A J Kirby, A Muñoz, R Detels, J A Armstrong, A Saah, J P Phair
The occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with high CD4+ counts indicates poor immunologic function. Thrush and persistent fever, easily recognized clinically, are potential measures of immunocompetence. This analysis establishes the complex interactions of CD4+ count, thrush, and persistent fever to predict the occurrence of PCP. Analyses used 20,632 person visits from 2,568 HIV-1-seropositive homosexual or bisexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Comprehensive examinations were conducted semiannually, while occurrences of PCP were assessed continuously. The occurrence of thrush and fever increase in frequency as CD4+ levels decrease. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of thrush compared with the absence of thrush rises (p < 0.05) from 1 for the lowest CD4+ category to approximately 5 in the highest categories. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of fever compared with the absence of fever is above one (p < 0.05) in all CD4+ categories. No cases of PCP occurred in individuals on PCP prophylaxis with CD4+ counts > 200/mm3. These results suggest that HIV-1-related symptoms provide a measure of failing immune function that is not reflected by enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes alone and support the United States Public Health Service recommendation that symptomatic individuals with CD4+ counts > 200/mm3 should be considered for PCP prophylaxis.
{"title":"Thrush and fever as measures of immunocompetence in HIV-1-infected men.","authors":"A J Kirby, A Muñoz, R Detels, J A Armstrong, A Saah, J P Phair","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with high CD4+ counts indicates poor immunologic function. Thrush and persistent fever, easily recognized clinically, are potential measures of immunocompetence. This analysis establishes the complex interactions of CD4+ count, thrush, and persistent fever to predict the occurrence of PCP. Analyses used 20,632 person visits from 2,568 HIV-1-seropositive homosexual or bisexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Comprehensive examinations were conducted semiannually, while occurrences of PCP were assessed continuously. The occurrence of thrush and fever increase in frequency as CD4+ levels decrease. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of thrush compared with the absence of thrush rises (p < 0.05) from 1 for the lowest CD4+ category to approximately 5 in the highest categories. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of fever compared with the absence of fever is above one (p < 0.05) in all CD4+ categories. No cases of PCP occurred in individuals on PCP prophylaxis with CD4+ counts > 200/mm3. These results suggest that HIV-1-related symptoms provide a measure of failing immune function that is not reflected by enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes alone and support the United States Public Health Service recommendation that symptomatic individuals with CD4+ counts > 200/mm3 should be considered for PCP prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1242-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18960769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B J Turner, L E Markson, L J McKee, R Houchens, T Fanning
The aim of this study was to define predictors of survival for women and men after AIDS diagnosis. We examined health care delivery and drug therapy in the year before AIDS diagnosis for continuously enrolled New York State Medicaid beneficiaries with AIDS in 1988-1990. We examined the association of these factors with survival after AIDS diagnosis. Of 1,077 women and 1,871 men, 60% of both gender groups were drug users. In both risk groups, women had more outpatient visits than men but were equally likely to visit an AIDS specialist. In those who were not drug users, men were twice as likely as women to receive either zidovudine or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. No difference appeared among drug users. Survival after AIDS diagnosis was similar by gender for those who were not drug users (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.90-1.33). In drug users, women had a slightly lower risk of death than men (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72-0.98). Risk of death after AIDS diagnosis was higher for persons starting zidovudine earlier in both risk groups. Among drug users, women received more ambulatory care and survived slightly longer than men. Among those who were not drug users, survival was similar by gender even after adjusting for differences in care.
