Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3280
C. Parwada, Hillary Marufu
To provide insights on the potential of digitalised agriculture in improving output exploring its challenges among the smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Literature on the application of digital agriculture was gathered. The research from countries with same or similar Zimbabwean agricultural conditions were then selected in this review. Notably, there are disparities in complexity and level of digitalisation between the developing and developing countries. Unlike in the developing countries, digitalised agriculture is more advanced and highly applied in developed countries. In Zimbabwe specifically, application of digitalized agriculture is skewed towards the commercial farmers than the smallholder communal farmers. The application of digital agriculture e-agriculture) has gained momentum world over in recent years but still low in Zimbabwe where it is more common to the highly literate and resource endowed farming communities than poorly resourced farmers. The digital agriculture is a useful modern technology applied in agricultural production systems in enhancing precision application of resources e.g water, fertilizers, pesticides etc increasing the technical efficiency that translates into high farm outputs (both quantity and quality). Machine Learning (ML) which is a subset of Al, developed to handle various challenges faced during the formation of knowledge-based farming systems. Therefore, digitalisation of agriculture ranges from the use of simple offline programmed production systems installed into information and communications technology (ICTs) gadgets to complex algorithms run by computers. In advanced digitalisation, algorithms are applied in different agronomic practices of crops as well as in animal husbandry.
{"title":"Digitalisation of agriculture in Zimbabwe: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"C. Parwada, Hillary Marufu","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3280","url":null,"abstract":"To provide insights on the potential of digitalised agriculture in improving output exploring its challenges among the smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Literature on the application of digital agriculture was gathered. The research from countries with same or similar Zimbabwean agricultural conditions were then selected in this review. Notably, there are disparities in complexity and level of digitalisation between the developing and developing countries. Unlike in the developing countries, digitalised agriculture is more advanced and highly applied in developed countries. In Zimbabwe specifically, application of digitalized agriculture is skewed towards the commercial farmers than the smallholder communal farmers. The application of digital agriculture e-agriculture) has gained momentum world over in recent years but still low in Zimbabwe where it is more common to the highly literate and resource endowed farming communities than poorly resourced farmers. The digital agriculture is a useful modern technology applied in agricultural production systems in enhancing precision application of resources e.g water, fertilizers, pesticides etc increasing the technical efficiency that translates into high farm outputs (both quantity and quality). Machine Learning (ML) which is a subset of Al, developed to handle various challenges faced during the formation of knowledge-based farming systems. Therefore, digitalisation of agriculture ranges from the use of simple offline programmed production systems installed into information and communications technology (ICTs) gadgets to complex algorithms run by computers. In advanced digitalisation, algorithms are applied in different agronomic practices of crops as well as in animal husbandry.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115175457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3273
M. Mukta, Md Shahin Hossin, M. Islam
Soil fertility describes the soil's capacity to support the growth of agricultural plants for predictable yields. Consequently, the present study was conducted on twenty one soil series of Bangladesh, including Sonatala, Sherpur, Ghatail, Balina, Melandaha, Tarakanda, Gorargaon, Karail, Raipur, Ruhea, Silmandi, Dhamrai, Jamun, Ishurdi, Ranisankail, Atwari, Gangachora, Pirgachha, Sulla, Birampur, and Gopalpurand to know the fertility status and its possible sustainable agricultural packages. The textural classes of the major soils were silt loam. The soils had the particle densities ranged from 1.79 to 2.50 g cm-3. The soil series from Sherpur and Gangachora had the highest particle density, while those from Karail and Gorargaon had the lowest value. Most soils reacted in a neutral to acidic manner, whereas the Ishurdi and Gopalpur series showed an alkaline response. Except Karail and Gorargaon, the organic matter status was very low to medium. The total N content of the soils ranged from 0.04 to 0.19%. The available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and available sulphur of soils ranged from 2.82 to 22.18 ppm, 0.09 to 0.26 meq/100g soil, and 2.90 to 20.30 ppm, respectively. The results revealed that the soils in the research area were very low to moderately fertile. Therefore, balance fertilizer must be applied in time in the study area. The fertilizer should be location-specific, cropping pattern-based, and based on soil testing. Beside this, a collection of management techniques have to be acknowledged and promoted to the farmer level as a package for sustainable agriculture that enhances food security.
