Black soldier fly have been shown to be one of the optimal alternatives to fishmeal, but there are few reports on the effects of zymolytic black soldier fly larvae (ZBSFL) on the growth and digestion of crustaceans. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different replacement levels of ZBFLS on growth performance, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity of the mud crab larvae. Four diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% ZBSFL in the basal diet. Crab larvae were randomly divided into four groups of three replicates each and fed twice daily. The results showed that the SR of crab larvae was higher than that of the no-substitution group when the substitution rate reached 5% (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in SR when the substitution rate was further increased. Weight growth rate and Specific growth rate were similar, both highest at 10% substitution ratio. The crude protein content of whole crab larvae gradually increased as the proportion of FM substituted by ZBSFL increased. The lipid content of whole crab larvae in the 5% substitution ratio group was significantly higher than that in all other groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile. The activities of amylase, protease and lipase gradually increased. In this experiment, when the percentage of ZBSFL substitution for FM reached 10%, its growth performance was optimal, with higher SR, less negative effects and more balanced indicators in all aspects. When the substitution rate was further increased, it might increase the digestive burden of the crab and negatively affect its growth.
{"title":"Effects of replacing dietary fishmeal with zymolytic black soldier fly larvae on the growth performance of the mud crab (<i>scylla paramamosain</i>) larvae","authors":"Qibin Yang, Rui Fan, Zhenhua Ma, Song Jiang, Jianhua Huang, Lishi Yang, YunDong Li, Rui Yang, Jing Hu, Shengjie Zhou, Qiong Su, Fa-Lin Zhou","doi":"10.46989/001c.89728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.89728","url":null,"abstract":"Black soldier fly have been shown to be one of the optimal alternatives to fishmeal, but there are few reports on the effects of zymolytic black soldier fly larvae (ZBSFL) on the growth and digestion of crustaceans. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different replacement levels of ZBFLS on growth performance, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity of the mud crab larvae. Four diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% ZBSFL in the basal diet. Crab larvae were randomly divided into four groups of three replicates each and fed twice daily. The results showed that the SR of crab larvae was higher than that of the no-substitution group when the substitution rate reached 5% (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in SR when the substitution rate was further increased. Weight growth rate and Specific growth rate were similar, both highest at 10% substitution ratio. The crude protein content of whole crab larvae gradually increased as the proportion of FM substituted by ZBSFL increased. The lipid content of whole crab larvae in the 5% substitution ratio group was significantly higher than that in all other groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile. The activities of amylase, protease and lipase gradually increased. In this experiment, when the percentage of ZBSFL substitution for FM reached 10%, its growth performance was optimal, with higher SR, less negative effects and more balanced indicators in all aspects. When the substitution rate was further increased, it might increase the digestive burden of the crab and negatively affect its growth.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of either fresh or dried black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in diets on the production parameters and chemical composition of Thai frogs ( Rana rugosa ) cultured in net cages. Frog fingerlings have an initial weight of 20.4 g and were distributed randomly into fifteen net cages (2 x 3 x 1.5 m) at a density of 240 frog.net cage-1. Including five dietary treatments named: T1 (100% commercial feed used as a control), T2 (100% dried BSFL), T3 (50% dried BSFL + 50% commercial feed), T4 (50% fresh BSFL + 50% commercial feed), and T5 (100% fresh BSFL) with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the survival rate of frogs ranged from 64.3% to 87.0%, improved feed conversion ratio (1.43 to 1.90%), increased live weight (194.7 – 244.6 g), daily weight gain (2.9 – 3.7 g.day-1), and frog’s yield (6.30 – 7.96 kg.m-2). The contents of crude protein (18.21 – 23.19%), ether extract (0.28 – 0.53%), and total ash (0.99 – 1.05%) of frog meat in this study were affected by the inclusion of either fresh or dried BSFL in the diets of frogs. In recommendation, the diet comprised from 50% fresh BSFL + 50% commercial feed could be applied successfully in Thai frog cage production.
