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Hemodiafiltration: a synergy yet to be convincing. 血液透析滤过:协同作用尚待证实。
IF 1.3 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2024-PO02en
Brammah Rajarajeswaran Thangarajah

The desperate attempt to improve mortality, morbidity, quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in patients on hemodialysis has led to multiple attempts to improve the different modes, frequencies, and durations of dialysis sessions in the last few decades. Nothing has been more appealing than the combination of diffusion and convection in the form of hemodiafiltration. Despite the concrete evidence of better clearance of middle weight molecules and better hemodynamic stability, tangible evidence to support the universal adoption is still at a distance. Survival benefits seen in selected groups who are likely to tolerate hemodiafiltration with better vascular access and with lower comorbid burden, need to be extended to real life dialysis patients who are older than the population studied and have significantly higher comorbid burden. Technical demands of initiation hemodiafiltration, the associated costs, and the incremental benefits targeted, along with patient-reported outcomes, need to be explored further before recommending hemodiafiltration as the mode of choice.

在过去的几十年里,为了改善血液透析患者的死亡率、发病率、生活质量和患者报告结果,人们不遗余力地尝试改进不同的透析模式、频率和持续时间。最吸引人的莫过于以血液透析滤过的形式将扩散和对流结合起来。尽管有具体证据表明,血液透析能更好地清除中等重量的分子并提高血液动力学的稳定性,但支持普遍采用血液透析的切实证据仍然遥遥无期。在选定的人群中,血液透析患者的血管通路更通畅,合并症负担更轻,他们有可能耐受血液透析,但在实际生活中,血液透析患者的年龄比所研究的人群更大,合并症负担更重,因此,需要将血液透析的生存益处推广到他们身上。在建议将血液透析作为首选模式之前,还需要进一步探讨启动血液透析的技术要求、相关成本、目标增量效益以及患者报告的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding of the role of serum creatinine in a subset of the Brazilian population. 了解血清肌酐在巴西部分人群中的作用。
IF 1.3 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0117en
Bruno Pellozo Cerqueira, Júlia Ferreira Rocha, Rafaela Francisquetti Barnes, Pedro Henrique Moretti Pepato, Thays Sellan Paim, Francisco De Nardi, Fabrício Akira Hsu, Juliana Miki Oguma, Leticia Miyuki Ito, Enio Yasuhiro Arimatsu Policarpo da Silva, Alexandre Vizzuso-Oliveira, Fernando Diniz Dos Santos Filho, João Vitor Bozza Maia, Juan Diego Zambrano Mendez, Beatrice Borges Sato, Roberto Matias Souza, Andre Kiyoshi Miyahara, Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is usually asymptomatic, and its diagnosis depends on laboratory tests, with emphasis on serum creatinine and proteinuria.

Objective: To assess knowledge on the role of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function in a sample of the Brazilian population.

Method: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in São Paulo (SP, Brazil), in which a random adult population was interviewed.

Results: A total of 1138 subjects were interviewed, with a median age of 36 years old (27-52); 55.1% were female. Regarding the "creatinine" biomarker, 40.6% stated they had never performed such a test. When asked about their knowledge on the usefulness of this exam, only 19.6% knew its function. The other responses were "I don't know" (71.6%), evaluating heart function (0.9%) and liver function (7.8%). Of those who reported they had already taken a creatinine test, only 29.4% correctly identified the role of creatinine. When dividing the groups into "knows" and "does not know" the function of creatinine, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed regarding level of education, female sex, being a healthcare student/worker, having ever measured creatinine, knowing someone with kidney disease and older age. In the multivariate analysis, the main variable related to knowing the creatinine role was having previously taken the test (OR 5.16; 95% CI 3.16-8.43, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: There is a significant lack of knowledge about creatinine and its use in checkups. The results indicate that greater efforts are needed from healthcare professionals to raise awareness on the role of serum creatinine.