{"title":"Soil fertility status and its possible sustainable agricultural packages in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Mukta, Md Shahin Hossin, M. Islam","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3273","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fertility describes the soil's capacity to support the growth of agricultural plants for predictable yields. Consequently, the present study was conducted on twenty one soil series of Bangladesh, including Sonatala, Sherpur, Ghatail, Balina, Melandaha, Tarakanda, Gorargaon, Karail, Raipur, Ruhea, Silmandi, Dhamrai, Jamun, Ishurdi, Ranisankail, Atwari, Gangachora, Pirgachha, Sulla, Birampur, and Gopalpurand to know the fertility status and its possible sustainable agricultural packages. The textural classes of the major soils were silt loam. The soils had the particle densities ranged from 1.79 to 2.50 g cm-3. The soil series from Sherpur and Gangachora had the highest particle density, while those from Karail and Gorargaon had the lowest value. Most soils reacted in a neutral to acidic manner, whereas the Ishurdi and Gopalpur series showed an alkaline response. Except Karail and Gorargaon, the organic matter status was very low to medium. The total N content of the soils ranged from 0.04 to 0.19%. The available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and available sulphur of soils ranged from 2.82 to 22.18 ppm, 0.09 to 0.26 meq/100g soil, and 2.90 to 20.30 ppm, respectively. The results revealed that the soils in the research area were very low to moderately fertile. Therefore, balance fertilizer must be applied in time in the study area. The fertilizer should be location-specific, cropping pattern-based, and based on soil testing. Beside this, a collection of management techniques have to be acknowledged and promoted to the farmer level as a package for sustainable agriculture that enhances food security.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128942760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3252
O. Adebola, Ogunniyi Laudia Titilola, Fanifosi Gbenga Emmanuel
Increases in food prices in Nigeria have raised huge concerns on the impact welfare of poor households who have substantial share of their spending on food. This study investigated the welfare effects (including the direct and substitution effects) of food price changes on households in Nigeria. The study employed time series data on food prices from 1991-2013 and household survey data obtained from the National household Survey (wave 2). We group household consumption expenditure on different food and non-food commodities into nine (9) namely; fish, meat, pulses, fruit & vegetable, fat & oil, beverages, wheat, rice, corn, and others. Welfare effect was analyzed by compensating variation. The results showed that a safety net program would net to transfer an amount equivalent to 0.76%, 0.26% and 1.02% of the total national consumption to fully compensate the poorest quintile in rural, urban and at the national level respectively. And also, in the richest losers’ quintile about 1.29% of the aggregate national consumption will be required by a safety net program to fully compensate them overall. The study concluded that food price changes related significantly with welfare status of the respondents as tested by CV model. Welfare gain was enjoyed mostly by urban household whose mean compensated variation was as high as 18% compared with 14% for rural household.
