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Low-Dose Anti-PD(L)1 for the Treatment of Solid Malignancies. 治疗实体恶性肿瘤的低剂量抗-PD(L)1。
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1200/GO.24.00122
Iza Andrade de A Souza, Beatriz de M Dobbert, Barbara G Sao Jose, Joao Pedro Homse-Netto, Larissa L Furlan, Maira S Abreu, Camila Ferrari, Bruno Uchoa, Kathia Abdallah, Stephano N Lucio, Joao A Soler, Fabio L C Fernandez, Luiza Ferreira, Joao D Guedes, Aline F Fares, Daniel V Araujo

Purpose: Mounting data suggest that lower doses of anti-PD(L)1 agents can be as efficacious as label-approved doses at a fraction of its cost. We compare the outcomes of patients treated with low-dose (LD) and with conventional-dose (CD) anti-PD(L)1 agents.

Methods: This observational study evaluates the outcomes of patients with solid malignancies treated with anti-PD(L)1 agents (LD or CD) at Hospital de Base, Brazil. Patients were classified as receiving LD if the dose administered in the first cycle was below the label-approved dose. Efficacy outcomes, including best clinical overall response rate (cORR), clinical progression-free survival (cPFS), and overall survival (OS), were evaluated.

Results: From January 2020 to May 2023, 71 patients were included: 49 (69%) with LD and 22 (31%) with CD agents. The most frequent tumor sites were the lung (41% LD, 22.9% CD) and skin (melanoma; 24.6% LD, 50% CD). Most of the patients were treated with pembrolizumab (65% LD and 72% CD). The mean dose of pembrolizumab was 95.3 mg (1.5 mg/kg) in LD and 168.7 mg (2.12 mg/kg) in CD groups, once a day, q21d (every 21 days). After a median follow-up of 10.9 months, there were no significant differences between LD versus CD in cORR (38.1% v 35.2%, P = .31), cPFS (5.3 m v 7 m, P = .36), and OS (12.8 m v not reached, P = .17). A subgroup analysis with patients receiving pembrolizumab was performed, and similar results were obtained.

Conclusion: Our study found no differences in cORR, cPFS, and OS between patients treated with LD and CD anti-PD(L)1. LD anti-PD(L)1 could be an alternative to promote accessibility, which warrants further investigation in randomized trials.

目的:越来越多的数据表明,低剂量抗PD(L)1药物的疗效可与标签批准的剂量相媲美,而成本仅为标签批准剂量的一小部分。我们比较了接受低剂量(LD)和常规剂量(CD)抗 PD(L)1 药物治疗的患者的疗效:这项观察性研究评估了巴西基地医院使用抗PD(L)1药物(低剂量或常规剂量)治疗实体恶性肿瘤患者的疗效。如果患者第一周期的用药剂量低于标签批准的剂量,则将其归类为接受LD治疗的患者。疗效结果包括最佳临床总反应率(cORR)、临床无进展生存期(cPFS)和总生存期(OS):结果:2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 5 月,共纳入 71 例患者:49人(69%)使用LD药物,22人(31%)使用CD药物。最常见的肿瘤部位是肺部(41%为LD,22.9%为CD)和皮肤(黑色素瘤;24.6%为LD,50%为CD)。大多数患者接受了pembrolizumab治疗(65%为LD,72%为CD)。LD 组和 CD 组的 pembrolizumab 平均剂量分别为 95.3 毫克(1.5 毫克/千克)和 168.7 毫克(2.12 毫克/千克),每天一次,q21d(每 21 天一次)。中位随访 10.9 个月后,LD 组与 CD 组在 cORR(38.1% 对 35.2%,P = .31)、cPFS(5.3 m 对 7 m,P = .36)和 OS(12.8 m 对未达到,P = .17)方面无显著差异。对接受pembrolizumab治疗的患者进行了亚组分析,结果相似:我们的研究发现,接受LD抗PD(L)1和CD抗PD(L)1治疗的患者在cORR、cPFS和OS方面没有差异。LD anti-PD(L)1 可能是促进可及性的一种替代方法,值得在随机试验中进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Diving Into the Fusion Across Cancer Types in the Indian Population From Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded RNA-Exome Data: A Road to Discovering Novel Rearrangements With Clinical Relevance. 从福尔马林固定石蜡包埋 RNA-Exome 数据深入研究印度人口中不同癌症类型的融合:发现具有临床意义的新型基因重组之路。
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1200/GO-24-00289
Satya Prakash Khuntia, Nilesh Mukherjee, Vyomesh Javle, Nishtha AjitSingh Tanwar, Peddagangannagari Sreekanthreddy, Linu Varghese, Pooja Gowda, Anju Kottlahouse, Pratik Chandrani, Anuradha Choughule, Priyanka Pange, Vinod Gupta, Vanita Noronha, Vijay Maruti Patil, Raja Pramanik, Sunil Kumar, Sandeep Peraje Nayak, Suresh Babu, Rohan Shetty, Madan Kantharaju, Pramod Shekarappa Chinder, Aruna Korlimarla, B S Srinath, Kumar Prabhash, Giridharan Periyasamy, Kshitij Datta Rishi, Hitesh Madan Goswami, Vidya Harini Veldore

Purpose: Gene fusions are critical oncogenic mutations that drive cancer development and serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Despite the increasing cancer burden in India, large-scale analyses of molecular landscapes, particularly gene fusions, have been relatively scarce.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study used RNA-exome data from 1,392 Indian patients with cancer across 15 major cancer types to explore gene fusions. The study used a comprehensive framework that integrated open-source and proprietary tools to detect gene fusions from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. The process involved RNA extraction, RNA-exome library preparation, and analysis using tools such as FastQC, DRAGEN RNA Pipeline, STAR-Fusion, and FusionInspector. We validated and filtered potential false-positive fusion calls using AGFusion and FusionAnnotator to annotate fusion breakpoints and their functional impact through various in silico tools.