{"title":"Using black soldier fly larvae as feed for Thai frog (<i>Rana rugosa</i> Temminck and Schlegel, 1838) – Preliminary study of the effect on production parameters","authors":"Vo D. Nghia, Pham T.P. Lan, Nguyen D.Q. Tram","doi":"10.46989/001c.89421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.89421","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of either fresh or dried black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in diets on the production parameters and chemical composition of Thai frogs ( Rana rugosa ) cultured in net cages. Frog fingerlings have an initial weight of 20.4 g and were distributed randomly into fifteen net cages (2 x 3 x 1.5 m) at a density of 240 frog.net cage-1. Including five dietary treatments named: T1 (100% commercial feed used as a control), T2 (100% dried BSFL), T3 (50% dried BSFL + 50% commercial feed), T4 (50% fresh BSFL + 50% commercial feed), and T5 (100% fresh BSFL) with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the survival rate of frogs ranged from 64.3% to 87.0%, improved feed conversion ratio (1.43 to 1.90%), increased live weight (194.7 – 244.6 g), daily weight gain (2.9 – 3.7 g.day-1), and frog’s yield (6.30 – 7.96 kg.m-2). The contents of crude protein (18.21 – 23.19%), ether extract (0.28 – 0.53%), and total ash (0.99 – 1.05%) of frog meat in this study were affected by the inclusion of either fresh or dried BSFL in the diets of frogs. In recommendation, the diet comprised from 50% fresh BSFL + 50% commercial feed could be applied successfully in Thai frog cage production.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Liu, Bao-Suo Liu, Hua-Yang Guo, Jing-Wen Yang, Nan Zhang, Xian Lin, Ke-Cheng Zhu, Dian-Chang Zhang
Golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus ) is a marine fish of great commercial value. It was selected for a study on allometric growth using fermented soybean meal (SBM) as the primary protein source during an 8-week culture period. By comparing the gene expression levels of different individuals in the fermented soybean meal group, we discovered that 1026 genes exhibited significant changes in slow and fast-growth individuals. Among these genes, 358 showed high expression levels, while 668 showed low ones. Subsequently, we conducted go function annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on all the significantly differentially expressed genes. This analysis revealed that many of these genes were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, steroid biosynthesis, glyceride metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamate metabolism. Identifying these differentially expressed genes is a foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind growth and development. Additionally, it provides valuable gene data for future studies on the cloning and expression of growth-related genes and offers insights for subsequent biological research.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of the allometric growth of golden pompano (<i>Trachinotus ovatus</i>) following soybean meal feed","authors":"Bo Liu, Bao-Suo Liu, Hua-Yang Guo, Jing-Wen Yang, Nan Zhang, Xian Lin, Ke-Cheng Zhu, Dian-Chang Zhang","doi":"10.46989/001c.89036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.89036","url":null,"abstract":"Golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus ) is a marine fish of great commercial value. It was selected for a study on allometric growth using fermented soybean meal (SBM) as the primary protein source during an 8-week culture period. By comparing the gene expression levels of different individuals in the fermented soybean meal group, we discovered that 1026 genes exhibited significant changes in slow and fast-growth individuals. Among these genes, 358 showed high expression levels, while 668 showed low ones. Subsequently, we conducted go function annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on all the significantly differentially expressed genes. This analysis revealed that many of these genes were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, steroid biosynthesis, glyceride metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamate metabolism. Identifying these differentially expressed genes is a foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind growth and development. Additionally, it provides valuable gene data for future studies on the cloning and expression of growth-related genes and offers insights for subsequent biological research.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactococcus garvieae is one of the primary pathogens causing the severe disease to golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus ). Vaccination is the most effective measure of preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. However, no commercially available vaccine protects T. ovatus against L. garvieae infection. In the present study, the formalin-inactivated L. garvieae vaccines, consisting of bacterin alone (aqueous vaccine) and combined with oil adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 763 A VG (vaccine+763A), were prepared and administered to T. ovatus by intraperitoneal injection. The protective efficacy was evaluated by testing the relative percent survival (RPS), serum enzyme activity, and expression levels of immune-related genes in the tissues of T. ovatus after immunization. The results indicated that the relative percentage survival (RPS) values of aqueous vaccine and vaccine+763A were 80% and 90.8% at 8 weeks post-vaccination. The level of antibody titer, lysozyme activities, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the two vaccinated fish groups increased significantly compared to that in the control group. Moreover, the expression levels of immune-related genes IgM , TNF-α , IL-8 , MHCI-α , MHCII , CD4 , CD8α, and IL-1β in all the tested tissues from T. ovatus were significantly enhanced after inoculation with aqueous vaccine and vaccine+763A. These findings demonstrated that the developed vaccine combined with oil adjuvant ISA 763 A VG improved immune responses and provided good protective efficacy against L. garvieae infection in the golden pompano culture.