导言慢性肾病通常没有症状,其诊断依赖于实验室检查,重点是血清肌酐和蛋白尿:评估巴西人口样本中对血清肌酐作为肾功能生物标志物作用的认识:方法:在圣保罗(巴西)进行横断面观察研究,随机采访成年人口:结果:共访问了 1138 名受访者,中位年龄为 36 岁(27-52 岁);55.1% 为女性。关于 "肌酐 "生物标志物,40.6%的受访者表示从未做过此类检测。当被问及对这项检查的有用性的了解时,只有 19.6% 的人知道它的功能。其他的回答是 "不知道"(71.6%)、评估心脏功能(0.9%)和肝功能(7.8%)。在表示已经进行过肌酐测试的人中,只有 29.4% 正确地指出了肌酐的作用。当把人群分为 "知道 "和 "不知道 "肌酐的作用时,在教育水平、女性性别、医学生/工作者、曾经测量过肌酐、认识肾病患者和年龄方面发现了显著的统计学差异(P < 0.05)。在多变量分析中,与了解肌酐作用有关的主要变量是曾经进行过肌酐测试(OR 5.16;95% CI 3.16-8.43,P < 0.001):人们对肌酐及其在体检中的应用严重缺乏了解。结果表明,医护人员需要加大力度提高对血清肌酐作用的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism: an increasing problem in CKD but the best management option is still unknown. 严重的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症:在慢性肾脏病患者中是一个日益严重的问题,但最佳治疗方案仍不得而知。
IF 1.3 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2024-E004en
Mark Kung Dah Tiong, Nigel David Toussaint
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引用次数: 0
Sodium-glucose cotranspor ter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in nephrolithiasis: should we "gliflozin" patients with kidney stone disease? 钠-葡萄糖共转移酶 2 (SGLT2) 抑制剂在肾结石中的应用:我们是否应该为肾结石患者 "格列氯嗪"?
IF 1.2 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0146en
Mauricio de Carvalho, Ita Pfeferman Heilberg

The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of lithiasis, few studies have demonstrated that specific clinical interventions reduce the recurrence of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this review is to analyze the current data and potential effects of iSGLT2 in lithogenesis and try to answer the question: Should we also "gliflozin" our patients with kidney stone disease?

肾结石的发病率在全球范围内不断上升。尽管人们对肾结石发病机制的认识有所进步,但很少有研究表明特定的临床干预措施能减少肾结石的复发。本综述旨在分析 iSGLT2 在碎石发病机制中的现有数据和潜在作用,并尝试回答这一问题:我们是否也应该对肾结石患者进行 "格列酮嗪 "治疗?
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引用次数: 0
Dietitians' practices in dialysis units in Brazil: nutritional assessment and intervention. 巴西透析室营养师的实践:营养评估和干预。
IF 1.2 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0092en
Fabiana Baggio Nerbass, Aline de Araujo Antunes, Lilian Cuppari

Introduction: The importance of dietitians in dialysis units is indisputable and mandatory in Brazil, but little is known about the practices adopted by these professionals.

Objective: To know practices adopted in routine nutritional care, focusing on nutritional assessment tools and treatment strategies for people at risk or diagnosed with malnutrition.

Methodology: Electronic questionnaire disseminated on social media and messaging applications. It included questions that covered dietitians' demographic and occupational profile characteristics and of the dialysis unit, use and frequency of nutritional assessment tools, nutritional intervention strategies in cases of risk or diagnosis of malnutrition, prescription and access to oral supplements.

Results: Twenty four percent of the Brazilian dialysis units (n = 207) responded electronically. The most used nutritional assessment tools with or without a pre-established frequency were dietary surveys (96%) and Subjective Global Assessment (83%). The strategies in cases of risk or presence of malnutrition used most frequently (almost always/always) were instructions to increase energy and protein intake from foods (97%), and increasing the frequency of visits (88%). The frequency of prescribing commercial supplements with standard and specialized formulas was quite similar. The availability of dietary supplements by the public healthcare system to patients varied between regions.

Conclusion: Most dietitians use various nutritional assessment tools and intervention strategies in cases of risk or malnutrition; however, the frequency of use of such tools and strategies varied substantially.

