S. Ferreira, P. Rijo, J.G. Costa, N. Saraiva, Beatriz Santos, C. Uriel, A. M. Gómez, A. Díaz-Lanza, Ana S. Fernandes
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like 1-4 (LOXL 1-4) enzymes catalyze the cross-linking of elastin and collagen in the extracellular matrix, facilitating cell migration and invasion. The inhibition of these enzymes, particularly LOXL2, has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to prevent breast cancer metastasis. In this work, new natural LOXL2 inhibitors were searched from Aeollanthus rydingianus, a medicinal plant rich in bioactive products. Five pimarane diterpenoids, two isolated from the plant and three derivatives, were tested. These compounds have been described for their bioactive properties such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial activities. In this regard, we intended to explore the mechanisms of these compounds by studying their effects on LOXL2 activity. Two pimarane diterpenoids showed a mild LOXL2 inhibitory activity as evaluated by an Amplex Ultra Red-based technique. The cytotoxicity of the most active compound was analyzed by the MTT assay in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, representative of triple-negative breast cancer. This compound decreased cell viability as single agent and increased the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin. Its glycoconjugate was considerably more toxic, likely due to a higher uptake by cancer cells. Keywords: breast cancer, lysyl oxidase-like 2, inhibitors, pimaranes, Aeollanthus rydingianus, MTT
{"title":"Evaluation of the Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 (LOXL2) inhibitory activity of pimaranes and their glycosyl derivatives","authors":"S. Ferreira, P. Rijo, J.G. Costa, N. Saraiva, Beatriz Santos, C. Uriel, A. M. Gómez, A. Díaz-Lanza, Ana S. Fernandes","doi":"10.19277/bbr.20.1.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.20.1.305","url":null,"abstract":"Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like 1-4 (LOXL 1-4) enzymes catalyze the cross-linking of elastin and collagen in the extracellular matrix, facilitating cell migration and invasion. The inhibition of these enzymes, particularly LOXL2, has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to prevent breast cancer metastasis. In this work, new natural LOXL2 inhibitors were searched from Aeollanthus rydingianus, a medicinal plant rich in bioactive products. Five pimarane diterpenoids, two isolated from the plant and three derivatives, were tested. These compounds have been described for their bioactive properties such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial activities. In this regard, we intended to explore the mechanisms of these compounds by studying their effects on LOXL2 activity. Two pimarane diterpenoids showed a mild LOXL2 inhibitory activity as evaluated by an Amplex Ultra Red-based technique. The cytotoxicity of the most active compound was analyzed by the MTT assay in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, representative of triple-negative breast cancer. This compound decreased cell viability as single agent and increased the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin. Its glycoconjugate was considerably more toxic, likely due to a higher uptake by cancer cells. Keywords: breast cancer, lysyl oxidase-like 2, inhibitors, pimaranes, Aeollanthus rydingianus, MTT","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91131872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sérgio Faloni de Andrade, Tiago Granja, Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is one of the most used technologies to access human in vivo blood perfusion. However, its single point measurement capacity in a depth that likely is lower than 1 mm, are major criticisms that limit its utility. New image-based techniques such as Optoacoustic Tomography (OAT) allow the non-invasive observation of larger tissue areas with greater spatial resolution. In this work, we compared synchronized LDF and OAT data during a Post-Occlusion Reactive Hyperemia (PORH) maneuver in the upper limb (occlusion of the brachial artery). Measurements were obtained in the volar forearm (OAT and LDF) and in the fingertip (LDF). All procedures respected the principles of good clinical practices for human research purposes. Results confirm that LDF and OAT signals are significantly correlated at the superficial plexus. LDF does not detect deeper vascular structures of the skin but, even so, it is still very useful to access perfusion in areas with higher capillary density such as the fingertip.
