, were included. The identified studies were screened and narratively synthesized.

Results: Overall, 3314 articles were retrieved, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. The factors were categorized into three main groups including personal, institutional and social factors. Such factors as the aboriginal status, ethnicity, age, religious salience, employment status, having chronic disease, disabilities, numeracy skill levels, knowledge regarding the services, housing insecurity, and urbanization of the residence areas affected the preventive health services utilization by middle-aged population.

Conclusion: Various factors appeared to affect the utilization of middle-aged groups from preventive services, which need to be addressed vigorously in an effort towards universal health coverage. Policymakers ought to understand and bring to the fore these correlated factors in their health system as these de facto signify the place on which the potentially effective interventions should focus and target.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control programs confront a significant challenge in ensuring patients fully adhere to their treatment regimens. Video-observed therapy (VOT) is an alternative digital technology for monitoring tuberculosis treatment that may potentially improve adherence and clinical outcomes. However, there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness and acceptability of VOT. This scoping review aimed to summarize the characteristics of existing evidence-based VOT for tuberculosis treatment monitoring and to describe the evidence for their effectiveness and acceptability.

Methods: This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping review protocol in Jan 2023. Three databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, were used in this review.

Results: The search identified 170 articles, and after the identification and screening process, 22 articles were included in this review. The findings were categorized into effectiveness and acceptability.

Conclusion: There is a progressively growing body of evidence, particularly in treating and monitoring TB using VOT, which has a positive impact on improving effectiveness regarding health outcomes and is widely accepted to implement. Future studies, such as non-inferiority trials and cost-effectiveness evaluations, will help improve tuberculosis strategies and management.

Background: We aimed to appraise and compare the impact of inadequate nutrition in lung transplant recovery.

Methods: Based on the inspection of the meta-analysis data, the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived by dichotomous random or fixed effect models. 6 papers with 1399 lung transplant who were available between 2020 and 2024 were comprised in this meta-analysis.

Results: Frail had significantly higher hospital length of stay (MD, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.80-3.80, P< 0.001), and all-cause mortality (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.40-3.87, P=0.001) compared to non-frail in subjects with lung transplant. However, no significant difference was found between frail and non-frail in intubation post-lung transplant (MD, 7.00; 95% CI, -17.52-31.52, P=0.58), and intensive care unit length of stay (MD, -1.70; 95% CI, -4.53-1.14, P=0.24) in subjects with lung transplant.

Conclusion: Using frail had significantly higher hospital length of stay, and all-cause mortality, however, no significant difference was found in intubation post-lung transplant, and intensive care unit length of stay compared to non-frail in subjects with lung transplant However, given that comparisons comprised a small number of studies, attention ought to be given to their values.

Background: The IL-6 levels in seminal plasma have an important impact on sperm quality. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between IL-6 levels in seminal plasma and sperm parameters for Moroccan population.

Methods: This is a case control study. Semen samples were obtained from patients who consulted the Medical Analysis Laboratory and Reproductive Biology Labomac, Casablanca, Morocco from Apr 2022 to Jun 2023, among them 50 presenting azoospermia, 25 severe oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia and 25 normozoospermia.

Results: Significant differences regarding age of azoospermic patients (P=0.008) and BMI for OATS and azoospermic (P=0.032, P=0.047 respectively), also for physical activity azoospermic P<0.01 and P=0.02 for OATS patients same difference for micronutrient intake especially for zinc. Sperm parameters present also statistically significant in terms of motility, concentration, and morphology (P < 0.05). Semen interleukin-6 levels showed a significant difference for azoospermic patients (P=0.045) also for OATS (P=0.001). On the other hand, leucoscreen analysis revealed a significantly higher mean leukocytes concentration in azoospermic and OATS patients (P=0.004 and P<0.001 respectively).

Conclusion: The seminal plasma IL-6 assay could be used as a sensitive biomarker of silent infection or inflammation of the male genital tract.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death globally. Since a comprehensive study on the relationship between coagulation factors in AMI patients and opium consumption has not been done, in this study the effect of opium consumption on the number of coagulation factors I, II, VII, IX, and XI in patients with myocardial infarction and ST-elevated (STEMI) was investigated. Furthermore, our results shed light on the relationship between opium and coagulation factors with thrombosis grades.

Methods: In this case-control study, 80 STEMI patients referred to Razi Birjand Hospital, Iran, between years 2021 to 2022 were divided into two groups of opium addicts and non-addicts based on opium consumption and non-addict use, and the levels of the mentioned coagulation factors in their plasma were measured and compared with the corresponding values in 80 healthy people. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. The significance level of all tests was 5%.

Results: The number of coagulation factors I, II, VII, and IX, unlike factor XI, in the opium addict group was significantly higher than the other two groups. While there was no statistically significant relationship between these coagulation factors with different degrees of thrombosis, most of the studied population were classified as Grade 5. Results also suggest no significant correlation between biochemical parameters and opium consumption.

Conclusion: Opium consumption can cause thrombosis by increasing the level of some coagulation factors. The findings from this study could have implications for clinical practice and public health interventions related to opium addiction and its impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a cause of concern because of their growing consumption levels across age groups and associated chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The aim of this review was to provide a detailed profile of the SSBs trends and associated health risk, with special focus on its role in breast cancer development. A review of current literature has depicted increased in-takes of SSBs across the globe with servings ranging from 3 to 11 per day in different countries, while children, adolescents and young adults report the highest intake levels. These increased intakes further contribute to different metabolic diseases via increased body adiposity, blood glucose and insulin levels, and increased post-menopausal estrogen levels, all of which contribute to chronic diseases, including cancers. Nutrition interventions including ones that target SSBs reduction seem to have a positive impact on reducing the development of these non-communicable diseases and are also associated with better prognosis and survival chances in cancer patients. However, the implementation of SSBs taxation and mass awareness campaign interventions remains poor due to lack of policy development and regulation for these beverages. The control of SSBs intake across the world requires rigorous research to construct efficient and practical policies to reduce the accessibility and marketing of SSBs while simultaneously increasing awareness in the public regarding the health risks of these beverages. To achieve this, a coordinated approach involving different public and private sectors is needed.