本研究的目的是确定艾滋病诊断后女性和男性生存的预测因素。我们检查了1988-1990年连续登记的纽约州医疗补助受益人艾滋病患者在艾滋病诊断前一年的医疗服务和药物治疗。我们研究了这些因素与艾滋病诊断后生存的关系。在1,077名女性和1,871名男性中,两种性别群体中都有60%是吸毒者。在这两个风险组中,女性比男性有更多的门诊就诊,但同样有可能去看艾滋病专家。在非吸毒者中,男性接受齐多夫定或卡氏肺囊虫肺炎预防治疗的可能性是女性的两倍。吸毒者之间没有差异。非吸毒者艾滋病患者的性别生存率相似(RR = 1.09;95% ci = 0.90-1.33)。在吸毒者中,女性的死亡风险略低于男性(RR = 0.84;95% ci = 0.72-0.98)。在两个危险组中,较早开始使用齐多夫定的人在诊断出艾滋病后死亡的风险较高。在吸毒者中,女性接受了更多的门诊治疗,存活时间略长于男性。在不吸毒的人群中,即使在调整了护理差异后,性别差异的生存率也是相似的。
{"title":"Health care delivery, zidovudine use, and survival of women and men with AIDS.","authors":"B J Turner, L E Markson, L J McKee, R Houchens, T Fanning","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to define predictors of survival for women and men after AIDS diagnosis. We examined health care delivery and drug therapy in the year before AIDS diagnosis for continuously enrolled New York State Medicaid beneficiaries with AIDS in 1988-1990. We examined the association of these factors with survival after AIDS diagnosis. Of 1,077 women and 1,871 men, 60% of both gender groups were drug users. In both risk groups, women had more outpatient visits than men but were equally likely to visit an AIDS specialist. In those who were not drug users, men were twice as likely as women to receive either zidovudine or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. No difference appeared among drug users. Survival after AIDS diagnosis was similar by gender for those who were not drug users (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.90-1.33). In drug users, women had a slightly lower risk of death than men (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72-0.98). Risk of death after AIDS diagnosis was higher for persons starting zidovudine earlier in both risk groups. Among drug users, women received more ambulatory care and survived slightly longer than men. Among those who were not drug users, survival was similar by gender even after adjusting for differences in care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1250-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18960770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R Detels, Z Liu, K Hennessey, J Kan, B R Visscher, J M Taylor, D R Hoover, C R Rinaldo, J P Phair, A J Saah
Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were classified as "susceptible" and "resistant" to HIV infection. Resistant men were still HIV antibody negative in 1993 and were estimated to have had > 45 different anal intercourse partners (median, 92; range, 46-504) in the 2.5 years before visit 2 (1985). Susceptible men were seroconverters who were estimated to have had < 13 different anal partners (median, 4; range, 0-12). Leukocyte groups were compared between the two groups of men. Values were excluded for 12 months before the first antibody-positive visit in the susceptible men. White blood cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, total lymphocyte count, CD8+ percentage and number, and CD3+ and CD4+ number were higher in the resistant men. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop 50 bivariate models. Higher levels of neutrophils and CD8+ cells were included in four of the six best-fitting bivariate models, suggesting that each is associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection. These results support the hypothesis that CD8+ cells may modulate the outcome of HIV-1 exposure.
{"title":"Resistance to HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.","authors":"R Detels, Z Liu, K Hennessey, J Kan, B R Visscher, J M Taylor, D R Hoover, C R Rinaldo, J P Phair, A J Saah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were classified as \"susceptible\" and \"resistant\" to HIV infection. Resistant men were still HIV antibody negative in 1993 and were estimated to have had > 45 different anal intercourse partners (median, 92; range, 46-504) in the 2.5 years before visit 2 (1985). Susceptible men were seroconverters who were estimated to have had < 13 different anal partners (median, 4; range, 0-12). Leukocyte groups were compared between the two groups of men. Values were excluded for 12 months before the first antibody-positive visit in the susceptible men. White blood cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, total lymphocyte count, CD8+ percentage and number, and CD3+ and CD4+ number were higher in the resistant men. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop 50 bivariate models. Higher levels of neutrophils and CD8+ cells were included in four of the six best-fitting bivariate models, suggesting that each is associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection. These results support the hypothesis that CD8+ cells may modulate the outcome of HIV-1 exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1263-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18960771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data are presented from serologic screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in all blood donors (n = 3,696) in Gonder, Ethiopia, between 1989 and 1993. The crude seroprevalence was 10.6% in men (326 of 3,066) and 11.9% in women (75 of 630). Seroprevalence in male donors increased from 3.8% in 1989 to 16.0% in 1993 (p = 0.001); in female donors, seroprevalence increased from 7.0% in 1989 to 16.8% in 1992 (p = 0.002) and decreased to 13.4% in 1993. Syphilis seroreactivity increased from 4.8% in 1991 to 9.2% in 1993 (p = 0.02). HIV-1-seropositive donors were more likely to be seroreactive for syphilis than HIV-1-negative donors (odds ratio = 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-3.22). Therefore, there is an urgent need for control programs for both infections.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis antibodies in blood donors in Gonder, Ethiopia, 1989-1993.","authors":"A Assefa, S Rahlenbeck, K Molla, S Alemu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data are presented from serologic screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in all blood donors (n = 3,696) in Gonder, Ethiopia, between 1989 and 1993. The crude seroprevalence was 10.6% in men (326 of 3,066) and 11.9% in women (75 of 630). Seroprevalence in male donors increased from 3.8% in 1989 to 16.0% in 1993 (p = 0.001); in female donors, seroprevalence increased from 7.0% in 1989 to 16.8% in 1992 (p = 0.002) and decreased to 13.4% in 1993. Syphilis seroreactivity increased from 4.8% in 1991 to 9.2% in 1993 (p = 0.02). HIV-1-seropositive donors were more likely to be seroreactive for syphilis than HIV-1-negative donors (odds ratio = 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-3.22). Therefore, there is an urgent need for control programs for both infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1282-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18960774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-12-01DOI: 10.1097/00126334-199412000-00011