garvieae乳球菌是引起金鲳鱼(Trachinotus ovatus)严重疾病的主要病原体之一。接种疫苗是预防传染病发生和传播的最有效措施。然而，目前还没有市售的疫苗可以保护卵形绦虫免受鸡乳杆菌的感染。在本研究中，制备了由单独的细菌素(水疫苗)和联合油佐剂Montanide™ISA 763A VG(疫苗+763A)组成的福尔马林灭活鸡乳杆菌疫苗，并通过腹腔注射给卵头绦虫。通过检测免疫后卵形弓形虫的相对存活率(RPS)、血清酶活性和组织中免疫相关基因的表达水平来评价免疫保护效果。结果表明，水疫苗和疫苗+763A在接种后8周的相对存活率(RPS)分别为80%和90.8%。两组鱼的抗体滴度、溶菌酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶水平均显著高于对照组。免疫相关基因IgM、TNF-α、IL-8、MHCI-α、MHCII、CD4、CD8α和IL-1β的表达水平在接种水疫苗和疫苗+763A后均显著提高。上述结果表明，该疫苗与油佐剂ISA 763 A VG联合使用，可提高金鲳鱼的免疫应答，对金鲳鱼感染具有良好的保护作用。
{"title":"Efficacy of a formalin-inactivated vaccine against <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> infection in golden pompano <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i>","authors":"Jing Lv, Lindi Yang, Yanping Li, Shiping Yang, Shuanghu Cai, Jichang Jian, Yucong Huang","doi":"10.46989/001c.88368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.88368","url":null,"abstract":"Lactococcus garvieae is one of the primary pathogens causing the severe disease to golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus ). Vaccination is the most effective measure of preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. However, no commercially available vaccine protects T. ovatus against L. garvieae infection. In the present study, the formalin-inactivated L. garvieae vaccines, consisting of bacterin alone (aqueous vaccine) and combined with oil adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 763 A VG (vaccine+763A), were prepared and administered to T. ovatus by intraperitoneal injection. The protective efficacy was evaluated by testing the relative percent survival (RPS), serum enzyme activity, and expression levels of immune-related genes in the tissues of T. ovatus after immunization. The results indicated that the relative percentage survival (RPS) values of aqueous vaccine and vaccine+763A were 80% and 90.8% at 8 weeks post-vaccination. The level of antibody titer, lysozyme activities, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the two vaccinated fish groups increased significantly compared to that in the control group. Moreover, the expression levels of immune-related genes IgM , TNF-α , IL-8 , MHCI-α , MHCII , CD4 , CD8α, and IL-1β in all the tested tissues from T. ovatus were significantly enhanced after inoculation with aqueous vaccine and vaccine+763A. These findings demonstrated that the developed vaccine combined with oil adjuvant ISA 763 A VG improved immune responses and provided good protective efficacy against L. garvieae infection in the golden pompano culture.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, sodium metabisulfite, and citric acid against melanosis, which causes significant economic losses during the storage of shrimps. For this purpose, two different types of chitosan were extracted from tiger prawn shell wastes. The extracted chitosan was characterized by viscosity, FT-IR, XRD, SEM imaging, and color analyses. Prevention of melanosis formation was investigated by testing chitosan, sodium metabisulfite, and citric acid. To achieve this, fresh deep-water pink shrimp samples immersed in different solutions were stored for 12 days at 4℃. Melanosis formation in the samples was observed via color measurement, sensory evaluation, and image analysis. According to the results of the research, the deacetylation degrees of chitosans were found to be 99.50 and 89.51% and 76.31 and 78.24% by two different methods, respectively. Viscosities were measured as 0.34 and 4.17 cSt, respectively. Regarding the color parameters, the L* values were 83.68 and 78.94, a* values were 0.55 and 2.71, and b* values were 10.33 and 13.85, respectively. According to the sensory evaluation conducted throughout the study, melanosis formation was observed in all groups starting from the 6th day. On the 8th day, the control groups exceeded the acceptability threshold, and on the 12th day, melanosis formation spread throughout the body in all groups. The sensory evaluation results were supported by the color measurement and image analysis implemented for the first time in this study. The present study’s results showed that chitosan obtained from shellfish wastes decelerates melanosis formation as an alternative to commercially used chemicals.
