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Thrush and fever as measures of immunocompetence in HIV-1-infected men. 鹅口疮和发热作为hiv -1感染男性免疫能力的指标。
A J Kirby, A Muñoz, R Detels, J A Armstrong, A Saah, J P Phair

The occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with high CD4+ counts indicates poor immunologic function. Thrush and persistent fever, easily recognized clinically, are potential measures of immunocompetence. This analysis establishes the complex interactions of CD4+ count, thrush, and persistent fever to predict the occurrence of PCP. Analyses used 20,632 person visits from 2,568 HIV-1-seropositive homosexual or bisexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Comprehensive examinations were conducted semiannually, while occurrences of PCP were assessed continuously. The occurrence of thrush and fever increase in frequency as CD4+ levels decrease. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of thrush compared with the absence of thrush rises (p < 0.05) from 1 for the lowest CD4+ category to approximately 5 in the highest categories. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of fever compared with the absence of fever is above one (p < 0.05) in all CD4+ categories. No cases of PCP occurred in individuals on PCP prophylaxis with CD4+ counts > 200/mm3. These results suggest that HIV-1-related symptoms provide a measure of failing immune function that is not reflected by enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes alone and support the United States Public Health Service recommendation that symptomatic individuals with CD4+ counts > 200/mm3 should be considered for PCP prophylaxis.

CD4+计数高的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)感染个体发生卡氏肺囊虫肺炎(PCP)表明免疫功能差。鹅口疮和持续发热,临床上容易识别,是免疫能力的潜在指标。该分析建立了CD4+计数、鹅口疮和持续发热的复杂相互作用,以预测PCP的发生。分析使用了参与多中心艾滋病队列研究(MACS)的2568名hiv -1血清阳性同性恋或双性恋男性的20,632名患者。每半年进行一次综合检查,并持续评估PCP的发生情况。随着CD4+水平的降低,鹅口疮和发热的发生频率增加。与没有鹅口疮相比,存在鹅口疮时PCP的相对危险性从CD4+最低类别的1上升到最高类别的约5 (p < 0.05)。在所有CD4+类别中,发热与不发热时PCP的相对危险度均大于1 (p < 0.05)。CD4+计数> 200/mm3的PCP预防组无PCP病例发生。这些结果表明,hiv -1相关症状提供了一种免疫功能衰竭的测量方法,而CD4+淋巴细胞计数不能单独反映出来,并支持美国公共卫生服务的建议,即CD4+计数> 200/mm3的症状个体应考虑进行PCP预防。
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引用次数: 0
Health care delivery, zidovudine use, and survival of women and men with AIDS. 卫生保健的提供、齐多夫定的使用与艾滋病男女患者的生存。
B J Turner, L E Markson, L J McKee, R Houchens, T Fanning

The aim of this study was to define predictors of survival for women and men after AIDS diagnosis. We examined health care delivery and drug therapy in the year before AIDS diagnosis for continuously enrolled New York State Medicaid beneficiaries with AIDS in 1988-1990. We examined the association of these factors with survival after AIDS diagnosis. Of 1,077 women and 1,871 men, 60% of both gender groups were drug users. In both risk groups, women had more outpatient visits than men but were equally likely to visit an AIDS specialist. In those who were not drug users, men were twice as likely as women to receive either zidovudine or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. No difference appeared among drug users. Survival after AIDS diagnosis was similar by gender for those who were not drug users (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.90-1.33). In drug users, women had a slightly lower risk of death than men (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72-0.98). Risk of death after AIDS diagnosis was higher for persons starting zidovudine earlier in both risk groups. Among drug users, women received more ambulatory care and survived slightly longer than men. Among those who were not drug users, survival was similar by gender even after adjusting for differences in care.

本研究的目的是确定艾滋病诊断后女性和男性生存的预测因素。我们检查了1988-1990年连续登记的纽约州医疗补助受益人艾滋病患者在艾滋病诊断前一年的医疗服务和药物治疗。我们研究了这些因素与艾滋病诊断后生存的关系。在1,077名女性和1,871名男性中,两种性别群体中都有60%是吸毒者。在这两个风险组中,女性比男性有更多的门诊就诊,但同样有可能去看艾滋病专家。在非吸毒者中,男性接受齐多夫定或卡氏肺囊虫肺炎预防治疗的可能性是女性的两倍。吸毒者之间没有差异。非吸毒者艾滋病患者的性别生存率相似(RR = 1.09;95% ci = 0.90-1.33)。在吸毒者中,女性的死亡风险略低于男性(RR = 0.84;95% ci = 0.72-0.98)。在两个危险组中,较早开始使用齐多夫定的人在诊断出艾滋病后死亡的风险较高。在吸毒者中,女性接受了更多的门诊治疗,存活时间略长于男性。在不吸毒的人群中,即使在调整了护理差异后,性别差异的生存率也是相似的。
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引用次数: 0
Resistance to HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. 抵抗HIV-1感染。多中心艾滋病队列研究。
R Detels, Z Liu, K Hennessey, J Kan, B R Visscher, J M Taylor, D R Hoover, C R Rinaldo, J P Phair, A J Saah

Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were classified as "susceptible" and "resistant" to HIV infection. Resistant men were still HIV antibody negative in 1993 and were estimated to have had > 45 different anal intercourse partners (median, 92; range, 46-504) in the 2.5 years before visit 2 (1985). Susceptible men were seroconverters who were estimated to have had < 13 different anal partners (median, 4; range, 0-12). Leukocyte groups were compared between the two groups of men. Values were excluded for 12 months before the first antibody-positive visit in the susceptible men. White blood cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, total lymphocyte count, CD8+ percentage and number, and CD3+ and CD4+ number were higher in the resistant men. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop 50 bivariate models. Higher levels of neutrophils and CD8+ cells were included in four of the six best-fitting bivariate models, suggesting that each is associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection. These results support the hypothesis that CD8+ cells may modulate the outcome of HIV-1 exposure.

