Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia : 'orgao oficial de Sociedades Brasileira e Latino-Americana de Nefrologia最新文献

Introduction: Glomerular diseases can be associated with solid or hematopoietic malignancies. The prevalence of these associations varies according to the studied glomerular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of neoplasms in patients with glomerular diseases as well as their clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features and the relationship with immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational, longitudinal study that reviewed 4,820 medical records and included 95 patients with glomerular disease and neoplasms. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histologic data were collected.

Results: The prevalence of neoplasms was 1.97% (95 patients; 81 [85.3%] malignant, 14 [14.7%] benign). Hematologic malignancies (35.8%) showed the highest prevalence, followed by colon, rectal, and gynecologic tumors. The glomerulopathy with the highest frequency was membranous glomerulopathy (MGN, 25 patients, 35.7%). The dose of the immunosuppressive agents among patients with neoplasms before or after immunosuppression was not statistically different. Neoplasm was diagnosed before glomerulopathy in 53% of patients. Among cases in which neoplasms were diagnosed after glomerulopathy, 43% were diagnosed in the first year of follow-up of the renal disease. The predominant syndrome at presentation was nephrotic syndrome. Progression to chronic kidney disease stage 5 at the end of follow-up occurred in 8.4% of the cases.

Conclusions: Neoplasms manifested before or, less frequently, after the diagnosis of glomerular diseases. As neoplasms diagnosed after presentation of glomerulopathy often appeared early after this diagnosis, it is necessary to be aware of neoplasms during the first year of follow-up of glomerulopathies, especially in patients with nephrotic syndrome, and MGN.

Introduction: The malnutrition-inflammation process is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), influencing quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the inflammatory and nutritional status of elderly hemodialysis (HD) and its association with quality of life.

Methods: This study was carried out in health services in three different cities. The Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) was used to assess the inflammatory and nutritional status, with anthropometric measurements, protein status, lean mass and function. The quality of life was assessed using KDQOL-SFTM. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis and the Poisson model to evaluate the factors that increased the risk of developing malnutrition and inflammation.

Results: The MIS identified a 52.2% prevalence of malnutrition and inflammation in the population. In univariate analysis, most KDQOL-SFTM domains presented higher scores for nourished elderly. Anthropometric measures associated with muscle mass and functionality were lower in the malnourished elderly. Multivariate modeling revealed a higher nutritional risk of 50.6% for women and older age, since with each additional year of life the risk of malnutrition increased by 2.4% and by 0.4% with each additional month on HD. Greater arm muscle circumference (AMC) and higher serum albumin were factors for reducing malnutrition by 4.6% and 34.7%, respectively.

Conclusion: Higher serum albumin and preserved AMC have been shown to be good indicators of better nutritional status. Higher MIS was associated with poorer quality of life, older age, lower income and education, longer time on dialysis, and presence of comorbidities.

GLP1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are drugs that mimic the effects of the incretin hormone GLP1 and were initially introduced in medicine for the treatment of diabetes in 2005 and for obesity in 2014. Over time, data from secondary and exploratory objectives of large randomized controlled-trials suggested that GLP1-RAs could also exert renal action by slowing the progression of kidney disease in patients with and without diabetes. Based on this rationale, the Flow study (1 mg semaglutide vs placebo) was designed and recruitment began in 2019 until May 2021. The recently published results confirmed the effect of semaglutide in reducing the composite renal outcome. However, similar to SGLT2 inhibitors, the potential mechanisms behind the renal effects of GLP1-RAs still need to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to address the different physiological mechanisms of GLP1-RAs at the renal level, using evidence from experimental studies and current scientific literature.