{"title":"Chitosan Decelerates Melanosis in Shrimp: A Novel Technique for Visual Quality Assessment Using Digital Image Analysis","authors":"Ali Eslem Kadak","doi":"10.46989/001c.88509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.88509","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, sodium metabisulfite, and citric acid against melanosis, which causes significant economic losses during the storage of shrimps. For this purpose, two different types of chitosan were extracted from tiger prawn shell wastes. The extracted chitosan was characterized by viscosity, FT-IR, XRD, SEM imaging, and color analyses. Prevention of melanosis formation was investigated by testing chitosan, sodium metabisulfite, and citric acid. To achieve this, fresh deep-water pink shrimp samples immersed in different solutions were stored for 12 days at 4℃. Melanosis formation in the samples was observed via color measurement, sensory evaluation, and image analysis. According to the results of the research, the deacetylation degrees of chitosans were found to be 99.50 and 89.51% and 76.31 and 78.24% by two different methods, respectively. Viscosities were measured as 0.34 and 4.17 cSt, respectively. Regarding the color parameters, the L* values were 83.68 and 78.94, a* values were 0.55 and 2.71, and b* values were 10.33 and 13.85, respectively. According to the sensory evaluation conducted throughout the study, melanosis formation was observed in all groups starting from the 6th day. On the 8th day, the control groups exceeded the acceptability threshold, and on the 12th day, melanosis formation spread throughout the body in all groups. The sensory evaluation results were supported by the color measurement and image analysis implemented for the first time in this study. The present study’s results showed that chitosan obtained from shellfish wastes decelerates melanosis formation as an alternative to commercially used chemicals.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biofloc technology on the water quality and growth performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii . The experiment was carried out over 165 days at the hatchery complex of the College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Mindanao State University-Marawi, Philippines. Postlarvae of M. rosenbergii (0.011±0.05 g) were stocked in 18 circular tanks (1200 L) consisting of six treatments under biofloc and non-biofloc systems in a completely randomized experimental design with tapioca flour as the carbohydrate source. Commercial pelletized sinking prawn feed with three dietary protein levels, viz., 42, 38, and 35% were chosen as experimental feeds. Results of the present study show that the water parameters were within the optimum range required in the culture of freshwater prawns. However, biofloc technology (BFT) did not influence sediment and water samples’ dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH values. On the other hand, total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and nitrate showed significant variation ( p <0.05) among treatments, with higher values in the control treatment compared to the biofloc treatments. Moreover, the dietary protein level and carbohydrate addition had no significant effect on soil pH and organic carbon except for the soil total nitrogen value, where higher values were observed in the biofloc treatments. Furthermore, significantly higher mean prawn weight gain, net prawn yield, specific growth rate (SGR), and average daily weight gain (ADG) were recorded in the biofloc treatments compared to non-biofloc treatments. At the end of the culture period, there was 100% survival in all of the tanks. On the other hand, no significant variations were observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in the control treatment compared to the treatment with biofloc except in tanks using feed of 42% CP under the biofloc system. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, the use of BFT in the culture system of M. rosenbergii , helped reduce the protein percentage from 42 to 35, while maintaining the yield.
