Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) raise worldwide morbidity, death, and healthcare expenditures. Preventing and managing HAIs requires nursing interventions such hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship. This meta-analysis examined how nursing interventions reduced HAIs in different hospital settings.

Methods: A complete PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search was undertaken for January 2000-December 2023 research. Studies on HAI-reducing nursing interventions were included. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The random-effects model was used to construct pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs in meta-analysis. We also performed subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses.

Results: Fourteen trials with 2540 individuals were included. In the pooled study, nursing interventions significantly reduced HAI incidence (RR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.35-0.50, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that hand hygiene, PPE usage, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship reduced HAIs. Sensitivity analysis verified these results' reliability. Egger's test showed no publication bias (P = 0.78). Over time, cumulative meta-analysis showed constant effect sizes.

Conclusion: Nursing interventions significantly reduce HAIs. Hand hygiene, PPE, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship are essential to infection control. Healthcare institutions should prioritise these actions and resolve compliance hurdles to enhance patient outcomes and minimise HAIs. Research is needed to explore innovative approaches and identify factors influencing compliance.

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) has been extensively studied for its clinical and industrial significance, often linked to anthropometric measures like height, weight, and hand dimensions. In Colombia, research on these correlations exists but is fragmented and methodologically varied, limiting the ability to generalize findings. This lack of standardization highlights the need for a unified approach. This study aimed to address this gap by analyzing HGS in the Colombian context.

Methods: Overall, 678 subjects (48.9% female and 51.1% male) were enrolled in 2022. They were aged between 18 and 63 yr old, apparently healthy, and were from Bogota, Colombia. It was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. To determine the seven variables of the hand, the posture recommended by the ASHT was followed.

Results: Men had significantly higher HGS than women. The dominant hand represents 94.6% of females and 90.5% of males. However, dominance does not have a negative impact on gender when it is analyzed alone. The use of predictive models with cubic regressions permitted us to establish significant variables such as gender and hand width for the right hand and gender, age, hand thickness, and maximum palmar length for the left hand.

Conclusion: The predictive models, the HGS relationship and the dimensions of the hand are evidenced, but in future studies it will be necessary to include the arm, forearm, and wrist sections to the methodology.

Background: Significant linear trends indicate that rising adolescent obesity rates will increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated health risks. We aimed to initially determine the prevalence of MetS among adolescents (aged 13-16 yr) with obesity in the South Al Batinah governorate in Oman (n=3404) based on data collected in 2024. Then to predict the risk factors of MetS criteria based on health-related fitness (HRF) components to identify the most significant risk factors among them (n= 512, with BMIile% ≥95%).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the MetS prevalence. MetS criteria and HRF components were measured to examine key risk factors. Then, the predictive value of HRF variables for MetS incidence was assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Results: The descriptive results from screening adolescents with obesity indicated that 10.7% of them exhibited MetS. A notable correlation between fast blood glucose (FBG) and cardiorespiratory fitness; CRF (r=0.28, P=0.001), waist circumference; WC (r=0.39, P<0.0001), and BMI (r=0.46, P<0.0001) were revealed. There was a robust correlation between blood pressure; BP and CRF (r=0.19, P=0.025), WC (r=0.24, P=0.007), and BMI (r=0.43, P<0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant model for the high FBG prediction using the HRF variables, while the models predicted for BP were not significant.

Conclusion: Significant correlation between HRF level and MetS criteria revealed that field-based tests HRF components, can be used to recognize MetS criteria among adolescents with obesity.

Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the readiness for discharge of patients with malignancy when carrying a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) as well as to explore the associated factors affecting readiness for discharge.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases from inception to Mar 2024 were systematically searched to collect relevant cross-sectional studies. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used for effect size synthesis, and the stability of the results was assessed by heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias detection.

Results: Eight cross-sectional studies comprising 748 participants were included, and the mean score for patients' readiness to discharge was 146.98 (95% CI: 127.17, 166.79) under a random-effects model, but the analysis showed a very high degree of heterogeneity (I²=100%, P<0.01). In our in-depth analysis of factors influencing discharge readiness, we found that literacy level (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.59) and income level (OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.78) were significantly associated with better readiness for discharge, and that age had a non-significant effect on readiness for discharge, with a combined effect size (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.08).

Conclusion: Among patients with malignant tumours, self-efficacy, distance from home to the hospital, and income level have a significant impact on discharge readiness in their PICC carriers. Optimising discharge instructions and patient education strategies for these factors may improve patients' readiness for discharge, reduce the risk of PICC-related complications, and improve outcomes.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early-onset challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and clinical diversity. ASD is a highly heritable disorder, however, the exact mechanism by which inherited variants contribute to ASD in multiplex families, where more than one affected individual within a family is presented, remains unclear. We aimed to identify inherited genes in patients with ASD in a family with two affected siblings using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS).

Methods: We performed WGS on two patients from a single family diagnosed with ASD. All of the patients were diagnosed with ASD using the gold-standard Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). We used various bioinformatics approaches to identify a list of prioritized candidate genes that may be associated with ASD or other neurodevelopmental disorders in this family.

Results: Our WGS analysis identified three potential candidate genes (EVI5:c.-82+866C>T, RAPGEF1:c.668C>T;p. Thr223Ile and PDZD4:c. -457G>A)) associated with ASD shared by the two patients. Additionally, utilizing various in-silico prediction tools and analysis of bioinformatics databases revealed that these rare variants are predicted to be deleterious and may contribute to ASDs. The identified variants are the first variants reported in ASD patients in the Iranian population that could be subjected to further validation studies.

Conclusion: These findings shed light on the genetic diversity of ASD within multiplex families and emphasize the complexity of genetic basis of ASD. Understanding the underlying genetic architecture of ASD is pivotal for advancing precise diagnostics and tailored therapeutic strategies.

Background: We aimed to systematically evaluate the risk of negative effect for newborns born to expectant mothers with severe vomiting in terms of birth weight, premature delivery, low Apgar score, and NICU hospitalization.

Methods: We conducted a systematically search for relevant studies on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases, using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate research quality, and RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis from 2009 to 2022. The main outcome measures were: Low-birth weight, preterm delivery, low Apgar score and growth restriction.

Results: In 9 studies, the risk of Low birth weight in hyperemesis pregnant women was increased, and the random effect model was OR 2.38 (95% CI 0.43 to 13.13). The heterogeneity of the study was high (I²=100%). Four studies showed an increased risk of low Apgar scores, with an OR of 2.69 (95% CI 0.30 to 24.48), and high heterogeneity (I²=95%). The risk of premature birth in 5 papers is equivalent, with an OR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.22) and low heterogeneity (I²=6%). The risk of growth restriction was higher in 7 papers, with an OR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.85) and lower heterogeneity (I²=29%). Subgroup analysis showed that heterogeneity mainly stemmed from differences in the definition of hyperemesis.

Conclusion: Pregnant women with severe vomiting have a higher risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight and low Apgar scores, and a higher risk of giving birth to babies with growth restriction, but the risk of premature birth is comparable.