简介:在巴西,透析室营养师的重要性毋庸置疑,而且是强制性的,但人们对这些专业人员所采取的做法却知之甚少:了解常规营养护理中采用的方法,重点是营养评估工具和针对高危人群或确诊为营养不良人群的治疗策略:通过社交媒体和信息应用程序发布电子问卷。其中的问题包括营养师的人口和职业概况特征、透析单位、营养评估工具的使用情况和频率、有营养不良风险或诊断出营养不良时的营养干预策略、口服营养补充剂的处方和获取途径:24%的巴西透析单位(n = 207)通过电子方式进行了回复。无论是否预先确定频率,使用最多的营养评估工具是膳食调查(96%)和主观全面评估(83%)。在有营养不良风险或存在营养不良的情况下,使用频率最高(几乎总是/总是)的策略是指导患者从食物中增加能量和蛋白质的摄入(97%),以及增加就诊频率(88%)。开具标准配方和专用配方的商业补充剂的频率相当接近。不同地区的公共医疗系统向患者提供膳食补充剂的情况各不相同:大多数营养师在出现营养风险或营养不良的情况下会使用各种营养评估工具和干预策略;但是,使用这些工具和策略的频率存在很大差异。
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引用次数: 0
Risk factors for lower renal compensation after nephrectomy: an analysis of living kidney donors in an Amazonian cohort. 肾切除术后肾脏代偿能力降低的风险因素:对亚马逊群组中活体肾脏捐献者的分析。
IF 1.2 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0134en
Luan Moraes Ferreira, Gisela Gomes Batista, Leoneide Érica Maduro Bouillet, Emanuel Pinheiro Esposito

Introduction: Living donor kidney transplantation is considered the ideal renal replacement therapy because it has a lower complication rate and allows an efficient response to the high demand for grafts in the healthcare system. Careful selection and adequate monitoring of donors is a key element in transplantation. Individuals at greater risk of developing kidney dysfunction after nephrectomy must be identified.

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with a renal compensation rate (CR) below 70% 12 months after nephrectomy.

Methods: This observational retrospective longitudinal study included living kidney donors followed up at the Lower Amazon Regional Hospital between 2016 and 2022. Data related to sociodemographic variables, comorbid conditions and kidney function parameters were collected.

Results: The study enrolled 32 patients. Fourteen (43.75%) had a CR < 70% 12 months after kidney donation. Logistic regression found obesity (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 10.6 [1.7-65.2]), albuminuria (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 2.41 [1.2-4.84]) and proteinuria (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 1.14 [1.03-1.25]) as risk factors. Glomerular filtration rate was a protective factor (Odds Ratio [95% CI]: 0.92 [0.85-0.99]).

Conclusion: Obesity, albuminuria and proteinuria adversely affected short-term renal compensation rate. Further studies are needed to uncover the prognostic implications tied to these risk factors. Our findings also supported the need for careful individualized assessment of potential donors and closer monitoring of individuals at higher risk.