{"title":"Comparative view of reactive hyperemia perfusion changes in the upper-limb by laser Doppler flowmetry and optoacoustic tomography and meta-analysis","authors":"Sérgio Faloni de Andrade, Tiago Granja, Luis Monteiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.19277/bbr.20.1.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.20.1.304","url":null,"abstract":"Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is one of the most used technologies to access human in vivo blood perfusion. However, its single point measurement capacity in a depth that likely is lower than 1 mm, are major criticisms that limit its utility. New image-based techniques such as Optoacoustic Tomography (OAT) allow the non-invasive observation of larger tissue areas with greater spatial resolution. In this work, we compared synchronized LDF and OAT data during a Post-Occlusion Reactive Hyperemia (PORH) maneuver in the upper limb (occlusion of the brachial artery). Measurements were obtained in the volar forearm (OAT and LDF) and in the fingertip (LDF). All procedures respected the principles of good clinical practices for human research purposes. Results confirm that LDF and OAT signals are significantly correlated at the superficial plexus. LDF does not detect deeper vascular structures of the skin but, even so, it is still very useful to access perfusion in areas with higher capillary density such as the fingertip.","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87613309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Oliveira, Francisco Sousa, Maria Graça Silveira
The Mediterranean food pattern (MFP) has been identified as promoting health and preventing certain chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the adherence to MFP in a sample of students in the 3rd cycle of basic education of the Terceira Island and its relationship with sociodemographic factors and weight status. Data was collected between May and June 2015. A direct application questionnaire that included KIDMED was used to assess adherence to the MFP. A total of 303 students aged between 11 and 19 years old participated in this study, mostly female (57.8%). Most students (64.4%) showed an intermediate level of adherence to the MFP and the prevalence of overweight was 33%. Boys had a higher percentage of regular consumption of breakfast cereals and fatty fruits and daily consumption of two yogurts and/or 40 g of cheese. Students who had a vegetable garden and helped to tend it or who belonged to families with additional members under the age of 18 had greater adherence to MFP. No associations were found between other sociodemographic factors and adherence to MFP. Based on these results, it is suggested to reinforce existing food education programs in schools, as well as develop other programs with a multidisciplinary approach that promotes adherence to the MFP.
{"title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern and sociodemographic factors in students of the 3rd cycle of basic education on Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal","authors":"Leandro Oliveira, Francisco Sousa, Maria Graça Silveira","doi":"10.19277/bbr.19.2.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.19.2.290","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean food pattern (MFP) has been identified as promoting health and preventing certain chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the adherence to MFP in a sample of students in the 3rd cycle of basic education of the Terceira Island and its relationship with sociodemographic factors and weight status. Data was collected between May and June 2015. A direct application questionnaire that included KIDMED was used to assess adherence to the MFP. A total of 303 students aged between 11 and 19 years old participated in this study, mostly female (57.8%). Most students (64.4%) showed an intermediate level of adherence to the MFP and the prevalence of overweight was 33%. Boys had a higher percentage of regular consumption of breakfast cereals and fatty fruits and daily consumption of two yogurts and/or 40 g of cheese. Students who had a vegetable garden and helped to tend it or who belonged to families with additional members under the age of 18 had greater adherence to MFP. No associations were found between other sociodemographic factors and adherence to MFP. Based on these results, it is suggested to reinforce existing food education programs in schools, as well as develop other programs with a multidisciplinary approach that promotes adherence to the MFP.","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81892740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Controlled physical activity might help as a preventive and therapeutic tool in vascular pathology. In this study we aimed to understand how lower limb exercise impacts perfusion in a healthy cohort. The study involved a convenience sample of eighteen previously selected healthy individuals of both sexes (n=9 each), mean age 32.8 ± 12.7 years. Procedures respected all principles of good clinical practice. Blood perfusion changes were simultaneously assessed in the dorsal region of both feet by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and polarised spectroscopy (PSp). Measurements were taken at baseline, after stabilization (phase I), following 1 minute of bipedal isometric plantar flexion (phase II), and during recovery (phase III). Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed. Plantar flexion evoked significant perfusion changes in both feet, but in opposite directions – increasing with LDF and decreasing with PSp. These changes indicate that this approach promotes an adaptive mobilisation of blood from superficial to the deeper plexus. No significant changes in arterial blood pressure or cardiac frequency were detected. This manoeuvre, needing no specialised supervision, is capable of promoting significant perfusion changes in the lower limb, showing potential to be further explored in future studies with a prospective design in a preventive/recovery context. Keywords: plantar flexion; foot perfusion; laser Doppler flowmetry; polarised spectroscopy; PAHR - prompt adaptive hemodynamical response; physical activity; home-health
{"title":"Short duration – low intensity isometric plantar flexion increases distal perfusion: observations from a healthy cohort","authors":"M. Florindo, João Gregório, L. Monteiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.19277/bbr.19.1.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.19.1.286","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled physical activity might help as a preventive and therapeutic tool in vascular pathology. In this study we aimed to understand how lower limb exercise impacts perfusion in a healthy cohort. The study involved a convenience sample of eighteen previously selected healthy individuals of both sexes (n=9 each), mean age 32.8 ± 12.7 years. Procedures respected all principles of good clinical practice. Blood perfusion changes were simultaneously assessed in the dorsal region of both feet by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and polarised spectroscopy (PSp). Measurements were taken at baseline, after stabilization (phase I), following 1 minute of bipedal isometric plantar flexion (phase II), and during recovery (phase III). Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed. Plantar flexion evoked significant perfusion changes in both feet, but in opposite directions – increasing with LDF and decreasing with PSp. These changes indicate that this approach promotes an adaptive mobilisation of blood from superficial to the deeper plexus. No significant changes in arterial blood pressure or cardiac frequency were detected. This manoeuvre, needing no specialised supervision, is capable of promoting significant perfusion changes in the lower limb, showing potential to be further explored in future studies with a prospective design in a preventive/recovery context. Keywords: plantar flexion; foot perfusion; laser Doppler flowmetry; polarised spectroscopy; PAHR - prompt adaptive hemodynamical response; physical activity; home-health","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80949378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Margarida Mesquita, Ricardo Moço Coutinho, J. Plácido, A. Coimbra
Adrenaline is the first line and most effective treatment of anaphylaxis and should be administered as soon as possible. Professionals in community pharmacies (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) dispense adrenaline autoinjectors to allergic patients and could have a crucial role in reinforcing training regarding the use of theses devices. A survey to pharmacy workers was conducted in pharmacies located in the north of Portugal. The same professionals were invited to simulate adrenaline administration with training devices of the two autoinjectors available in Portugal. The majority of the pharmacy workers reported not having training regarding adrenaline autoinjectors and more than a third were unable to correctly demonstrate adrenaline administration with the trainer devices. Pharmacy workers in community pharmacies could have an essential role in reinforcing patient education. Consequently, it is important to encourage and ensure their training in order for them to provide clearer and more detailed instructions to patients. Keywords: adrenaline autoinjector; anaphylaxis; community pharmacies; allergy; knowledge
{"title":"Do community pharmacy workers know how to use adrenaline autoinjectors?","authors":"Ana Margarida Mesquita, Ricardo Moço Coutinho, J. Plácido, A. Coimbra","doi":"10.19277/bbr.19.1.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.19.1.287","url":null,"abstract":"Adrenaline is the first line and most effective treatment of anaphylaxis and should be administered as soon as possible. Professionals in community pharmacies (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) dispense adrenaline autoinjectors to allergic patients and could have a crucial role in reinforcing training regarding the use of theses devices. A survey to pharmacy workers was conducted in pharmacies located in the north of Portugal. The same professionals were invited to simulate adrenaline administration with training devices of the two autoinjectors available in Portugal. The majority of the pharmacy workers reported not having training regarding adrenaline autoinjectors and more than a third were unable to correctly demonstrate adrenaline administration with the trainer devices. Pharmacy workers in community pharmacies could have an essential role in reinforcing patient education. Consequently, it is important to encourage and ensure their training in order for them to provide clearer and more detailed instructions to patients. Keywords: adrenaline autoinjector; anaphylaxis; community pharmacies; allergy; knowledge","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"321 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74070214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sérgio Faloni de Andrade, Eucinário José Pinheiro, C. Pereira-Leite, Maria do Céu Costa, A. Figueiredo, L. Monteiro Rodrigues
