Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: We explored practical strategies to improve nursing staff retention in Korea, addressing the challenges posed by nursing shortages.

Methods: We examined the influence of parental stress, the nursing work environment, and job engagement (a sense of connection and commitment to work) on job embeddedness. Data were collected from 216 female nurses with children aged 1-12 years working at hospitals in Korea from August 23 to October 13, 2024. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and mediating effect.

Results: Job embeddedness showed a negative correlation with parenting stress (r=-0.360, P<0.001) and positive correlation with nursing work environment (r=0.653, P<0.001) and job engagement (r=0.540, P<0.001). Job engagement was also negatively correlated with parenting stress (r=-0.265, P<0.001) and positively correlated with the nursing work environment (r=0.472, P<0.001). Nurses with higher job satisfaction also reported higher job embeddedness (β=0.36, P<0.001). Improvements in the nursing work environment were associated with increase in both job embeddedness (β=0.36, P<0.001) and job engagement (β=0.18, P=0.002). Mediation analysis confirmed that job engagement partially mediated the relationships between parenting stress, the nursing work environment, and job embeddedness (F=75.76, P<0.001).

Conclusion: Parenting stress and the nursing work environment significantly influence job engagement, which, in turn, contributes to higher job embeddedness among nurses. To improve job embeddedness for female nurses, organizations should implement support programs to reduce parenting stress, foster family-friendly work environments, and establish institutional measures to promote job engagement.

Background: This research's comprehensive review and meta-analysis seek to offer additional non-invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring liver fibrosis, thereby serving as a dependable resource for clinical practice and scientific investigation.

Methods: To find pertinent research on the use of serum YKL-40 levels in liver fibrosis patients, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Information, and the China Biology Medicine Library System were searched. The search was conducted up to May 2024.

Results: In studies comparing serum YKL-40 levels in patients with hepatic fibrosis and controls, the overall combined difference was 1.37 (0.66, 2.08), with the Chinese subgroup showing high heterogeneity, while the Egyptian study did not show heterogeneity. A total of 17 studies, including 2554 patients, were included. The combined sensitivity for diagnosing advanced fibrosis and severe fibrosis was 0.80 and 0.78 respectively, with specificities of 0.88 and 0.82. The AUC for advanced fibrosis and severe fibrosis were 0.91 and 0.87 respectively.

Conclusion: Serum YKL-40 shows potential value in diagnosis of liver fibrosis, but further clinical research is needed to confirm and improve its utility.

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) and its end-stage manifestation, cirrhosis, present significant global health challenges, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite its impact on various organ systems, the musculoskeletal effects of CLD, particularly vitamin D deficiency remain underexplored. This study aimed to identify significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency among CLD patients.

Methods: Overall, 177 CLD patients of either gender, aged 18 yr and above were included using the non-probability consecutive sampling technique. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the medical units of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, from Jan to Jun 2023. Various markers of hepatic function including bilirubin, albumin, and International normalised ratio (INR), were analyzed, along with a complete blood count and each patient was assigned a Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. The relationship of vitamin D with different variables was assessed through Chi-Square tests. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were carried out to identify predictors of vitamin D deficiency.

Results: Mean age of patients was 51.76±5.77 yr and the majority were male (68.4%). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 28.24%, particularly among those with cirrhosis. Vitamin D levels correlated negatively with disease severity, as indicated by CTP (P<0.05) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) (P<0.05) scores, and positively with albumin levels (P<0.05). Increasing age, male gender, and higher CTP and MELD scores were significant predictors (P<0.05) of vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion: Vitamin D levels correlate with hepatic dysfunction and are negatively associated with disease progression. Significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency identified include increasing age, male gender, and higher MELD and CTP Score.

This review examined the prevalence and possible causes of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Kyrgyzstan. According to a national survey in Kyrgyzstan, the prevalence of overweight among adolescent girls is classified as "high" according to the WHO thresholds (14.5 %). The prevalence of overweight shows a slight upward trend with age and is classified as "very high" among adolescents aged 16-18 years (20.8 %). The review explores dietary habits, physical activity, socioeconomic consequences, and the impact of advertising unhealthy products.

Background: We aimed to examine the influence of a direct supervisor's attitude on depression among nurses.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey, which collected information from 467 registered nurses in Seoul, South Korea. Descriptive statistics and the Rao-Scott test were performed to determine the difference between general and work-related characteristics according to whether the nurses were depressed or not. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed by adjusting for covariates to analyze the association between the attitude of the direct supervisor's behavior and depression among nurses.

Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the direct supervisor's attitude and depressive symptoms in nurses. After multivariable adjustment, compared with the group with the most positive supervisor attitudes, the odds ratios for depressive symptoms in groups with increasingly negative perceptions of supervisor attitudes were 2.615 (95% CI: 0.96-7.12), 2.921 (95% CI: 1.64-13.29), and 4.844 (95% CI: 1.46-12.18), respectively. The results showed that the direct supervisor's negative attitude was positively associated with the nurse's depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: Negative supervisor attitudes are significantly associated with depression in nurses. Effective strategies and policies, such as a zero-tolerance policy against negative disrespectful attitudes and behavior in the hospital and proper management of the direct supervisor's attitude, are needed to reduce the risk of depression among nurses. Interventions aimed at reducing nurses' depressive symptoms are suggested as an effective way to prevent and manage their depressive symptoms.

Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in Iran, attributed to the demographic shift towards an aging population, holds considerable importance. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and number of Alzheimer's disease in Iran by 2029.

Methods: Dynamic modeling techniques were employed to project the number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among the elderly population in Iran by the year 2029. Two interconnected models were developed to facilitate this estimation. The initial model is a demographic model that captures the aging population's growth dynamics. The subsequent model, an AD evaluation model, that assess potential impacts on disease. This approach enables a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing AD trends within the context of Iran's aging demographic.

Results: The results show the number of individuals aged over 60 is expected to rise from approximately 9.1 million in 2020 to around 13.7 million in 2029. As the older adult population grows, the number of AD is also anticipated to increase. The number of Alzheimer's patients is predicted to grow from about 464,400 in 2020 to roughly 729,900 by 2029.

Conclusion: Forecasting future trends in AD, especially in developing countries, is crucial for policymakers because of its growing impact on healthcare systems and economies globally. The findings of this study can aid in assessing the economic burdens associated with treating Alzheimer's patients, providing valuable insights for planning and resource allocation.

Background: We aimed to reveal the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and health indicators in Organization Islamic Countries (OIC).

Methods: The panel data method was used in the analyses, health indicators as independent variables belonging to 16 Islamic countries with regular data from 2008-2021, and the SDG score as the dependent variable was considered.

Results: A one-unit increase in maternal mortality reduced the SDG score by 0.0047 units, a one-unit increase in neonatal mortality reduced the SDG score by 0.27 units, besides these results no significant relationships were found between U5mort, NCD mort, TB, VAC variables, and SDG score (P>0.05). Granger causality analysis results showed different causal relationships and variance decomposition results show that the long-term explanatory effect of health indicators on the SDG score by approximately 23%.

Conclusion: According to the empirical evidence obtained from the research, improvements in health indicators especially focused on mother and child health positively affect the SDG score in the countries examined.

Background: We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on rehabilitation outcomes in patients following joint replacement surgery.

Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis performed a computerized search of six databases-PubMed, Wiley Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and PEDro-from 2009-2024, for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias according to predefined criteria. The primary outcome measures included range of Motion (ROM), pain scores, muscle strength, and functional recovery scores.

Results: Ten RCTs involving 549 participants were included in the analysis, all of which met the inclusion criteria and had a moderate to low risk of bias. NMES significantly reduced pain scores in patients following joint replacement surgery (Standardized mean differences, with high heterogeneity (I² = 82%). NMES had no significant effect on flexion range of motion (I² = 33%) and a limited impact on extension range of motion (P=0.04). NMES positively affected quadriceps strength (I² = 95%). For the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, NMES had a small positive effect (P < 0.01), but after standardizing TUG test scores based on baseline levels, NMES had a significant positive effect (P < 0.01). NMES had a significant positive effect on the stairs climb test (P < 0.01) and on function score (P = 0.01).

Conclusion: NMES is an effective adjunctive therapy for improving joint range of motion, reducing pain, and enhancing functional recovery after joint replacement surgery, but further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

Background: We compared the diagnostic accuracy and application value of chromosome microarray (CMA) technique and karyotype analysis for prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic diseases using different clinical markers.

Methods: This is a prospective clinical study involving 1587 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis due to various abnormal clinical indications in China between May 2018 and Nov 2021. Both chromosome microarray and karyotype analysis were applied. Participants were categorized into six groups based on different indications for prenatal diagnosis. The detection rates of chromosome microarray and karyotype analysis were compared. The study utilized SPSS version 20 for data analysis, employing descriptive statistics for count data results and chi-square statistics for statistical associations between outcomes and predictors.

Results: Chromosome microarray and karyotype analysis detected more abnormal chromosomes in the group with abnormal NIPT, with positive detection rates of 59.68% and the group in other situation with positive detection rates of 39.22%. Overall, 343 chromosome abnormalities were detected among participants. Overall, 101 cases chose induced labor, 240 cases gave birth, 1 newborn died after delivery, 1 case of twin chose selective reduction, another fetus gave birth, and 1 case lost to follow-up. The detection rate of chromosome abnormality in high-risk population was more than 1/5, highlighting the importance of reducing the incidence of birth defects through interventional prenatal diagnosis.

Conclusion: Clinically, Down's screening, NIPT and prenatal ultrasound screening can be conducted initially, followed by karyotype analysis and CMA detection for those with abnormal findings.