{"title":"Estimating the welfare effect of food price increase on households in Nigeria: Direct and substitution effect approach","authors":"O. Adebola, Ogunniyi Laudia Titilola, Fanifosi Gbenga Emmanuel","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v10i1.3252","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in food prices in Nigeria have raised huge concerns on the impact welfare of poor households who have substantial share of their spending on food. This study investigated the welfare effects (including the direct and substitution effects) of food price changes on households in Nigeria. The study employed time series data on food prices from 1991-2013 and household survey data obtained from the National household Survey (wave 2). We group household consumption expenditure on different food and non-food commodities into nine (9) namely; fish, meat, pulses, fruit & vegetable, fat & oil, beverages, wheat, rice, corn, and others. Welfare effect was analyzed by compensating variation. The results showed that a safety net program would net to transfer an amount equivalent to 0.76%, 0.26% and 1.02% of the total national consumption to fully compensate the poorest quintile in rural, urban and at the national level respectively. And also, in the richest losers’ quintile about 1.29% of the aggregate national consumption will be required by a safety net program to fully compensate them overall. The study concluded that food price changes related significantly with welfare status of the respondents as tested by CV model. Welfare gain was enjoyed mostly by urban household whose mean compensated variation was as high as 18% compared with 14% for rural household.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133044139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v9i4.3220
Clara Funny Biola, Remy Tshibingu Mukendi, A. Kalonji-Mbuyi, K. Nkongolo
An epidemiological survey was conducted, from September 2009 to January 2010 in 206 famers’ fields located across 21 cassava-growing localities of Ngandajika territory in Lomami province (central part of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), to determine distribution and status of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD). Parameters related to the identification and the evaluation of CMD (incidence, severity and gravity) and number of adult whitefly vector were assessed. CMD was present in all localities surveyed and varied according to the localities and varieties. CMD incidence was low at the INERA station (4.33%) but high in Kafumbu (74.55%). Disease severity was low at the INERA station (1.09) but high in Kafumbu (2.67). Gravity was low at the INERA station (2.99%) and elevated in Quartier Congo (67.82%). The mean of adult whitefly populations varied with sites. However, the whiteflies were more abundant in Mpunga (3.65) compared to the INERA station (1.09). Overall, 71 % of varieties showed varying degrees of sensitivity to CMD. The results of this study revealed that the health status of cassava in Ngandajika is alarming and deserves sustained intervention. Adequate and effective control methods must to be in place to reduce the inoculum levels and the speed of CMD propagation and to limit yield losses caused by this disease.
{"title":"Epidemiological Assessment of Cassava Mosaic Disease in a Savanna Region of the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Clara Funny Biola, Remy Tshibingu Mukendi, A. Kalonji-Mbuyi, K. Nkongolo","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v9i4.3220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i4.3220","url":null,"abstract":"An epidemiological survey was conducted, from September 2009 to January 2010 in 206 famers’ fields located across 21 cassava-growing localities of Ngandajika territory in Lomami province (central part of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), to determine distribution and status of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD). Parameters related to the identification and the evaluation of CMD (incidence, severity and gravity) and number of adult whitefly vector were assessed. CMD was present in all localities surveyed and varied according to the localities and varieties. CMD incidence was low at the INERA station (4.33%) but high in Kafumbu (74.55%). Disease severity was low at the INERA station (1.09) but high in Kafumbu (2.67). Gravity was low at the INERA station (2.99%) and elevated in Quartier Congo (67.82%). The mean of adult whitefly populations varied with sites. However, the whiteflies were more abundant in Mpunga (3.65) compared to the INERA station (1.09). Overall, 71 % of varieties showed varying degrees of sensitivity to CMD. The results of this study revealed that the health status of cassava in Ngandajika is alarming and deserves sustained intervention. Adequate and effective control methods must to be in place to reduce the inoculum levels and the speed of CMD propagation and to limit yield losses caused by this disease.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122021038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v9i4.3167
Arman Pourraeisi, M. Boorboori, M. Sepehri
Drought is one of the most critical environmental stresses that reduce agricultural production. This study aimed to examine the effects of individual and simultaneous inoculation of Rhizophagus intraradices, Serendipita indica, and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the physical properties of soil and the growth parameters of single cross 704 maize under three levels of drought stress (80%, 50%, and 25% available water). It was found that Rhizophagus intraradices significantly increased soil hydrophobicity at all levels of drought stress, as did Serendipita indica at the second and third levels. Pseudomonas fluorescens, on the other hand, decreased soil hydrophobicity at all drought levels. At the optimum moisture level, individual inoculations of the investigated microorganisms did not significantly affect mean weight diameter, but all studied microorganisms increased mean weight diameter as drought stress increased. Additionally, inoculating plants with Rhizophagus intraradices at all levels of drought stress significantly increased the dry and fresh weight of shoots. Nevertheless, inoculating plants with Rhizophagus intraradices and Pseudomonas fluorescens at all levels of drought stress led to a significant increase in plant shoot height. Plant shoot potassium concentrations were significantly reduced by individual inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serendipita indica under drought stress at the first and third levels. However, at all drought stress levels, inoculating plants with Rhizophagus intraradices significantly increased phosphorus concentrations in the shoots. Based on the results of this study, simultaneous insemination of maize with Rhizophagus intraradices and Serendipita indica was the most effective microorganism treatment for reducing the harmful effects of drought stress and improving soil properties.