The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf is widely used for the production of fragrances, cosmetics, and detergents. However, there is no information on the effects of formulations containing C. citratus essential oil (EOCC) on human skin. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of formulation containing EOCC on human skin physiology. The study involved participants of both sexes (n=12). Two areas (3 cm x 3 cm) were drawn on both forearms. One randomly chosen area was treated for 14 days, 2 times/day with polyacrylic acid gel containing 5% EOCC and the other was used as a control for the same time period. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, epidermal lipids, and biomechanics were measured (D0 and D14). High resolution Sonography images were also obtained. Results revealed a significant decrease in TEWL, a significant increase in hydration, firmness and elasticity, and a decrease in lipids, in the areas treated with EOCC. Sonography showed an increase in echogenicity of the epidermis after applying the formulation indicating that the essential oil penetrates only the most superficial layers of the skin. Results also suggest that formulations containing EOCC are safe for topical application and can improve and protect human skin. Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus, essential oil, citral, lemongrass
{"title":"Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf essential oil: Unraveling potential benefits on human skin","authors":"Sérgio Faloni de Andrade, Eucinário José Pinheiro, C. Pereira-Leite, Maria do Céu Costa, A. Figueiredo, L. Monteiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.19277/bbr.19.1.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.19.1.284","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf is widely used for the production of fragrances, cosmetics, and detergents. However, there is no information on the effects of formulations containing C. citratus essential oil (EOCC) on human skin. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of formulation containing EOCC on human skin physiology. The study involved participants of both sexes (n=12). Two areas (3 cm x 3 cm) were drawn on both forearms. One randomly chosen area was treated for 14 days, 2 times/day with polyacrylic acid gel containing 5% EOCC and the other was used as a control for the same time period. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, epidermal lipids, and biomechanics were measured (D0 and D14). High resolution Sonography images were also obtained. Results revealed a significant decrease in TEWL, a significant increase in hydration, firmness and elasticity, and a decrease in lipids, in the areas treated with EOCC. Sonography showed an increase in echogenicity of the epidermis after applying the formulation indicating that the essential oil penetrates only the most superficial layers of the skin. Results also suggest that formulations containing EOCC are safe for topical application and can improve and protect human skin. Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus, essential oil, citral, lemongrass","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"463 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83002351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In line with the longer life expectancy, the pharmaceutical sector, responsible for the continuous development, production and supply of new drugs to cope with the population’s healthcare, has been consistently growing. This scenario illustrates the use of some innovative technologies in industrial processes as the major contributing factor. Amongst these technologies, membrane separation technology stands out. This technique affords the filtration and separation of biological molecules at the nanoscale, resulting in a more expedited manufacturing process and a higher purified end product. Depending on the driving force applied, the separation process involves different approaches, feed stages, different pores’ sizes or permeates. In the scope of membrane separation technology, electrodialysis (ED) uses an electrical potential difference as the driving force to separate ions based on their charge. In this sense, ion-exchange membranes are the most widely used separation materials in purifying systems as they have the advantage of partitioning species of different charges. The present study evaluates two ion-exchange membranes' aptitude as separators for ED filtration of some industrial chemical processes. Keywords: Ionic-exchange membranes, separation technology, pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment, electrodialysis