{"title":"Effects of biofloc technology on water quality and growth performance of <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>","authors":"Ma-ann Camarin, Alejandro Gonzaga, Jhumar Jamis, Adelaida Calpe","doi":"10.46989/001c.88899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.88899","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biofloc technology on the water quality and growth performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii . The experiment was carried out over 165 days at the hatchery complex of the College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Mindanao State University-Marawi, Philippines. Postlarvae of M. rosenbergii (0.011±0.05 g) were stocked in 18 circular tanks (1200 L) consisting of six treatments under biofloc and non-biofloc systems in a completely randomized experimental design with tapioca flour as the carbohydrate source. Commercial pelletized sinking prawn feed with three dietary protein levels, viz., 42, 38, and 35% were chosen as experimental feeds. Results of the present study show that the water parameters were within the optimum range required in the culture of freshwater prawns. However, biofloc technology (BFT) did not influence sediment and water samples’ dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH values. On the other hand, total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and nitrate showed significant variation ( p <0.05) among treatments, with higher values in the control treatment compared to the biofloc treatments. Moreover, the dietary protein level and carbohydrate addition had no significant effect on soil pH and organic carbon except for the soil total nitrogen value, where higher values were observed in the biofloc treatments. Furthermore, significantly higher mean prawn weight gain, net prawn yield, specific growth rate (SGR), and average daily weight gain (ADG) were recorded in the biofloc treatments compared to non-biofloc treatments. At the end of the culture period, there was 100% survival in all of the tanks. On the other hand, no significant variations were observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in the control treatment compared to the treatment with biofloc except in tanks using feed of 42% CP under the biofloc system. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, the use of BFT in the culture system of M. rosenbergii , helped reduce the protein percentage from 42 to 35, while maintaining the yield.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamiyet Ö. Carbaş, Ali E. Kadak, Aygül Küçükgülmez, Osman Gülnaz, Mehmet Çelik
This study used chitosan, a biopolymer with high adsorption capacity obtained from shrimp shells, to remove Reactive Red 198 dye from water. The effects of pH, temperature, dye concentration, and particle size on adsorption were investigated. The optimum pH level for the adsorption was determined as 5. The effect of the temperature was found to be adverse, and it was observed that the adsorption capacity of chitosan decreases as the temperature increases. Considering the effect of the initial dye concentration, the adsorption values of under-size chitosan (passed through a 150-mesh sieve) and over-size chitosan (retained on a 150-mesh sieve) at 200 mg/L dye concentration were 197.38 and 196.22 mg/g, respectively. At 100 mg/L dye concentration, these values were 97.41 and 96.10 mg/g, respectively. Adhesion of the Reactive Red 198 was easier because the adsorption surface area expanded with the reduction of the particle size of the chitosan. According to the results of the study, it was seen that the isotherm model of adsorption is a suitable monolayer for the Langmuir isotherm model. Langmuir isotherm’s maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) was calculated as 500 mg/g. The kinetic model was in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The FTIR spectra of the chitosan before and after adsorption showed that the adsorption is indeed chemical. Furthermore, SEM results demonstrated that the adsorption was more efficient due to the fibrous and porous structure of the chitosan.
{"title":"Investigation of Reactive Red 198 Dye Removal by Chitosan from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Hamiyet Ö. Carbaş, Ali E. Kadak, Aygül Küçükgülmez, Osman Gülnaz, Mehmet Çelik","doi":"10.46989/001c.88510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.88510","url":null,"abstract":"This study used chitosan, a biopolymer with high adsorption capacity obtained from shrimp shells, to remove Reactive Red 198 dye from water. The effects of pH, temperature, dye concentration, and particle size on adsorption were investigated. The optimum pH level for the adsorption was determined as 5. The effect of the temperature was found to be adverse, and it was observed that the adsorption capacity of chitosan decreases as the temperature increases. Considering the effect of the initial dye concentration, the adsorption values of under-size chitosan (passed through a 150-mesh sieve) and over-size chitosan (retained on a 150-mesh sieve) at 200 mg/L dye concentration were 197.38 and 196.22 mg/g, respectively. At 100 mg/L dye concentration, these values were 97.41 and 96.10 mg/g, respectively. Adhesion of the Reactive Red 198 was easier because the adsorption surface area expanded with the reduction of the particle size of the chitosan. According to the results of the study, it was seen that the isotherm model of adsorption is a suitable monolayer for the Langmuir isotherm model. Langmuir isotherm’s maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) was calculated as 500 mg/g. The kinetic model was in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The FTIR spectra of the chitosan before and after adsorption showed that the adsorption is indeed chemical. Furthermore, SEM results demonstrated that the adsorption was more efficient due to the fibrous and porous structure of the chitosan.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136097919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, microbiological deterioration of whole sea bass stored at refrigerator temperatures (4°C) was determined through fuzzy modeling. Total Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TMAB), Total Psychrophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TPAB), Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Pseudomonas sp ., and Enterobacteriaceae counts were observed during 12 days of storage. Quality Index Method (QIM) was used for sensory analysis of the samples and shelf life was determined according to sensory deterioration. The growth of the microorganisms was statistically significant (p<0.05) at the end of the storage period. Additionally, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for QI scores after the 8 th day of the storage in whole sea bass stored under refrigerated conditions. A total of 12 rules were determined in the fuzzy logic application. Mamdani was used as the fuzzy type for fuzzy modeling, and centroid was used as the defuzzification method. Fuzzy membership values were computed using triangular membership functions. According to the research results, the shelf life of sea bass fish was determined as 8 days from the time of 12 days storage. As a result, it was observed that the sensory score could be determined by using Fuzzy logic (R 2 =0.96) according to microbiological parameters in sea bass stored in refrigerator conditions. In this context, it was concluded that Fuzzy logic could be used in shelf-life estimation in seafood products.