J P Viard, H Chabre, J F Bach
{"title":"Autoantibodies to nucleosomes in HIV-1-infected patients.","authors":"J P Viard, H Chabre, J F Bach","doi":"10.1097/00126334-199412000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00126334-199412000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1286-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00126334-199412000-00011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18960775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A N Phillips, C A Sabin, J Elford, M Bofill, G Janossy, C A Lee
{"title":"T lymphocyte homeostasis after HIV seroconversion.","authors":"A N Phillips, C A Sabin, J Elford, M Bofill, G Janossy, C A Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1292-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18960779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the function of the Vif protein of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), mutations were introduced into the SIVmac239 vif gene without affecting the reading frames of other overlapping genes. The phenotypes of these mutant viruses were examined with respect to viral replication and the expression and processing of viral proteins. Transfection of vif-mutant proviral DNA into established T cell lines resulted in a significant delay in the onset of virus replication compared to that seen with the wild-type provirus. The efficiency of replication of the vif-mutant virus was dependent on cell type. MT-4 cells were permissive for replication of the vif mutant, while replication in CEMx174 cells was severely restricted. Little or no virus replication was observed following cell-free infection of the CEMx174 cell line and macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These results indicate that the requirement for vif during the replication of SIVmac239 is dependent on cell type, as has been observed for HIV-1. Following cell-free infection, mutant viruses containing combined deletions in vif and the other regulatory genes (vpx, vpr, and nef) displayed replication kinetics similar to that of viruses containing the deletion of vif alone. Viral protein expression and processing in MT-4 cells of vif-deleted viruses were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type virus. The effects of two different point mutations in vif were examined. One point mutant in vif reverted to the genetic sequence of the wild-type virus within 2 weeks.2 +
{"title":"Effects of vif mutations on cell-free infectivity and replication of simian immunodeficiency virus.","authors":"I W Park, K Myrick, J Sodroski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the function of the Vif protein of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), mutations were introduced into the SIVmac239 vif gene without affecting the reading frames of other overlapping genes. The phenotypes of these mutant viruses were examined with respect to viral replication and the expression and processing of viral proteins. Transfection of vif-mutant proviral DNA into established T cell lines resulted in a significant delay in the onset of virus replication compared to that seen with the wild-type provirus. The efficiency of replication of the vif-mutant virus was dependent on cell type. MT-4 cells were permissive for replication of the vif mutant, while replication in CEMx174 cells was severely restricted. Little or no virus replication was observed following cell-free infection of the CEMx174 cell line and macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These results indicate that the requirement for vif during the replication of SIVmac239 is dependent on cell type, as has been observed for HIV-1. Following cell-free infection, mutant viruses containing combined deletions in vif and the other regulatory genes (vpx, vpr, and nef) displayed replication kinetics similar to that of viruses containing the deletion of vif alone. Viral protein expression and processing in MT-4 cells of vif-deleted viruses were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type virus. The effects of two different point mutations in vif were examined. One point mutant in vif reverted to the genetic sequence of the wild-type virus within 2 weeks.2 +</p>","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1228-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18963447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J K Carr, N Sirisopana, K Torugsa, A Jugsudee, T Supapongse, C Chuenchitra, S Nitayaphan, P Singharaj, J G McNeil
Royal Thai Army (RTA) enlistees were tested for HIV-1 seropositivity prospectively in order to explore their feasibility as a cohort in an HIV-1 preventive vaccine efficacy trial. The 17,615 seronegative enlistees, virtually all 21-year-old men, contributed 10,409 person-years (p-y) of follow-up. Cohorts were enlisted in November 1991 and May 1992 from northern Thailand and Bangkok. The follow-up rate was 50%, with loss to follow-up significantly associated with location of the base, marital status, and educational level. Seroincidence was 0.5/100 p-y for recruits stationed in Bangkok, 1.0/100 p-y in the lower north, and 3.2/100 p-y in the upper north. In a multiple regression model, the young man's birthplace was strongly associated with risk of infection, suggesting that transmission occurred during leave as well as during duty. Incidence rates were significantly lower in those who were married at the time of enlistment and in those with > or = 10 years of education. The seroincidence rates among recruits stationed in the upper north support vaccine trial feasibility, but follow-up rates need to be improved.