{"title":"Ionic exchange membranes in the pharmaceutical industry – Review","authors":"Ana Morais, B. Batanero, P. Rijo, M. Nicolai","doi":"10.19277/bbr.19.1.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.19.1.285","url":null,"abstract":"In line with the longer life expectancy, the pharmaceutical sector, responsible for the continuous development, production and supply of new drugs to cope with the population’s healthcare, has been consistently growing. This scenario illustrates the use of some innovative technologies in industrial processes as the major contributing factor. Amongst these technologies, membrane separation technology stands out. This technique affords the filtration and separation of biological molecules at the nanoscale, resulting in a more expedited manufacturing process and a higher purified end product. Depending on the driving force applied, the separation process involves different approaches, feed stages, different pores’ sizes or permeates. In the scope of membrane separation technology, electrodialysis (ED) uses an electrical potential difference as the driving force to separate ions based on their charge. In this sense, ion-exchange membranes are the most widely used separation materials in purifying systems as they have the advantage of partitioning species of different charges. The present study evaluates two ion-exchange membranes' aptitude as separators for ED filtration of some industrial chemical processes. Keywords: Ionic-exchange membranes, separation technology, pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment, electrodialysis","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91278865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Galeano, J. Centurión, María S. Soverina, M. A. Campuzano-Bublitz, M. L. Kennedy, L. Mereles
Allophylus edulis is used in folk medicine primarily for liver conditions such as hepatitis, liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. In vitro hepatoprotective activity was previously demonstrated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of A. edulis in mice. This was done by first determining the acute toxicity of the extract, evaluating the general behavior, and subsequently verifying the effect on paracetamol-induced toxic hepatitis in male mice. Additionally, the phytochemical profile was performed, and the content of total phenols and its total antioxidant capacity were quantified through the 2,2, azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS) method. The extract of A. edulis leaves did not demonstrate adverse effects up to 2000 mg/kg, p.o. Anthraquinones, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and tannins were detected. A high content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was related to a high antioxidant capacity. Regarding the results of the biological tests, A. edulis did not affect the general behavior of the mice, and all doses tested decreased glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity, the main liver enzyme markers of hepatocellular damage. It is concluded that A. edulis has hepatoprotective activity, which could be related to its antioxidant activity. Keywords: Allophylus edulis; hepatoprotective; acetaminophen; liver enzymes markers; antioxidant capacity
{"title":"In vitro antioxidant capacity and in vivo hepatoprotective effect of Allophylus edulis leaf extract","authors":"A. Galeano, J. Centurión, María S. Soverina, M. A. Campuzano-Bublitz, M. L. Kennedy, L. Mereles","doi":"10.19277/bbr.19.1.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.19.1.288","url":null,"abstract":"Allophylus edulis is used in folk medicine primarily for liver conditions such as hepatitis, liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. In vitro hepatoprotective activity was previously demonstrated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of A. edulis in mice. This was done by first determining the acute toxicity of the extract, evaluating the general behavior, and subsequently verifying the effect on paracetamol-induced toxic hepatitis in male mice. Additionally, the phytochemical profile was performed, and the content of total phenols and its total antioxidant capacity were quantified through the 2,2, azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS) method. The extract of A. edulis leaves did not demonstrate adverse effects up to 2000 mg/kg, p.o. Anthraquinones, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and tannins were detected. A high content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was related to a high antioxidant capacity. Regarding the results of the biological tests, A. edulis did not affect the general behavior of the mice, and all doses tested decreased glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity, the main liver enzyme markers of hepatocellular damage. It is concluded that A. edulis has hepatoprotective activity, which could be related to its antioxidant activity. Keywords: Allophylus edulis; hepatoprotective; acetaminophen; liver enzymes markers; antioxidant capacity","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88375022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serious adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines may be related to death or other serious clinical events. The aim of this study was to describe and to analyze the profile of serious notified Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and the occurrence of some rare and serious adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Portugal up to 22 July 2021. Data was collected from public reports of INFARMED, I.P. (the Portuguese medicine agency). Up to 22 July 2021, there were 11,002,983 administered COVID-19 vaccines in Portugal, with 11,314 notified ADRs: 36% serious and 64% non-serious. Overall, 1 ADR and 0.4 serious ADRs were reported per each 1,000 administered vaccines, respectively. There were 2 confirmed cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), 3 probable cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and 2 definitive cases of myocarditis/pericarditis, among the studied rare serious ADRs. In conclusion, as expected, rare cases of TTS, GBS and myocarditis/pericarditis were reported, which contribute to the maintenance of a safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines at national and international levels. Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome; Guillain-Barré syndrome; myocarditis; pericarditis
{"title":"Serious Adverse Reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Portugal up to July 2021: thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, myocarditis/pericarditis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome","authors":"C. Pires","doi":"10.19277/bbr.19.1.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19277/bbr.19.1.279","url":null,"abstract":"Serious adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines may be related to death or other serious clinical events. The aim of this study was to describe and to analyze the profile of serious notified Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and the occurrence of some rare and serious adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Portugal up to 22 July 2021. Data was collected from public reports of INFARMED, I.P. (the Portuguese medicine agency). Up to 22 July 2021, there were 11,002,983 administered COVID-19 vaccines in Portugal, with 11,314 notified ADRs: 36% serious and 64% non-serious. Overall, 1 ADR and 0.4 serious ADRs were reported per each 1,000 administered vaccines, respectively. There were 2 confirmed cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), 3 probable cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and 2 definitive cases of myocarditis/pericarditis, among the studied rare serious ADRs. In conclusion, as expected, rare cases of TTS, GBS and myocarditis/pericarditis were reported, which contribute to the maintenance of a safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines at national and international levels. Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome; Guillain-Barré syndrome; myocarditis; pericarditis","PeriodicalId":14771,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91158706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Pinto, Filipa Guerreiro, Maria Palma Mateus, Artur Gregório
The National Health Directorate considered that an assessment of food insecurity was a priority for the Algarve region. This study reports the results of the Regional Observatory for Food Security, which aimed to identify socioeconomic determinants, lifestyle risk factors, and prevalence of food insecurity in the Algarve. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a random, stratified, sample of households in the Algarve, with data regarding sociodemographic, anthropometric, food insecurity, access to places where food is sold, and Mediterranean diet adherence variables, collected through a direct interview conducted to a representative of the household. Data analysis was conducted with the IBM-SPSS software, version 22. Approximately 24% of households had mild food insecurity, 3% had moderate food insecurity, and 2% had severe food insecurity. Only 25% of participants had good adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Unemployment in the household (rSpearman=0.116; p<0.05), smoking habits (rSpearman=0.193; p<0.05), and low adherence to Mediterranean Diet (χ2= 6.7; p=0.01) seem associated with greater food insecurity. An odds ratio analysis shows that having a higher education degree can be a protective factor for food insecurity (OR=0.78; 95%IC 0.66-0.92). Although further studies are needed in order to assess in detail the determinants of food insecurity, this work can contribute to tailor food and nutrition interventions in the region. Keywords: Algarve; Food Insecurity; Mediterranean Diet
国家卫生局认为，对粮食不安全状况进行评估是阿尔加维地区的优先事项。本研究报告了区域粮食安全观察站的结果，旨在确定阿尔加维的社会经济决定因素、生活方式风险因素和粮食不安全的普遍程度。我们在阿尔加维的随机分层家庭样本中进行了一项横断面研究，通过对家庭代表的直接访谈收集了有关社会人口统计学、人体测量学、食品不安全、食品销售地点的获取和地中海饮食依从性变量的数据。数据分析采用IBM-SPSS软件，版本22。大约24%的家庭有轻度粮食不安全，3%有中度粮食不安全，2%有严重粮食不安全。只有25%的参与者坚持地中海饮食。家庭失业率(rSpearman=0.116;p<0.05)、吸烟习惯(rSpearman=0.193;p<0.05)，地中海饮食依从性低(χ2= 6.7;P =0.01)似乎与更严重的粮食不安全有关。比值比分析显示，拥有较高的教育程度可能是粮食不安全的保护因素(OR=0.78;95% ic 0.66 - -0.92)。虽然需要进一步的研究来详细评估粮食不安全的决定因素，但这项工作可以有助于在该区域量身定制粮食和营养干预措施。关键词:阿尔加维;食品不安全;地中海式饮食
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