Results: The study found a notable prevalence of FGFR fusions across cancer types, especially FGFR3, with FGFR3::TACC3 as the most recurrent. Kinase fusions were prevalent in the cohort accounting for 37% of incidence in the patients. We also identified 91 novel potential driver fusions, including those involving FGFR2, MET, ESR1, and PDGFRA.

Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of gene fusions as biomarkers in cancer, extending beyond fusion-driven malignancies to encompass all cancer types. Gene fusions serve as both diagnostic markers and tumor-agnostic therapeutic targets within the current cancer treatment paradigm. Our insights into the prevalence of oncogenic drivers and novel targets expand the understanding of gene fusions, shedding new light on their mechanisms and clinical implications.

目的:基因融合是关键的致癌突变,可推动癌症的发展,并可作为诊断和预后的生物标志物。尽管印度的癌症负担日益加重,但对分子图谱,尤其是基因融合的大规模分析却相对较少:这项回顾性研究使用了 1,392 名印度癌症患者的 RNA 外显子组数据,涉及 15 种主要癌症类型,以探索基因融合。研究采用了一个综合框架,整合了开源和专有工具,从福尔马林固定石蜡包埋的肿瘤样本中检测基因融合。这一过程涉及 RNA 提取、RNA-外显子组文库制备,以及使用 FastQC、DRAGEN RNA Pipeline、STAR-Fusion 和 FusionInspector 等工具进行分析。我们使用 AGFusion 和 FusionAnnotator 验证并过滤了潜在的假阳性融合调用,通过各种硅学工具注释融合断点及其功能影响:研究发现,FGFR融合在各种癌症类型中非常普遍,尤其是FGFR3,FGFR3::TACC3是最常见的融合。激酶融合在队列中很普遍,占患者发病率的37%。我们还发现了91种新的潜在驱动因子融合,包括涉及FGFR2、MET、ESR1和PDGFRA的融合:这项研究强调了基因融合作为生物标记物在癌症中的关键作用,其范围已从融合驱动的恶性肿瘤扩展到所有癌症类型。在目前的癌症治疗模式中,基因融合既是诊断标志物,也是肿瘤诊断治疗目标。我们对致癌驱动因素和新靶点的深入研究拓展了对基因融合的认识,为其机制和临床意义提供了新的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Indonesian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Cancer Registration Information System: 10 Years of Implementation, Challenge, and Future. 印度尼西亚妇科肿瘤学会癌症登记信息系统:10 年的实施、挑战与未来》(Indonesian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Cancer Registration Information System: 10 Years of Implementation, Challenge, and Future.
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1200/GO.24.00176
Tricia Dewi Anggraeni, Hari Nugroho, Ali Budi Harsono, Tofan Widya Utami, Brahmana Askandar Tjokroprawiro

Purpose: Indonesia still faces high disease burden from cancer and needs valid gynecologic cancer epidemiology data. The Indonesian Society of Gynecologic Oncology (INASGO) established a web-based gynecologic cancer registry. This research aims to observe and report the situation of INASGO cancer registration information system from 2011 to 2021 and provide the most recent data.

Methods: This is a quality assurance research using nonexperimental design and did not perform data manipulation. This study will evaluate comparability, validity, and completeness of cancer registry data. Information was obtained by registration files, direct observation, and interviewing cancer registry supervisors in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

Results: This cancer registry coded its data according to international standards with many participants and large cases registered. A total of 28,692 cases were reported to the cancer registry. Cervical cancer ranked highest (68.6%) with stage III being the most common found. The most frequent age group at diagnosis is 36-55 years. The most valid basic diagnostic of gynecologic cancer is histology of primary malignancy. The main challenge of the INASGO cancer registry is the lack of data validity and completeness because of poor coordination and financial support.

Conclusion: INASGO cancer registration information system has good prospects to provide data information of patients with gynecologic cancer in policy or research matters. Poor coordination and limited financial support have to be anticipated for the sake of this cancer registry existence in the future.