简介活体肾移植被认为是最理想的肾脏替代疗法,因为它的并发症发生率较低,而且可以有效地满足医疗系统对移植肾的大量需求。谨慎选择和充分监测供体是移植的关键因素。必须识别肾切除术后出现肾功能障碍风险较大的个体:确定肾切除术后 12 个月肾代偿率 (CR) 低于 70% 的相关风险因素:这项观察性回顾纵向研究纳入了2016年至2022年期间在亚马逊河下游地区医院随访的活体肾脏捐献者。研究收集了与社会人口学变量、合并症和肾功能参数相关的数据:研究共纳入 32 名患者。14人(43.75%)在肾脏捐献12个月后CR<70%。逻辑回归发现肥胖(Odds Ratio [95%CI]:10.6 [1.7-65.2])、白蛋白尿(Odds Ratio [95%CI]:2.41 [1.2-4.84])和蛋白尿(Odds Ratio [95%CI]:1.14 [1.03-1.25])是风险因素。肾小球滤过率是一个保护性因素(Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 0.92 [0.85-0.99]):结论:肥胖、白蛋白尿和蛋白尿对短期肾脏代偿率有不利影响。结论:肥胖、白蛋白尿和蛋白尿对短期肾脏代偿率有不利影响,需要进一步研究以揭示这些风险因素对预后的影响。我们的研究结果还表明,有必要对潜在捐献者进行仔细的个体化评估,并对高风险人群进行更密切的监测。
{"title":"Risk factors for lower renal compensation after nephrectomy: an analysis of living kidney donors in an Amazonian cohort.","authors":"Luan Moraes Ferreira, Gisela Gomes Batista, Leoneide Érica Maduro Bouillet, Emanuel Pinheiro Esposito","doi":"10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0134en","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0134en","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Living donor kidney transplantation is considered the ideal renal replacement therapy because it has a lower complication rate and allows an efficient response to the high demand for grafts in the healthcare system. Careful selection and adequate monitoring of donors is a key element in transplantation. Individuals at greater risk of developing kidney dysfunction after nephrectomy must be identified.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify risk factors associated with a renal compensation rate (CR) below 70% 12 months after nephrectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational retrospective longitudinal study included living kidney donors followed up at the Lower Amazon Regional Hospital between 2016 and 2022. Data related to sociodemographic variables, comorbid conditions and kidney function parameters were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 32 patients. Fourteen (43.75%) had a CR < 70% 12 months after kidney donation. Logistic regression found obesity (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 10.6 [1.7-65.2]), albuminuria (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 2.41 [1.2-4.84]) and proteinuria (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 1.14 [1.03-1.25]) as risk factors. Glomerular filtration rate was a protective factor (Odds Ratio [95% CI]: 0.92 [0.85-0.99]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obesity, albuminuria and proteinuria adversely affected short-term renal compensation rate. Further studies are needed to uncover the prognostic implications tied to these risk factors. Our findings also supported the need for careful individualized assessment of potential donors and closer monitoring of individuals at higher risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14724,"journal":{"name":"Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia : 'orgao oficial de Sociedades Brasileira e Latino-Americana de Nefrologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crystals unveiled: looking at urine can be quite useful. 揭开晶体的面纱:观察尿液是非常有用的。
IF 1.2 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0160en
Filipa Ferreira, Núria Paulo, Altin Ndrio
{"title":"Crystals unveiled: looking at urine can be quite useful.","authors":"Filipa Ferreira, Núria Paulo, Altin Ndrio","doi":"10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0160en","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0160en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14724,"journal":{"name":"Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia : 'orgao oficial de Sociedades Brasileira e Latino-Americana de Nefrologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oxalate nephropathy and chronic turmeric supplementation: a case report. 草酸盐肾病与长期服用姜黄补充剂:一份病例报告。
IF 1.2 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0079en
Onica Washington, Emily Robinson, Deetu Simh, Hemant Magoo, Ashish Verma, Helmut Rennke, Reza Zonozi

We present a case of a 69-year-old man who presented for routine check-up and was incidentally found to have kidney failure with an initially unrevealing history and bland urinary sediment. He was diagnosed with oxalate nephropathy in the setting of chronic turmeric supplementation and chronic antibiotic therapy with associated diarrhea. Our case provides several key insights into oxalate nephropathy. First, the diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion. It is uncommonly suspected clinically unless there is an obvious clue in the history such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or ethylene glycol poisoning. Diagnosis can be confirmed by histopathologic findings and corroborated by serum levels of oxalate and 24-hour urinary excretion. Second, the diagnosis can often be missed by the pathologist because of the characteristics of the crystals unless the renal pathologist has made it a rule to examine routinely all H&E sections under polarized light. This must be done on H&E, as the other stains dissolve the crystals. Third, one oxalate crystal in a routine needle biopsy is considered pathologic and potentially contributing to the AKI or to the CKD in an important way. Fourth, secondary oxalosis can be largely mitigated or prevented in many cases, especially iatrogenic cases. This can come through the surgeon or the gastroenterologist providing proper instructions to patients on an oxalate-restricted diet or other specific dietary measures. Lastly, this case highlights the success that results from cooperation and communication between the pathologist and the treating physician.