{"title":"A Comparison of the Effects of Rhizophagus Intraradices, Serendipita Indica, and Pseudomonas Fluorescens on Soil and Zea Maize L. Properties under Drought Stress Condition","authors":"Arman Pourraeisi, M. Boorboori, M. Sepehri","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v9i4.3167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i4.3167","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the most critical environmental stresses that reduce agricultural production. This study aimed to examine the effects of individual and simultaneous inoculation of Rhizophagus intraradices, Serendipita indica, and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the physical properties of soil and the growth parameters of single cross 704 maize under three levels of drought stress (80%, 50%, and 25% available water). It was found that Rhizophagus intraradices significantly increased soil hydrophobicity at all levels of drought stress, as did Serendipita indica at the second and third levels. Pseudomonas fluorescens, on the other hand, decreased soil hydrophobicity at all drought levels. At the optimum moisture level, individual inoculations of the investigated microorganisms did not significantly affect mean weight diameter, but all studied microorganisms increased mean weight diameter as drought stress increased. Additionally, inoculating plants with Rhizophagus intraradices at all levels of drought stress significantly increased the dry and fresh weight of shoots. Nevertheless, inoculating plants with Rhizophagus intraradices and Pseudomonas fluorescens at all levels of drought stress led to a significant increase in plant shoot height. Plant shoot potassium concentrations were significantly reduced by individual inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serendipita indica under drought stress at the first and third levels. However, at all drought stress levels, inoculating plants with Rhizophagus intraradices significantly increased phosphorus concentrations in the shoots. Based on the results of this study, simultaneous insemination of maize with Rhizophagus intraradices and Serendipita indica was the most effective microorganism treatment for reducing the harmful effects of drought stress and improving soil properties.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123367389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3134
R. Hindersah, I. N. Asyiah, R. Harni, Dwi Suci Rahayu, B. Fitriatin
The attack of Pratylenchus coffeae nematode on coffee seedlings can limit coffee growth. The use of beneficial microbes as biofertilizer and bioprotectant is suggested to reduce the nematode attack on coffee seedlings and improve growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to observe the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus spp. and mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) P. diminuta and B. subtilis on coffee seedling growth and P. coffeae populations in the soil and roots. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The coffee seedlings were grown in potting soil and inoculated with Glomus spp. combined with 20 g or 30 g of MHB solid inoculant. Seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 10 weeks. The experiment verified that AMF inoculation combined with MHB did not affect the plant height, leaf number, or plant dry weight but decreased the P. coffeae population in the soil and roots of the seedlings. Inoculation of 20 g of MHB solid inoculant with AMF was more effective in reducing nematode population in soil and roots than 30 g of MHB. This experiment verified that Glomus spp., as well as P. diminuta and B. subtilis enable the control of P. coffeae in coffee seedlings.
咖啡密叶线虫对咖啡幼苗的侵袭会限制咖啡的生长。建议使用有益微生物作为生物肥料和生物保护剂，以减少线虫对咖啡幼苗的侵害，促进其生长。通过温室试验，研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF) Glomus spp.和菌根辅助菌(MHB) P. diminuta和B. subtilis对咖啡幼苗生长和土壤和根系中咖啡P.种群的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，5个处理，3个重复。在盆栽土壤中培养咖啡幼苗，接种球囊菌(Glomus spp.)和20 g或30 g MHB固体接种剂。幼苗在温室中生长了10周。试验证实，AMF与MHB联合接种对咖啡P. coffee株高、叶数和植株干重没有影响，但降低了咖啡P. coffee幼苗土壤和根系的种群数量。用AMF接种20 g MHB固体接种剂比30 g MHB更有效地减少土壤和根系中的线虫数量。本实验验证了Glomus spp、P. diminuta和B. subtilis对咖啡P. coffee的控制作用。
{"title":"Reducing Pratylenchus Population in Coffee Seedling with Mycorrhizal Fungi and Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria","authors":"R. Hindersah, I. N. Asyiah, R. Harni, Dwi Suci Rahayu, B. Fitriatin","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3134","url":null,"abstract":"The attack of Pratylenchus coffeae nematode on coffee seedlings can limit coffee growth. The use of beneficial microbes as biofertilizer and bioprotectant is suggested to reduce the nematode attack on coffee seedlings and improve growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to observe the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus spp. and mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) P. diminuta and B. subtilis on coffee seedling growth and P. coffeae populations in the soil and roots. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The coffee seedlings were grown in potting soil and inoculated with Glomus spp. combined with 20 g or 30 g of MHB solid inoculant. Seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 10 weeks. The experiment verified that AMF inoculation combined with MHB did not affect the plant height, leaf number, or plant dry weight but decreased the P. coffeae population in the soil and roots of the seedlings. Inoculation of 20 g of MHB solid inoculant with AMF was more effective in reducing nematode population in soil and roots than 30 g of MHB. This experiment verified that Glomus spp., as well as P. diminuta and B. subtilis enable the control of P. coffeae in coffee seedlings.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115943249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3093