目的:印尼仍然面临着癌症带来的沉重疾病负担,需要有效的妇科癌症流行病学数据。印度尼西亚妇科肿瘤学会(INASGO)建立了一个基于网络的妇科癌症登记系统。本研究旨在观察和报告2011年至2021年INASGO癌症登记信息系统的情况,并提供最新数据:本研究是一项质量保证研究,采用非实验设计,不进行数据处理。本研究将评估癌症登记数据的可比性、有效性和完整性。信息通过登记档案、直接观察和采访雅加达 Cipto Mangunkusumo 医院癌症登记处主管获得:结果:该癌症登记处按照国际标准对数据进行编码,登记了许多参与者和大型病例。癌症登记处共登记了 28,692 例病例。宫颈癌发病率最高(68.6%),其中最常见的是 III 期宫颈癌。最常见的确诊年龄段为 36-55 岁。妇科癌症最有效的基本诊断方法是原发恶性肿瘤的组织学诊断。INASGO 癌症登记处面临的主要挑战是,由于协调不力和财政支持不足,数据缺乏有效性和完整性:结论:全国非政府组织协会癌症登记信息系统在提供妇科癌症患者的数据信息以用于政策或研究方面具有良好的前景。结论:INASGO 癌症登记信息系统具有良好的前景,可以为政策或研究事项提供妇科癌症患者的数据信息。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Sectional National Survey of Practice Patterns in Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Snapshot of India. 全国直肠癌放射治疗实践模式横断面调查:印度掠影
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1200/GO-24-00410
Rahul Krishnatry, Ashwathy Mathew, Sayan Das, Shagun Misra, Divya Khosla, Jeba Karunya Ramireddy, Shirley Lewis

Purpose: The information on the practice of radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use for rectal cancer in India, is lacking. This national survey was planned to understand the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and practice among radiation oncologists, specifically concerning the practice of IMRT for rectal cancers.

Materials and methods: A national survey was sent to radiation oncologists through e-mail or a WhatsApp message, where feasible, with a request letter containing the link to the survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the UK IMRT survey with permission from the authors. It explored rectal cancer management, IMRT use, reasons for nonadoption, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), dose fractionation schedules and radiotherapy processes like radiotherapy simulation, target volume/organ at risk definition, and treatment planning, evaluation, and verification. Descriptive statistics is used to present the results.

Results: Over 300 radiation oncologists were approached, and 182 (60.6%) of the 153 institutes responded. Around 88% (160 of 182) indicated using IMRT or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to treat rectal cancer, of whom 32% used exclusively IMRT/VMAT in all their patients. The reasons for not adopting IMRT were affordability/lack of insurance, resource constraints, and lack of guidelines. Long-course chemoradiation (capecitabine-based) followed by surgery was the most common neoadjuvant approach, with short course and TNT in less than a third of patients. Daily verification feasibility was reported by 60%. Seventy-three percent emphasized the need for a national IMRT guidance document.

Conclusion: This national survey from India indicates a scope of routine implementation of IMRT in rectal cancer, highlighting the urgent need for a national IMRT guidance document, which could significantly enhance the quality of care for patients with rectal cancer in India.

目的:印度缺乏有关放射治疗实践的信息,包括直肠癌的调强放射治疗(IMRT)。这项全国性调查旨在了解放射肿瘤学家的知识、态度和实践现状,特别是有关直肠癌的调强放射治疗实践:在可行的情况下,通过电子邮件或 WhatsApp 消息向放射肿瘤学家发送全国调查问卷,并附上一封包含调查问卷链接的请求信。调查问卷由英国 IMRT 调查改编而成,并获得了作者的许可。调查内容包括直肠癌的管理、IMRT 的使用、不采用的原因、新辅助治疗(TNT)、剂量分次计划和放疗过程,如放疗模拟、靶体积/危险器官定义、治疗计划、评估和验证。结果采用了描述性统计方法:结果:我们联系了 300 多名放射肿瘤专家,153 家机构中有 182 家(60.6%)做出了回应。约 88% 的医生(182 家中的 160 家)表示使用 IMRT 或容积调制弧形疗法 (VMAT) 治疗直肠癌,其中 32% 的医生在治疗所有患者时完全使用 IMRT/VMAT。未采用 IMRT 的原因包括经济承受能力/缺乏保险、资源限制以及缺乏指南。长程化疗(以卡培他滨为基础)后手术是最常见的新辅助治疗方法,短程化疗和TNT在不到三分之一的患者中使用。60%的患者报告了每日核查的可行性。73%的人强调需要一份全国性的 IMRT 指导文件:这项来自印度的全国性调查表明,IMRT 在直肠癌中的常规实施范围很广,突出表明迫切需要一份全国性的 IMRT 指导文件,这将大大提高印度直肠癌患者的治疗质量。
{"title":"Cross-Sectional National Survey of Practice Patterns in Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Snapshot of India.","authors":"Rahul Krishnatry, Ashwathy Mathew, Sayan Das, Shagun Misra, Divya Khosla, Jeba Karunya Ramireddy, Shirley Lewis","doi":"10.1200/GO-24-00410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/GO-24-00410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The information on the practice of radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use for rectal cancer in India, is lacking. This national survey was planned to understand the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and practice among radiation oncologists, specifically concerning the practice of IMRT for rectal cancers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A national survey was sent to radiation oncologists through e-mail or a WhatsApp message, where feasible, with a request letter containing the link to the survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the UK IMRT survey with permission from the authors. It explored rectal cancer management, IMRT use, reasons for nonadoption, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), dose fractionation schedules and radiotherapy processes like radiotherapy simulation, target volume/organ at risk definition, and treatment planning, evaluation, and verification. Descriptive statistics is used to present the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 300 radiation oncologists were approached, and 182 (60.6%) of the 153 institutes responded. Around 88% (160 of 182) indicated using IMRT or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to treat rectal cancer, of whom 32% used exclusively IMRT/VMAT in all their patients. The reasons for not adopting IMRT were affordability/lack of insurance, resource constraints, and lack of guidelines. Long-course chemoradiation (capecitabine-based) followed by surgery was the most common neoadjuvant approach, with short course and TNT in less than a third of patients. Daily verification feasibility was reported by 60%. Seventy-three percent emphasized the need for a national IMRT guidance document.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This national survey from India indicates a scope of routine implementation of IMRT in rectal cancer, highlighting the urgent need for a national IMRT guidance document, which could significantly enhance the quality of care for patients with rectal cancer in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":14806,"journal":{"name":"JCO Global Oncology","volume":"10 ","pages":"e2400410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Timeliness of Breast Cancer Patients' Presentation to Health Care Facilities in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 埃塞俄比亚乳腺癌患者到医疗机构就诊的及时性:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1200/GO-24-00263
Debisa Eshatu Wendimu, Mosisa Bekele Degefa, Daniel Legese Achalu, Biniyam Tedla Mamo, Derese Bekele Daba, Solomon Getnet Meshesha

