Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.5833
Ewa Tobiasz
The article presents briefly the history of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), its goals, ideas and fruits of its activities and also informations about its canonical status. There is also shown the silhouette of the founder archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and his great commitment to protect the catholic Tradition. Next there are informations about the activity of the Society of Saint Pius X, which is connected first of all with the education of catholic priests to protect the catholic Tradition. The Society started its apostolate in Poland in 1993 and it is growing steadily.
{"title":"Bractwo Kapłańskie św. Piusa X w Polsce. Rozwój i działalność","authors":"Ewa Tobiasz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.5833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.5833","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents briefly the history of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), its goals, ideas and fruits of its activities and also informations about its canonical status. There is also shown the silhouette of the founder archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and his great commitment to protect the catholic Tradition. Next there are informations about the activity of the Society of Saint Pius X, which is connected first of all with the education of catholic priests to protect the catholic Tradition. The Society started its apostolate in Poland in 1993 and it is growing steadily.","PeriodicalId":14786,"journal":{"name":"Język. Religia. Tożsamość.","volume":"287 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.5844
Dariusz A. Rymar
The article depicts the history of the White Cross. It was made in 1981 on the occasion of the outdoor Mass, organised by the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (Polish: NSZZ) “Solidarity”. Later the Cross was moved to the vicinity of the [Gorzów] Cathedral. In 1982 when the Union was suspended and then disbanded under martial law by the Communist authorities the place around the Cross became the meeting point for Solidarity activists. On August 31, 1982, the White Cross was the place where five to ten thousand people gathered to start the most numerous rally in the history of Gorzów. In March 1983 under pressure from the authorities the diocese decided to move the Cross again, that time to Żeromski Street, where a new church was being built. There the White Cross was again unveiled in 1986, and a year later a commemorative plaque was added. In the years that followed replicas and miniatures of the White Cross appeared in various places in Gorzów; thus, the White Cross has become one of the symbols of the town and an element of its identity.
{"title":"Biały Krzyż „Solidarności” i jego historia. Z dziejów tożsamości Gorzowa Wielkopolskiego","authors":"Dariusz A. Rymar","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.5844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.5844","url":null,"abstract":"The article depicts the history of the White Cross. It was made in 1981 on the occasion of the outdoor Mass, organised by the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (Polish: NSZZ) “Solidarity”. Later the Cross was moved to the vicinity of the [Gorzów] Cathedral. In 1982 when the Union was suspended and then disbanded under martial law by the Communist authorities the place around the Cross became the meeting point for Solidarity activists. On August 31, 1982, the White Cross was the place where five to ten thousand people gathered to start the most numerous rally in the history of Gorzów. In March 1983 under pressure from the authorities the diocese decided to move the Cross again, that time to Żeromski Street, where a new church was being built. There the White Cross was again unveiled in 1986, and a year later a commemorative plaque was added. In the years that followed replicas and miniatures of the White Cross appeared in various places in Gorzów; thus, the White Cross has become one of the symbols of the town and an element of its identity.","PeriodicalId":14786,"journal":{"name":"Język. Religia. Tożsamość.","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.5843
Krzysztof Rak
One of the key problems of German-Soviet relations in 1925-1932 was the treaty agreement between Warsaw and Moscow. For Germany, the conclusion of a political treaty between Poland and the USSR posed a threat to the realisation of its main foreign policy priority, namely the revision of the eastern border. Berlin was therefore very suspicious of any attempt at Polish-Soviet rapprochement. When the Soviets and Poles began final negotiations for a Polish-Soviet non-aggression pact in November 1931, this issue became a problem in Soviet-German relations. The problem was so significant that the Soviets consulted the Germans about the content of this agreement. German diplomacy tried to torpedo it, but as this article shows, it did not have very strong arguments. As a result, Berlin had to accept that Moscow and Warsaw concluded a political compromise in 1932.
{"title":"Niemiecko-sowieckie konsultacje w sprawie polsko-sowieckiego paktu o nieagresji na przełomie 1931 i 1932 roku","authors":"Krzysztof Rak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.5843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.5843","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key problems of German-Soviet relations in 1925-1932 was the treaty agreement between Warsaw and Moscow. For Germany, the conclusion of a political treaty between Poland and the USSR posed a threat to the realisation of its main foreign policy priority, namely the revision of the eastern border. Berlin was therefore very suspicious of any attempt at Polish-Soviet rapprochement. When the Soviets and Poles began final negotiations for a Polish-Soviet non-aggression pact in November 1931, this issue became a problem in Soviet-German relations. The problem was so significant that the Soviets consulted the Germans about the content of this agreement. German diplomacy tried to torpedo it, but as this article shows, it did not have very strong arguments. As a result, Berlin had to accept that Moscow and Warsaw concluded a political compromise in 1932.","PeriodicalId":14786,"journal":{"name":"Język. Religia. Tożsamość.","volume":"58 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：