B. Fitriatin, R. Hindersah, I. N. Asyiah, Dwi Suci Rahayu
Pests and diseases cause significant yield losses in coffee cultivation in Indonesia. In particular, Pratylenchus coffeae is the most common nematode in Indonesia known to harm coffee plants. In dealing with the threat of P. coffeae, mycorrhiza is used as a biological agent to increase the growth of coffee plants as well as control the nematode. This experiment was conducted to determine the formulation of biological agents in the form of mycorrhizae enriched with mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) to control nematodes and increase the growth of coffee seedlings and soil P-availability. The mycorrhizae used in this experiment were Glomus spp., while the liquid MHB formula used Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis. The randomized block design was used with treatments consisting of control (without biological agents); inoculation of P. coffeae; Glomus + P coffeae; Glomus + MHB 108+ P coffeae; Glomus + MHB 109+ P coffeae. Observations were made on the growth of coffee seedlings and the nematode population of P. coffeae 10 weeks after administered treatments. Results revealed that inoculation of biological agents Glomus spp. + the liquid MHB formula increased the growth of coffee seedlings, soil P-availability, and reduced the population of P. coffeae. The best treatment was Glomus spp. + MHB 108 which can reduce the population of P. coffeae by 65%.
{"title":"Influence of Biological Agents in Controlling Nematodes and Improving Growth of Coffee Seedling and Soil P-Availability","authors":"B. Fitriatin, R. Hindersah, I. N. Asyiah, Dwi Suci Rahayu","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3093","url":null,"abstract":"Pests and diseases cause significant yield losses in coffee cultivation in Indonesia. In particular, Pratylenchus coffeae is the most common nematode in Indonesia known to harm coffee plants. In dealing with the threat of P. coffeae, mycorrhiza is used as a biological agent to increase the growth of coffee plants as well as control the nematode. This experiment was conducted to determine the formulation of biological agents in the form of mycorrhizae enriched with mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) to control nematodes and increase the growth of coffee seedlings and soil P-availability. The mycorrhizae used in this experiment were Glomus spp., while the liquid MHB formula used Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis. The randomized block design was used with treatments consisting of control (without biological agents); inoculation of P. coffeae; Glomus + P coffeae; Glomus + MHB 108+ P coffeae; Glomus + MHB 109+ P coffeae. Observations were made on the growth of coffee seedlings and the nematode population of P. coffeae 10 weeks after administered treatments. Results revealed that inoculation of biological agents Glomus spp. + the liquid MHB formula increased the growth of coffee seedlings, soil P-availability, and reduced the population of P. coffeae. The best treatment was Glomus spp. + MHB 108 which can reduce the population of P. coffeae by 65%.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115091321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3089
Adeola Adefisayo Babatunde, S. Yusuf, B. Omonona, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi
High-Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) as one of the value added products of cassava has the potential to revolutionizing the Nigeria cassava sector. Profitability of the actors in the production of HQCF in South-western Nigeria is therefore the subject of this study. A four multistage sampling technique was used to investigate the working efficiencies and practices of cassava farmers. Mapping surveys for all the areas of production and marketing of HQCF were produced. A total of 381 valid actors (311 cassava producers, 18 processors and 26 marketers) were used. The resulting data was were analysed using descriptive statistics and profitability analysis. Age, household size, and farming experience of the HQCF actors were; 48.3±8.46, 47.6±8.08, 44.1±6.79 years, 6.91±2.15, 5.26±1.03, 7.08±2.47 members, and 21.7±10.81, 8.4±2.11, 10±1.38 years, respectively. Profitability indicators were gross margin and net farm income. The HQCF actors were; ₦849,361.17 and ₦828,499.28/ha/year for cassava farmers. ₦46,028,307.98 and ₦43,761,365.97 for HQCF processors. Marketing margin was ₦8,249.88/year for HQCF marketers. Profitability Index (PI) for the actors were 0.98 and 0.35 cassava farmers and HQCF processors respectively.