Purpose: Low breast cancer survival rates are often linked to late-stage diagnosis. The patient interval, the time between symptom detection and the first health care visit, is a key indicator of early diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of patient delay and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods: This systematic review used a combined approach of meta-analysis and meta-synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.

Results: Eleven studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria were included in the review. More than half (58.48%) of the patients with breast cancer delayed seeking medical help at health facilities, with a median delay time of 120 days. Presence of a painful breast ulcer/wounded mass (odds ratio [OR], 0.23 [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.58]), having swelling or a lump in the armpit (OR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.46]), residing in urban area (OR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.49]), and having a secondary school education or higher (OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.64]) were less likely to delay in seeking formal health care. However, patients who travel more than 5 km (OR, 6.33 [95% CI, 4.10 to 9.75]) were more likely to delay in our meta-analysis. Moreover, the meta-synthesis showed that the nature and progression of symptoms, symptom disclosure, social support, emotional responses, use of alternative therapies, misconceptions about breast cancer, financial limitations, accessibility issues, and other personal-environmental factors were associated with patient delay.

Conclusion: Nearly three fifths of patients with breast cancer delayed seeking health care at health facilities. Inaccessibility, low awareness, cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic factors contributed to these delays. Increasing public awareness, especially in rural areas, and improving health care access could encourage earlier presentation.

目的:乳腺癌的低存活率往往与晚期诊断有关。患者间隔期,即从发现症状到首次就诊的时间,是早期诊断的关键指标。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚患者就诊延迟的发生率及其相关因素:本系统综述分别采用了定量和定性数据的荟萃分析和荟萃综合方法。我们遵循了《系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目》指南:符合资格标准的 11 项研究被纳入综述。半数以上(58.48%)的乳腺癌患者延迟到医疗机构就医,延迟时间中位数为 120 天。乳房溃疡/肿块疼痛(几率比 [OR],0.23 [95% CI,0.09 至 0.58])、腋下肿胀或肿块(OR,0.27 [95% CI,0.15 至 0.46])、居住在城市地区(OR,0.27 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.49])和具有中学或以上学历(OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.64])的患者不太可能延迟寻求正规医疗服务。然而,在我们的荟萃分析中,行程超过 5 公里(OR,6.33 [95% CI,4.10 至 9.75])的患者更有可能延迟就医。此外,荟萃分析表明,症状的性质和进展、症状披露、社会支持、情绪反应、替代疗法的使用、对乳腺癌的误解、经济限制、可及性问题以及其他个人环境因素与患者延迟就诊有关:近五分之三的乳腺癌患者延迟到医疗机构就医。交通不便、认知度低、文化信仰和社会经济因素都是造成这些延误的原因。提高公众意识(尤其是在农村地区)和改善医疗服务的可及性可以鼓励患者尽早就诊。
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引用次数: 0
Access of Low-Resource Areas to ASCO Quality Initiatives: Initial Experience and Lessons Learned. 低资源地区参与 ASCO 质量行动:初步经验和教训。
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1200/GO.24.00140
Abdul Rahman Jazieh, Jackson Orem, Gerardo Umanzor, Julia Tomkins

With the aim of improving the quality of cancer care globally, ASCO began to offer its quality improvement programs to interested international oncology practices. In this manuscript, we describe the experiences with ASCO quality initiatives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The experience acquired from different practices in Latin America and Africa was reviewed and various action steps were summarized. Encountered challenges and implemented solutions to mitigate these challenges were identified to list as lessons learned for oncology practices in LMICs or low-resource settings to use in their future quality improvement initiatives and providing a proactive approach for those practices considering starting quality improvement programs. Having programs tailored to LMICs may facilitate the participation of more practices and help them take advantage of these programs to enhance patient care. The preliminary data and learning are promising and demonstrate that participation in quality improvement activities can have a positive effect. Although this early experience is encouraging, each country and resource-limited practice will have its own unique challenges as highlighted in this article. Having more practices participate will further enhance the knowledge base, build experience in addressing challenges, and enable oncology patients to reap the benefits worldwide.