{"title":"Incidence of HIV-1 infection among young men in Thailand.","authors":"J K Carr, N Sirisopana, K Torugsa, A Jugsudee, T Supapongse, C Chuenchitra, S Nitayaphan, P Singharaj, J G McNeil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Royal Thai Army (RTA) enlistees were tested for HIV-1 seropositivity prospectively in order to explore their feasibility as a cohort in an HIV-1 preventive vaccine efficacy trial. The 17,615 seronegative enlistees, virtually all 21-year-old men, contributed 10,409 person-years (p-y) of follow-up. Cohorts were enlisted in November 1991 and May 1992 from northern Thailand and Bangkok. The follow-up rate was 50%, with loss to follow-up significantly associated with location of the base, marital status, and educational level. Seroincidence was 0.5/100 p-y for recruits stationed in Bangkok, 1.0/100 p-y in the lower north, and 3.2/100 p-y in the upper north. In a multiple regression model, the young man's birthplace was strongly associated with risk of infection, suggesting that transmission occurred during leave as well as during duty. Incidence rates were significantly lower in those who were married at the time of enlistment and in those with > or = 10 years of education. The seroincidence rates among recruits stationed in the upper north support vaccine trial feasibility, but follow-up rates need to be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1270-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18960772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O C Ferreira, G Suleiman, C Brites, P Novoa, M Piovesana, J Suleiman, R H Kanayama, T R Russel, R Zwerner, W Harrington
We compared the performance of a rapid and simple anti-CD4 antibody-coated microsphere assay with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence for quantitation of absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocytes. A longitudinal evaluation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry and microsphere assay in 10 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and 59 HIV-seropositive individuals was conducted over a period of 9 months. Standard flow cytometry analysis was performed to establish the absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. The microsphere assay uses whole blood; CD14+ and CD4+ cells are first blocked by small latex beads coated with anti-CD14 antibody, and remaining cells are stained with larger anti-CD4 antibody-coated beads. Cells rosetted with only anti-CD4 antibody-coated beads are counted with use of a hemacytometer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed by standard techniques with use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The predictive value for stratification of HIV-seropositive patients by CD4+ T-lymphocyte values of < 200/microliters was 95% when the microsphere method was compared with flow cytometry. A correlation coefficient of 0.91 between the two assay methods was demonstrated in 281 CD4+ T-lymphocyte tests for absolute count. Finally, the flow cytometry method yielded better results than did the microsphere assay and immunofluorescence microscopy, in descending order of accuracy. The microsphere method should be effective in determining absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in developing countries where, for a variety of reasons, no other method can be reliably performed.
{"title":"A rapid and reliable assay to enumerate CD4+ T lymphocytes in whole blood.","authors":"O C Ferreira, G Suleiman, C Brites, P Novoa, M Piovesana, J Suleiman, R H Kanayama, T R Russel, R Zwerner, W Harrington","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We compared the performance of a rapid and simple anti-CD4 antibody-coated microsphere assay with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence for quantitation of absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocytes. A longitudinal evaluation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry and microsphere assay in 10 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and 59 HIV-seropositive individuals was conducted over a period of 9 months. Standard flow cytometry analysis was performed to establish the absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. The microsphere assay uses whole blood; CD14+ and CD4+ cells are first blocked by small latex beads coated with anti-CD14 antibody, and remaining cells are stained with larger anti-CD4 antibody-coated beads. Cells rosetted with only anti-CD4 antibody-coated beads are counted with use of a hemacytometer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed by standard techniques with use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The predictive value for stratification of HIV-seropositive patients by CD4+ T-lymphocyte values of < 200/microliters was 95% when the microsphere method was compared with flow cytometry. A correlation coefficient of 0.91 between the two assay methods was demonstrated in 281 CD4+ T-lymphocyte tests for absolute count. Finally, the flow cytometry method yielded better results than did the microsphere assay and immunofluorescence microscopy, in descending order of accuracy. The microsphere method should be effective in determining absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in developing countries where, for a variety of reasons, no other method can be reliably performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 12","pages":"1224-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18963446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epiglottitis as a manifestation of acute HIV infection.","authors":"B K Pedersen, C Pedersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1210-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}