我们介绍了一例 69 岁的男性病例,他在接受常规体检时偶然发现患有肾衰竭,起初病史并不明显,尿沉渣也很清淡。在长期服用姜黄补充剂和长期抗生素治疗并伴有腹泻的情况下,他被诊断为草酸盐肾病。我们的病例为草酸盐肾病提供了几个重要的启示。首先,诊断需要高度的临床怀疑。除非病史中有明显的线索,如 Roux-en-Y 胃旁路术或乙二醇中毒,否则临床上很少怀疑草酸盐肾病。组织病理学检查结果可确诊该病,血清草酸盐水平和 24 小时尿液排泄量也可佐证诊断。其次,由于结晶的特性,病理学家经常会漏诊,除非肾脏病理学家规定在偏振光下常规检查所有 H&E 切片。这必须在 H&E 下进行,因为其他染色会溶解晶体。第三,常规针刺活检中的一个草酸盐晶体就被认为是病理性的,有可能是导致 AKI 或 CKD 的重要原因。第四,在很多情况下,尤其是先天性病例中,继发性草酸盐中毒在很大程度上是可以减轻或预防的。这可以通过外科医生或胃肠病学家向患者提供适当的草酸盐限制饮食指导或其他特定的饮食措施来实现。最后,本病例强调了病理学家和主治医生之间的合作与沟通所带来的成功。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of octreotide on oxidative stress in the erythrocyte and kidney tissue in adriamycin-induced experimental nephrotic syndrome model. 奥曲肽对阿霉素诱导的实验性肾病综合征模型中红细胞和肾组织氧化应激的影响
IF 1.2 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2022-0180en
Sibel Cavdar, Alev Garip Acar, Asuman Camyar, Ender Hür, Eser Yıldırım Sozmen, Sait Sen, Melih Ozısık, Yasemin Delen Akcay, Elif Duman, Sena Gönen, Fehmi Akcicek, Soner Duman

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the reasons of end-stage kidney disease, and elucidating the pathogenesis and offer new treatment options is important. Oxidative stress might trigger pathogenesis systemically or isolated in the kidneys. Octreotide (OCT) has beneficial antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate the source of oxidative stress and the effect of OCT on experimental NS model.

Methods: Twenty-four non-uremic Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups. Control group, 2 mL saline intramuscular (im); NS group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg intravenous (iv); NS treatment group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg (iv) and OCT 200 mcg/kg (im) were administered at baseline (Day 0). At the end of 21 days, creatinine and protein levels were measured in 24-hour urine samples. Erythrocyte and renal catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were measured. Renal histology was also evaluated.

Results: There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of CAT and TBARS in erythrocytes. Renal CAT level was lowest in NS group, and significantly lower than the control group. In treatment group, CAT level significantly increased compared with NS group. In terms of renal histology, tubular and interstitial evaluations were similar in all groups. Glomerular score was significantly higher in NS group compared with control group and it was significantly decreased in treatment group compared to NS group.

Conclusions: Oxidative stress in NS might be due to the decrease in antioxidant protection mechanism in kidney. Octreotide improves antioxidant levels and histology in renal tissue and might be a treatment option.

导言:肾病综合征(NS)是导致终末期肾病的原因之一,阐明其发病机制并提供新的治疗方案非常重要。氧化应激可能引发全身或肾脏的发病。奥曲肽具有有益的抗氧化作用。我们旨在研究氧化应激的来源以及OCT对实验性NS模型的影响:方法:24 只非尿毒症 Wistar 白化大鼠分为 3 组。对照组:2 mL生理盐水肌肉注射;NS组:阿霉素5 mg/kg静脉注射;NS治疗组:阿霉素5 mg/kg静脉注射和OCT 200 mcg/kg肌肉注射。21 天结束时,测量 24 小时尿样中的肌酐和蛋白质水平。测量红细胞和肾脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和硫代巴比妥酸活性物质(TBARS)。还对肾组织学进行了评估:结果:3 组红细胞中的 CAT 和 TBARS 无明显差异。NS 组的肾脏 CAT 水平最低,明显低于对照组。与 NS 组相比,治疗组的 CAT 水平明显升高。在肾脏组织学方面,各组的肾小管和肾间质评价相似。NS组的肾小球评分明显高于对照组,而治疗组则明显低于NS组:结论:NS中的氧化应激可能是由于肾脏抗氧化保护机制下降所致。结论:NS的氧化应激可能是由于肾脏抗氧化保护机制下降所致,奥曲肽可改善肾组织的抗氧化水平和组织学,可能是一种治疗选择。
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引用次数: 0
Education and advocacy in acute kidney injury in children: a call for action. 儿童急性肾损伤的教育和宣传:行动呼吁。
IF 1.2 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-E016en
Marcelo de Sousa Tavares
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia : 'orgao oficial de Sociedades Brasileira e Latino-Americana de Nefrologia
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