为了提高全球癌症治疗的质量,ASCO 开始向感兴趣的国际肿瘤治疗机构提供质量改进计划。在本手稿中,我们介绍了 ASCO 在中低收入国家(LMICs)开展质量计划的经验。我们回顾了从拉丁美洲和非洲不同实践中获得的经验,并总结了各种行动步骤。我们确定了所遇到的挑战以及为缓解这些挑战而实施的解决方案,并将其列为经验教训,供中低收入国家或低资源环境中的肿瘤诊疗机构在未来的质量改进计划中使用,并为那些考虑启动质量改进计划的诊疗机构提供了一种积极的方法。为低收入和中等收入国家量身定做的计划可能会促进更多临床实践的参与,并帮助他们利用这些计划加强对患者的护理。初步数据和学习成果令人鼓舞,表明参与质量改进活动可以产生积极的效果。虽然早期经验令人鼓舞,但正如本文所强调的,每个国家和资源有限的医疗机构都将面临各自独特的挑战。让更多的临床实践参与进来将进一步增强知识基础,积累应对挑战的经验,并让全球肿瘤患者从中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Medical Tourism for Cancer Treatment: Trends, Trajectories, and Perspectives From African Countries. 癌症治疗医疗旅游:非洲国家的趋势、轨迹和前景》。
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1200/GO.24.00131
Fidel Rubagumya, Laura Carson, Daniel Afolayan, Eulade Rugengamanzi, Godwin Abdiel Nnko, Omar Abdihamid, Verna Vanderpuye, Nazik Hammad

Purpose: Cancer continues to be a significant public health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) struggles with a lack of proper infrastructure and adequate cancer care workforce. This has led to some countries relying on referrals of cancer care to countries with higher income levels. In some instances, patients refer themselves. Some countries have made it their goal to attract patients from other countries, a term that has been referred to as medical tourism. In this article, we explore the current status of oncology-related medical tourism in SSA.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants included oncologists, surgeons, and any other physicians who take care of patients with cancer. A predesigned questionnaire was distributed through African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer member mailing list and through study team personal contacts and social media.

Results: A total of 52 participants from 17 African countries with a 1.6:2 male to female ratio responded to the survey. Most (55.8%) of the respondents were from Eastern African countries. The majority (92%) of study participants reported that they knew patients who referred themselves abroad, whereas 75% referred patients abroad, and the most common (94%) referral destination was India. The most common (93%) reason for referral was perception of a higher quality of care in foreign health institutions.

Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to improve local health care systems including building trust of the system among general population. The study highlights potential financial toxicity, and it adds to the current emphasis on return of investment on homegrown workforce and cancer treatment infrastructure.

目的:癌症仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。撒哈拉以南非洲地区(SSA)因缺乏适当的基础设施和充足的癌症护理队伍而苦苦挣扎。这导致一些国家依赖向收入水平较高的国家转诊癌症患者。在某些情况下,病人会自己转诊。一些国家将吸引其他国家的患者作为自己的目标,这就是所谓的医疗旅游。本文探讨了撒哈拉以南非洲地区与肿瘤相关的医疗旅游现状:这是一项横断面研究。研究参与者包括肿瘤学家、外科医生和其他任何照顾癌症患者的医生。研究人员通过非洲癌症研究与培训组织成员邮件列表、研究小组的个人联系方式和社交媒体分发了事先设计好的调查问卷:共有来自 17 个非洲国家的 52 名参与者参与了调查,男女比例为 1.6:2。大多数受访者(55.8%)来自东非国家。大多数(92%)研究参与者称,他们认识的病人都是自己转诊到国外的,而75%的人是将病人转诊到国外的,最常见(94%)的转诊目的地是印度。最常见(93%)的转诊原因是认为国外医疗机构的医疗质量更高:研究结果表明,有必要改善当地的医疗保健系统,包括建立普通民众对该系统的信任。该研究强调了潜在的经济毒性,并进一步强调了当前对本土劳动力和癌症治疗基础设施投资回报的重视。
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引用次数: 0
Building an Effective International Medical Evacuation Program for Ukrainian Patients With Cancer Amid Prolonged Military Conflict. 在长期军事冲突中为乌克兰癌症患者制定有效的国际医疗后送计划。
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1200/GO-24-00363
Inesa Huivaniuk, Viacheslav Kopetskyi, Taras Ivanykovych, Andrei Nikiforchin, Darya Kizub, Marta Antoniv, Ali Dzhemiliev, Brittany Powell, Saar Yaniuta, Arman Kacharian, Anna Podolianko, Nelya Melnitchouk

Purpose: During military conflicts, the immediate response to a severely disrupted health care system often overlooks the needs of patients with cancer who require continuous specialized care. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 was no exception, leaving many Ukrainian patients without access to essential care.

Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of the MedEvac program, facilitating the transfer of Ukrainian patients with cancer to European Union (EU) institutions for treatment, and to describe its components. Patient data from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (MOH) database (April 2022-April 2023) were analyzed.