{"title":"Application of fuzzy model for the shelf-life determination of whole sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) under refrigerated temperatures","authors":"İsmail Y. Genç","doi":"10.46989/001c.88490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.88490","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, microbiological deterioration of whole sea bass stored at refrigerator temperatures (4°C) was determined through fuzzy modeling. Total Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TMAB), Total Psychrophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TPAB), Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Pseudomonas sp ., and Enterobacteriaceae counts were observed during 12 days of storage. Quality Index Method (QIM) was used for sensory analysis of the samples and shelf life was determined according to sensory deterioration. The growth of the microorganisms was statistically significant (p<0.05) at the end of the storage period. Additionally, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for QI scores after the 8 th day of the storage in whole sea bass stored under refrigerated conditions. A total of 12 rules were determined in the fuzzy logic application. Mamdani was used as the fuzzy type for fuzzy modeling, and centroid was used as the defuzzification method. Fuzzy membership values were computed using triangular membership functions. According to the research results, the shelf life of sea bass fish was determined as 8 days from the time of 12 days storage. As a result, it was observed that the sensory score could be determined by using Fuzzy logic (R 2 =0.96) according to microbiological parameters in sea bass stored in refrigerator conditions. In this context, it was concluded that Fuzzy logic could be used in shelf-life estimation in seafood products.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oğuz Taşbozan, Celal Erbaş, Şefik S. Tabakoğlu, Özgür Yılmaz, Alexander Atanasoff, Mahmut A. Gökçe
As fish oil availability declines worldwide and its price rises, there is a growing need to engage in scientific investigations into alternative oil sources for incorporation into fish feeds. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary sesame oil on the growth performance, feed utilization, and nutritional composition of sea bream ( Sparus aurata ). Twenty-five individual fish (initial mean weight: 32.38±0.27 g) were placed in each tank in triplicate. Four experimental fish meal-based (iso-proteic 49% and iso-lipidic 20%) diets were formulated; the control (C) group contains 100% of fish oil (FO) and varying amounts (20, 40, 60%) of sesame oil (SO). During the 75-day experiment, the fish were fed 3 times a day, and the mean ambient temperature and dissolved oxygen values were measured as 22.5±0.5°C and 6.8±0.3 mg/L, respectively. At the beginning of the experiment, 20 fish were sampled to determine their nutrient composition and somatic indexes. In the end, 4 fish were collected for the same procedures and 4 for each tank’s muscle and liver fatty acid compositions. At the end of the study, the S60 group exhibited the lowest final weight (FW) and feed utilization parameters. On the other hand, there were no statistical differences between FO, SO20, and SO40 in terms of FW. In addition, the SO40 group had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P<0.05). The whole-body lipid compositions of the groups were different. The highest lipid level was found in SO40 with 15.83±0.36%. Muscle and liver fatty acid composition was significantly affected by the fatty acid profile of experimental feeds. While total ω-6 fatty acids were higher in the SO groups than in group C, total ω-3 fatty acids were higher in the C group compared to the SO groups (P<0.05). The ω-3/ω-6 ratios in the SO20 and SO40 groups showed similarity, while the highest ratio was observed in the control group (P<0.05). As a result, according to data obtained from our study, it is predicted that 40% SO could be added to sea bream feed instead of FO in terms of growth performance, feed utilization, and nutritional composition.