{"title":"Profitability Analysis among Actors of High-Quality Cassava Flour in South West Nigeria","authors":"Adeola Adefisayo Babatunde, S. Yusuf, B. Omonona, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3089","url":null,"abstract":"High-Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) as one of the value added products of cassava has the potential to revolutionizing the Nigeria cassava sector. Profitability of the actors in the production of HQCF in South-western Nigeria is therefore the subject of this study. A four multistage sampling technique was used to investigate the working efficiencies and practices of cassava farmers. Mapping surveys for all the areas of production and marketing of HQCF were produced. A total of 381 valid actors (311 cassava producers, 18 processors and 26 marketers) were used. The resulting data was were analysed using descriptive statistics and profitability analysis. Age, household size, and farming experience of the HQCF actors were; 48.3±8.46, 47.6±8.08, 44.1±6.79 years, 6.91±2.15, 5.26±1.03, 7.08±2.47 members, and 21.7±10.81, 8.4±2.11, 10±1.38 years, respectively. Profitability indicators were gross margin and net farm income. The HQCF actors were; ₦849,361.17 and ₦828,499.28/ha/year for cassava farmers. ₦46,028,307.98 and ₦43,761,365.97 for HQCF processors. Marketing margin was ₦8,249.88/year for HQCF marketers. Profitability Index (PI) for the actors were 0.98 and 0.35 cassava farmers and HQCF processors respectively.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132391722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3084
Sushanta Kumar Tarafder, M. Biswas, A. Mondal
This study was conducted at the farmer’s field of Jashore Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh during the Rabi seasons of 2020-2021 to evaluate pre-harvest foliar application effects of mineral nutrients on yield, quality and shelf life of broccoli. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), including three replications and seven treatments for field study which were: T1=control, T2=Ca@o.30%, T3=B@o.30%), T4= Zn@o.30%, T5=Mo@o.30%, T6=Mn@o.30%, and T7= (Ca+B+Zn+Mo+Mn)@o.30%. In order to determine the shelf life of broccoli, a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was conducted with three replications considering three factors; (i) pre-harvest foliar application of mineral nutrient sources; (ii) room temperature along with storage materials, and (iii) cold storage along with storage materials that were used accordingly. Findings revealed that the effects of pre-harvest foliar application of mineral nutrients had a significant influence on the yield, post-harvest quality, and shelf life of broccoli. The treatment T7 (Ca+B+Zn+Mo+Mn)@o.30% produced significantly in all respects of yield contributing attributes denoting curd length, diameter, and marketable curd yield of broccoli. The same treatment effectively increased post-harvest quality attributes such as color, compactness, texture, dry matter, fats, carbohydrates, energy, vitamin C, antioxidants, and phenols content in the curd. In addition, the treatment also recorded the highest shelf life of 7.25 days at room temperature (14-240c with RH 60-65%) and 24.33 days at cold storage (40c with RH 90-95%) conditions within a High-Density Polyethylene (HDP; 15 micron) Vacuum pack.