Results: Of 639 applications in the MOH database, 339 (53.1%) had sufficient data for analysis and, of those, 281 (82.9%) were evacuated to EU hospitals. Median age of evacuated patients was 47 (IQR, 38-58) years and most were newly diagnosed (94.0%, n = 264). Predominantly, patients were evacuated for systemic cancer therapy (81.9%, n = 230). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0-2) was the most significant factor associated with evacuation (odds ratio [OR], 9.64 [95% CI, 3.08 to 30.23]). Patients with melanoma were more likely to be evacuated, even after adjustment for performance status (OR, 2.56 [95% CI, 1.14 to 5.72]), while patients with head and neck cancer were significantly less so (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.72]).

Conclusion: MedEvac program provides a viable model for medical evacuation and management of patients with cancer amid prolonged military conflict, highlighting the importance of international cooperation and setting a precedent for other crisis responses. Continuous evaluation and adaptation are essential to ensure the program's effectiveness and sustainability.

目的:在军事冲突期间,对受到严重破坏的医疗保健系统的即时反应往往会忽视需要持续专业护理的癌症患者的需求。2022 年 2 月俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰也不例外,导致许多乌克兰患者无法获得基本医疗服务:我们开展了一项回顾性队列研究,以评估 MedEvac 计划的影响,该计划为乌克兰癌症患者转往欧盟(EU)机构接受治疗提供了便利,我们还对其组成部分进行了描述。研究分析了乌克兰卫生部(MOH)数据库中的患者数据(2022 年 4 月至 2023 年 4 月):在卫生部数据库的 639 份申请中,339 份(53.1%)有足够的数据可供分析,其中 281 份(82.9%)被转送到欧盟医院。后送患者的中位年龄为 47(IQR,38-58)岁,大部分为新诊断患者(94.0%,n = 264)。撤离患者主要是为了接受系统性癌症治疗(81.9%,n = 230)。多变量逻辑回归分析显示,良好的表现状态(东部合作肿瘤学组 0-2)是与撤离相关的最重要因素(几率比 [OR],9.64 [95% CI,3.08 至 30.23])。黑色素瘤患者更有可能被后送,即使在对表现状态进行调整后也是如此(OR,2.56 [95% CI,1.14 至 5.72]),而头颈部癌症患者被后送的几率明显较低(OR,0.20 [95% CI,0.06 至 0.72]):MedEvac计划为长期军事冲突中癌症患者的医疗后送和管理提供了一个可行的模式,强调了国际合作的重要性,并为其他危机应对措施开创了先例。持续评估和调整对确保该计划的有效性和可持续性至关重要。
{"title":"Building an Effective International Medical Evacuation Program for Ukrainian Patients With Cancer Amid Prolonged Military Conflict.","authors":"Inesa Huivaniuk, Viacheslav Kopetskyi, Taras Ivanykovych, Andrei Nikiforchin, Darya Kizub, Marta Antoniv, Ali Dzhemiliev, Brittany Powell, Saar Yaniuta, Arman Kacharian, Anna Podolianko, Nelya Melnitchouk","doi":"10.1200/GO-24-00363","DOIUrl":"10.1200/GO-24-00363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>During military conflicts, the immediate response to a severely disrupted health care system often overlooks the needs of patients with cancer who require continuous specialized care. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 was no exception, leaving many Ukrainian patients without access to essential care.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of the MedEvac program, facilitating the transfer of Ukrainian patients with cancer to European Union (EU) institutions for treatment, and to describe its components. Patient data from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (MOH) database (April 2022-April 2023) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 639 applications in the MOH database, 339 (53.1%) had sufficient data for analysis and, of those, 281 (82.9%) were evacuated to EU hospitals. Median age of evacuated patients was 47 (IQR, 38-58) years and most were newly diagnosed (94.0%, n = 264). Predominantly, patients were evacuated for systemic cancer therapy (81.9%, n = 230). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0-2) was the most significant factor associated with evacuation (odds ratio [OR], 9.64 [95% CI, 3.08 to 30.23]). Patients with melanoma were more likely to be evacuated, even after adjustment for performance status (OR, 2.56 [95% CI, 1.14 to 5.72]), while patients with head and neck cancer were significantly less so (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.72]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MedEvac program provides a viable model for medical evacuation and management of patients with cancer amid prolonged military conflict, highlighting the importance of international cooperation and setting a precedent for other crisis responses. Continuous evaluation and adaptation are essential to ensure the program's effectiveness and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14806,"journal":{"name":"JCO Global Oncology","volume":"10 ","pages":"e2400363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Evaluation of Project Management Training for Cancer Research in Sub-Saharan Africa. 撒哈拉以南非洲癌症研究项目管理培训的开发与评估。
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1200/GO.24.00088
Elima Jedy-Agba, Caroline Andrews, Emeka Odiaka, Temitope Olukomogbon, Hayley Irusen, Isabella Rockson, Temilade Sorungbe, Marjorie Quarchie, Mohamed Jalloh, Alash'le Abimiku, Timothy R Rebbeck

Purpose: Globally, there were 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths, with the African continent contributing approximately 1.1 million new cases and over 700,000 deaths to the global cancer burden in 2020. High quality research is required to understand the etiology and risk factors for common cancers in the region to develop context specific strategies aimed at minimizing the future cancer burden in Africa. Our study addresses a significant gap in the knowledge and resources available for training a project management (PM) workforce for cancer research in Africa.