{"title":"The use of sesame oil in sea bream feeds and its effects on growth and body chemical composition","authors":"Oğuz Taşbozan, Celal Erbaş, Şefik S. Tabakoğlu, Özgür Yılmaz, Alexander Atanasoff, Mahmut A. Gökçe","doi":"10.46989/001c.88386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.88386","url":null,"abstract":"As fish oil availability declines worldwide and its price rises, there is a growing need to engage in scientific investigations into alternative oil sources for incorporation into fish feeds. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary sesame oil on the growth performance, feed utilization, and nutritional composition of sea bream ( Sparus aurata ). Twenty-five individual fish (initial mean weight: 32.38±0.27 g) were placed in each tank in triplicate. Four experimental fish meal-based (iso-proteic 49% and iso-lipidic 20%) diets were formulated; the control (C) group contains 100% of fish oil (FO) and varying amounts (20, 40, 60%) of sesame oil (SO). During the 75-day experiment, the fish were fed 3 times a day, and the mean ambient temperature and dissolved oxygen values were measured as 22.5±0.5°C and 6.8±0.3 mg/L, respectively. At the beginning of the experiment, 20 fish were sampled to determine their nutrient composition and somatic indexes. In the end, 4 fish were collected for the same procedures and 4 for each tank’s muscle and liver fatty acid compositions. At the end of the study, the S60 group exhibited the lowest final weight (FW) and feed utilization parameters. On the other hand, there were no statistical differences between FO, SO20, and SO40 in terms of FW. In addition, the SO40 group had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P<0.05). The whole-body lipid compositions of the groups were different. The highest lipid level was found in SO40 with 15.83±0.36%. Muscle and liver fatty acid composition was significantly affected by the fatty acid profile of experimental feeds. While total ω-6 fatty acids were higher in the SO groups than in group C, total ω-3 fatty acids were higher in the C group compared to the SO groups (P<0.05). The ω-3/ω-6 ratios in the SO20 and SO40 groups showed similarity, while the highest ratio was observed in the control group (P<0.05). As a result, according to data obtained from our study, it is predicted that 40% SO could be added to sea bream feed instead of FO in terms of growth performance, feed utilization, and nutritional composition.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The largemouth bass (LMB) is a significant aquaculture species widely cultivated in China. High-density culture has led to an increased susceptibility of LMB to infection by the opportunistic bacterium Aeromonas. This study investigates a case of natural co-infection with the Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV), Aeromonas veronii , and Aeromonas hydrophila in Sichuan Province, China. To identify the causative agents of the infection, two bacterial strains were isolated from diseased LMB specimens and identified through 16S rRNA sequencing as Aeromonas vickert and Aeromonas hydrophila , both of which are gram-negative bacteria. The infection of LMBV was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of tissue samples from the infected fish. After two blind passes of the virus fluid, the typical cytopathological effect (CPE) can be observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus sequences showed the highest similarity with LMBV isolates (ON418985 and MW630113) from Guangdong Province, China. This study offers important insights into diagnosing mixed infections in LMB and provides a reference for future research.
{"title":"Study a natural co-infection case of Largemouth bass ranavirus, <i>Aeromonas vickert</i>, and <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>","authors":"Yankai Li, Wenyan Wei, Jianing Wu, Shuya Liu, Yonngiang Ren, Xiaoli Huang, Defang Chen, Yi Geng, Ping Ouyang","doi":"10.46989/001c.88364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.88364","url":null,"abstract":"The largemouth bass (LMB) is a significant aquaculture species widely cultivated in China. High-density culture has led to an increased susceptibility of LMB to infection by the opportunistic bacterium Aeromonas. This study investigates a case of natural co-infection with the Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV), Aeromonas veronii , and Aeromonas hydrophila in Sichuan Province, China. To identify the causative agents of the infection, two bacterial strains were isolated from diseased LMB specimens and identified through 16S rRNA sequencing as Aeromonas vickert and Aeromonas hydrophila , both of which are gram-negative bacteria. The infection of LMBV was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of tissue samples from the infected fish. After two blind passes of the virus fluid, the typical cytopathological effect (CPE) can be observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus sequences showed the highest similarity with LMBV isolates (ON418985 and MW630113) from Guangdong Province, China. This study offers important insights into diagnosing mixed infections in LMB and provides a reference for future research.","PeriodicalId":14704,"journal":{"name":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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