{"title":"Pre-Harvest Foliar Application Effects of Mineral Nutrients on Yield, Quality and Shelf Life of Broccoli","authors":"Sushanta Kumar Tarafder, M. Biswas, A. Mondal","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i3.3084","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at the farmer’s field of Jashore Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh during the Rabi seasons of 2020-2021 to evaluate pre-harvest foliar application effects of mineral nutrients on yield, quality and shelf life of broccoli. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), including three replications and seven treatments for field study which were: T1=control, T2=Ca@o.30%, T3=B@o.30%), T4= Zn@o.30%, T5=Mo@o.30%, T6=Mn@o.30%, and T7= (Ca+B+Zn+Mo+Mn)@o.30%. In order to determine the shelf life of broccoli, a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was conducted with three replications considering three factors; (i) pre-harvest foliar application of mineral nutrient sources; (ii) room temperature along with storage materials, and (iii) cold storage along with storage materials that were used accordingly. Findings revealed that the effects of pre-harvest foliar application of mineral nutrients had a significant influence on the yield, post-harvest quality, and shelf life of broccoli. The treatment T7 (Ca+B+Zn+Mo+Mn)@o.30% produced significantly in all respects of yield contributing attributes denoting curd length, diameter, and marketable curd yield of broccoli. The same treatment effectively increased post-harvest quality attributes such as color, compactness, texture, dry matter, fats, carbohydrates, energy, vitamin C, antioxidants, and phenols content in the curd. In addition, the treatment also recorded the highest shelf life of 7.25 days at room temperature (14-240c with RH 60-65%) and 24.33 days at cold storage (40c with RH 90-95%) conditions within a High-Density Polyethylene (HDP; 15 micron) Vacuum pack.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123101608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.18488/ijsar.v9i2.3021
V. Hudzenko, T. Polishchuk, Anna A Lysenko
The breeding and genetic peculiarities for kernel weight per plant in spring barley varieties of different origin (Ukraine, Western European countries, and Canada), purposes of usage (forage, malting, food) and botanical varieties (covered and naked, awned and awnless) under conditions of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe were revealed. In the diallel crossing scheme with only elite malting barley varieties accordance with the additive-dominant system and overdominance in loci were found. The manifestation of kernel weight per plant was reliably increased by the dominant effects. Accordingly to the indicator of the degree of phenotypic dominance, parameters of genetic variation, graphical regression analysis, effects of GCA and constants of SCA in the hybrid populations will be effective final selection for high kernel weight per plant in later generations, when dominant alleles become homozygous. When different botanical varieties were involved in crosses much more complex gene action for the trait manifestation with strong epistasis and multidirectional dominance were determined. Thus, it is theoretically possible to select plants with high productivity on recessive or dominant basis. The negative aspect is that it will require further extensive evaluation of the splitting generations. Awned spring barley varieties Datcha and MIP Myroslav, as well as awnless variety Kozyr can be used as an effective genetic source for involvement in crossings aimed to improving the kernel weight per plant. Naked spring barley varieties require more breeding improvement in plant productivity compare to covered ones.
{"title":"Gene Action for Kernel Weight Per Plant in Spring Barley","authors":"V. Hudzenko, T. Polishchuk, Anna A Lysenko","doi":"10.18488/ijsar.v9i2.3021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i2.3021","url":null,"abstract":"The breeding and genetic peculiarities for kernel weight per plant in spring barley varieties of different origin (Ukraine, Western European countries, and Canada), purposes of usage (forage, malting, food) and botanical varieties (covered and naked, awned and awnless) under conditions of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe were revealed. In the diallel crossing scheme with only elite malting barley varieties accordance with the additive-dominant system and overdominance in loci were found. The manifestation of kernel weight per plant was reliably increased by the dominant effects. Accordingly to the indicator of the degree of phenotypic dominance, parameters of genetic variation, graphical regression analysis, effects of GCA and constants of SCA in the hybrid populations will be effective final selection for high kernel weight per plant in later generations, when dominant alleles become homozygous. When different botanical varieties were involved in crosses much more complex gene action for the trait manifestation with strong epistasis and multidirectional dominance were determined. Thus, it is theoretically possible to select plants with high productivity on recessive or dominant basis. The negative aspect is that it will require further extensive evaluation of the splitting generations. Awned spring barley varieties Datcha and MIP Myroslav, as well as awnless variety Kozyr can be used as an effective genetic source for involvement in crossings aimed to improving the kernel weight per plant. Naked spring barley varieties require more breeding improvement in plant productivity compare to covered ones.","PeriodicalId":147153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129812238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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