Methods: We developed and evaluated a training program to strengthen the research capacity of project managers involved in cancer research in Africa. This workshop was held in collaboration with the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP) Consortium. The PM working group of the MADCaP Consortium had previously developed a project manager toolkit to provide a structured approach to PM for cancer research in Africa. We implemented and evaluated this training toolkit in a hybrid workshop in Nigeria.

Results: Among 29 participants from 10 African institutions, PM skills improved after training by 16.6% compared with pretraining levels. In a 1-year follow-up survey, training skills remained better (80.8%) than before the training (70.8%). The training program successfully upskilled the trainees with a significant improvement in knowledge of PM practices including planning, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of projects. The majority (80%) reported an excellent training experience.

Conclusion: PM skills training can be successfully implemented in Africa with long-term retention of knowledge geared toward developing a workforce critical for the implementation of cancer research in the region.

目的:2020 年,全球新增癌症病例 1,930 万例,癌症死亡人数 1,000 万,其中非洲大陆新增癌症病例约 110 万例,癌症死亡人数超过 70 万。我们需要开展高质量的研究,以了解该地区常见癌症的病因和风险因素,从而制定针对具体情况的战略,最大限度地减轻非洲未来的癌症负担。我们的研究填补了非洲癌症研究项目管理(PM)人才培训方面的知识和资源空白:我们制定并评估了一项培训计划,以加强非洲癌症研究项目管理人员的研究能力。该研讨会是与非洲裔男性前列腺癌(MADCaP)联盟合作举办的。MADCaP 联合会的项目管理工作组之前开发了一个项目管理工具包,为非洲癌症研究的项目管理提供了一种结构化方法。我们在尼日利亚举办的混合研讨会上实施并评估了这一培训工具包:结果:在来自 10 个非洲机构的 29 名参与者中,项目管理技能在培训后比培训前提高了 16.6%。在为期一年的跟踪调查中,培训技能(80.8%)仍比培训前(70.8%)有所提高。培训计划成功地提高了受训人员的技能,使他们在项目管理实践(包括项目规划、执行、监控和评估)方面的知识有了显著提高。大多数学员(80%)表示培训体验非常好:项目管理技能培训可在非洲成功实施,并能长期保留知识,从而培养出一支对该地区癌症研究实施至关重要的人才队伍。
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Project Management Training for Cancer Research in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Elima Jedy-Agba, Caroline Andrews, Emeka Odiaka, Temitope Olukomogbon, Hayley Irusen, Isabella Rockson, Temilade Sorungbe, Marjorie Quarchie, Mohamed Jalloh, Alash'le Abimiku, Timothy R Rebbeck","doi":"10.1200/GO.24.00088","DOIUrl":"10.1200/GO.24.00088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Globally, there were 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths, with the African continent contributing approximately 1.1 million new cases and over 700,000 deaths to the global cancer burden in 2020. High quality research is required to understand the etiology and risk factors for common cancers in the region to develop context specific strategies aimed at minimizing the future cancer burden in Africa. Our study addresses a significant gap in the knowledge and resources available for training a project management (PM) workforce for cancer research in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed and evaluated a training program to strengthen the research capacity of project managers involved in cancer research in Africa. This workshop was held in collaboration with the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP) Consortium. The PM working group of the MADCaP Consortium had previously developed a project manager toolkit to provide a structured approach to PM for cancer research in Africa. We implemented and evaluated this training toolkit in a hybrid workshop in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 29 participants from 10 African institutions, PM skills improved after training by 16.6% compared with pretraining levels. In a 1-year follow-up survey, training skills remained better (80.8%) than before the training (70.8%). The training program successfully upskilled the trainees with a significant improvement in knowledge of PM practices including planning, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of projects. The majority (80%) reported an excellent training experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PM skills training can be successfully implemented in Africa with long-term retention of knowledge geared toward developing a workforce critical for the implementation of cancer research in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14806,"journal":{"name":"JCO Global Oncology","volume":"10 ","pages":"e2400088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine Learning to Predict Interim Response in Pediatric Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Affordable Blood Tests. 使用经济实惠的血液化验工具通过机器学习预测小儿典型霍奇金淋巴瘤的中期反应
IF 3.2 Q2 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1200/GO.23.00435
Jennifer A Geel, Artsiom Hramyka, Jan du Plessis, Yasmin Goga, Anel Van Zyl, Marc G Hendricks, Thanushree Naidoo, Rema Mathew, Lizette Louw, Amy Carr, Beverley Neethling, Tanya M Schickerling, Fareed Omar, Liezl Du Plessis, Elelwani Madzhia, Vhutshilo Netshituni, Katherine Eyal, Thandeka V Z Ngcana, Tom Kelsey, Daynia E Ballott, Monika L Metzger

Purpose: Response assessment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) with positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) is standard of care in well-resourced settings but unavailable in most African countries. We aimed to investigate correlations between changes in PET-CT findings at interim analysis with changes in blood test results in pediatric patients with cHL in 17 South African centers.

Methods: Changes in ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin, total white cell count (TWC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and absolute eosinophil count were compared with PET-CT Deauville scores (DS) after two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine in 84 pediatric patients with cHL. DS 1-3 denoted rapid early response (RER) while DS 4-5 denoted slow early response (SER). Missing values were imputed using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Baseline and follow-up blood test values were combined into a single difference variable. Data were split into training and testing sets for analysis using Python scikit-learn 1.2.2 with logistic regression, random forests, naïve Bayes, and support vector machine classifiers.

Results: Random forest analysis achieved the best validated test accuracy of 73% when predicting RER or SER from blood samples. When applied to the full data set, the optimal model had a predictive accuracy of 80% and a receiver operating characteristic AUC of 89%. The most predictive variable was the differences in ALC, contributing 21% to the model. Differences in ferritin, LDH, and TWC contributed 15%-16%. Differences in ESR, hemoglobin, and albumin contributed 11%-12%.

Conclusion: Changes in low-cost, widely available blood tests may predict chemosensitivity for pediatric cHL without access to PET-CT, identifying patients who may not require radiotherapy. Changes in these nonspecific blood tests should be assessed in combination with clinical findings and available imaging to avoid undertreatment.

目的:利用正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET-CT)对典型霍奇金淋巴瘤(cHL)进行反应评估是资源丰富地区的标准治疗方法,但在大多数非洲国家却无法实现。我们旨在研究南非 17 个中心的 cHL 儿童患者在中期分析时 PET-CT 结果的变化与血液检测结果变化之间的相关性:方法:在对 84 名儿童 cHL 患者进行两个周期的多柔比星、博来霉素、长春新碱和达卡巴嗪治疗后,将铁蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、红细胞沉降率 (ESR)、白蛋白、白细胞总数 (TWC)、淋巴细胞绝对计数 (ALC) 和嗜酸性粒细胞绝对计数的变化与 PET-CT 多维尔评分 (DS) 进行比较。DS 1-3 表示快速早期反应(RER),DS 4-5 表示缓慢早期反应(SER)。缺失值采用 k 最近邻算法进行归类。基线和随访血液测试值合并为一个差值变量。数据被分成训练集和测试集,使用 Python scikit-learn 1.2.2 和逻辑回归、随机森林、奈夫贝叶斯和支持向量机分类器进行分析:在预测血液样本中的 RER 或 SER 时,随机森林分析取得了 73% 的最佳验证测试准确率。当应用于完整数据集时,最佳模型的预测准确率为 80%,接受者操作特征 AUC 为 89%。最具预测性的变量是 ALC 的差异,对模型的贡献率为 21%。铁蛋白、LDH 和 TWC 的差异占 15%-16%。血沉、血红蛋白和白蛋白的差异占 11%-12%:结论:低成本、可广泛使用的血液检测项目的变化可预测未接受 PET-CT 治疗的小儿 cHL 的化疗敏感性,从而识别出可能不需要放疗的患者。这些非特异性血液检测指标的变化应结合临床结果和现有影像学资料进行评估,以避免治疗不当。
{"title":"Machine Learning to Predict Interim Response in Pediatric Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Affordable Blood Tests.","authors":"Jennifer A Geel, Artsiom Hramyka, Jan du Plessis, Yasmin Goga, Anel Van Zyl, Marc G Hendricks, Thanushree Naidoo, Rema Mathew, Lizette Louw, Amy Carr, Beverley Neethling, Tanya M Schickerling, Fareed Omar, Liezl Du Plessis, Elelwani Madzhia, Vhutshilo Netshituni, Katherine Eyal, Thandeka V Z Ngcana, Tom Kelsey, Daynia E Ballott, Monika L Metzger","doi":"10.1200/GO.23.00435","DOIUrl":"10.1200/GO.23.00435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Response assessment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) with positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) is standard of care in well-resourced settings but unavailable in most African countries. We aimed to investigate correlations between changes in PET-CT findings at interim analysis with changes in blood test results in pediatric patients with cHL in 17 South African centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Changes in ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin, total white cell count (TWC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and absolute eosinophil count were compared with PET-CT Deauville scores (DS) after two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine in 84 pediatric patients with cHL. DS 1-3 denoted rapid early response (RER) while DS 4-5 denoted slow early response (SER). Missing values were imputed using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Baseline and follow-up blood test values were combined into a single difference variable. Data were split into training and testing sets for analysis using Python scikit-learn 1.2.2 with logistic regression, random forests, naïve Bayes, and support vector machine classifiers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Random forest analysis achieved the best validated test accuracy of 73% when predicting RER or SER from blood samples. When applied to the full data set, the optimal model had a predictive accuracy of 80% and a receiver operating characteristic AUC of 89%. The most predictive variable was the differences in ALC, contributing 21% to the model. Differences in ferritin, LDH, and TWC contributed 15%-16%. Differences in ESR, hemoglobin, and albumin contributed 11%-12%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in low-cost, widely available blood tests may predict chemosensitivity for pediatric cHL without access to PET-CT, identifying patients who may not require radiotherapy. Changes in these nonspecific blood tests should be assessed in combination with clinical findings and available imaging to avoid undertreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14806,"journal":{"name":"JCO Global Oncology","volume":"10 ","pages":"e2300435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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JCO Global Oncology
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