来自多中心艾滋病队列研究的男性被分为“易感”和“耐药”两类。1993年,抵抗者仍为HIV抗体阴性,估计有超过45个不同的肛交伴侣(中位数,92;范围,46-504)在访问2(1985)之前的2.5年。易感男性是服务转换者,估计有< 13个不同的肛门伴侣(中位数,4;范围,经历)。比较两组男性的白细胞群。排除易感男性首次抗体阳性访视前12个月的值。白细胞、多形核中性粒细胞、总淋巴细胞计数、CD8+百分比和数量、CD3+和CD4+数量在耐药男性中较高。采用Logistic回归分析建立了50个双变量模型。较高水平的中性粒细胞和CD8+细胞被包括在六个最合适的双变量模型中的四个中,这表明它们都与HIV-1感染的抵抗力有关。这些结果支持了CD8+细胞可能调节HIV-1暴露结果的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Seroprevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis antibodies in blood donors in Gonder, Ethiopia, 1989-1993. 1989-1993年埃塞俄比亚贡德尔献血者中HIV-1和梅毒抗体的血清阳性率
A Assefa, S Rahlenbeck, K Molla, S Alemu

Data are presented from serologic screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in all blood donors (n = 3,696) in Gonder, Ethiopia, between 1989 and 1993. The crude seroprevalence was 10.6% in men (326 of 3,066) and 11.9% in women (75 of 630). Seroprevalence in male donors increased from 3.8% in 1989 to 16.0% in 1993 (p = 0.001); in female donors, seroprevalence increased from 7.0% in 1989 to 16.8% in 1992 (p = 0.002) and decreased to 13.4% in 1993. Syphilis seroreactivity increased from 4.8% in 1991 to 9.2% in 1993 (p = 0.02). HIV-1-seropositive donors were more likely to be seroreactive for syphilis than HIV-1-negative donors (odds ratio = 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-3.22). Therefore, there is an urgent need for control programs for both infections.

数据来自1989年至1993年间埃塞俄比亚贡德尔所有献血者(n = 3,696)的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)血清学筛查。男性的粗血清患病率为10.6%(3066人中有326人),女性为11.9%(630人中有75人)。男性献血者的血清阳性率从1989年的3.8%上升到1993年的16.0% (p = 0.001);在女性献血者中,血清阳性率从1989年的7.0%上升到1992年的16.8% (p = 0.002), 1993年下降到13.4%。梅毒血清反应率从1991年的4.8%上升到1993年的9.2% (p = 0.02)。hiv -1血清阳性献血者比hiv -1阴性献血者更有可能出现梅毒血清反应(优势比= 2.36;95%置信区间,1.73-3.22)。因此,迫切需要对这两种感染制定控制方案。
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引用次数: 0
Autoantibodies to nucleosomes in HIV-1-infected patients. hiv -1感染患者的核小体自身抗体。
Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-199412000-00011
J P Viard, H Chabre, J F Bach
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引用次数: 7
T lymphocyte homeostasis after HIV seroconversion. HIV血清转化后的T淋巴细胞稳态。
A N Phillips, C A Sabin, J Elford, M Bofill, G Janossy, C A Lee
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引用次数: 0
Effects of vif mutations on cell-free infectivity and replication of simian immunodeficiency virus. vif突变对猴免疫缺陷病毒无细胞感染性和复制的影响。
I W Park, K Myrick, J Sodroski

To investigate the function of the Vif protein of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), mutations were introduced into the SIVmac239 vif gene without affecting the reading frames of other overlapping genes. The phenotypes of these mutant viruses were examined with respect to viral replication and the expression and processing of viral proteins. Transfection of vif-mutant proviral DNA into established T cell lines resulted in a significant delay in the onset of virus replication compared to that seen with the wild-type provirus. The efficiency of replication of the vif-mutant virus was dependent on cell type. MT-4 cells were permissive for replication of the vif mutant, while replication in CEMx174 cells was severely restricted. Little or no virus replication was observed following cell-free infection of the CEMx174 cell line and macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These results indicate that the requirement for vif during the replication of SIVmac239 is dependent on cell type, as has been observed for HIV-1. Following cell-free infection, mutant viruses containing combined deletions in vif and the other regulatory genes (vpx, vpr, and nef) displayed replication kinetics similar to that of viruses containing the deletion of vif alone. Viral protein expression and processing in MT-4 cells of vif-deleted viruses were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type virus. The effects of two different point mutations in vif were examined. One point mutant in vif reverted to the genetic sequence of the wild-type virus within 2 weeks.2 +

为了研究猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV) Vif蛋白的功能,在不影响其他重叠基因阅读框的情况下,将突变引入SIVmac239 Vif基因。这些突变病毒的表型被检查与病毒复制和病毒蛋白的表达和加工。将病毒突变的原病毒DNA转染到已建立的T细胞系中,与野生型原病毒相比,病毒复制的开始明显延迟。vif突变病毒的复制效率取决于细胞类型。MT-4细胞允许vif突变体的复制,而CEMx174细胞的复制受到严重限制。在无细胞感染CEMx174细胞系和猕猴外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)后,观察到很少或没有病毒复制。这些结果表明,SIVmac239复制过程中对vif的需求依赖于细胞类型,正如在HIV-1中观察到的那样。在无细胞感染后,含有vif和其他调控基因(vpx、vpr和nef)联合缺失的突变病毒表现出与单独含有vif缺失的病毒相似的复制动力学。病毒蛋白在MT-4细胞中的表达和加工与野生型病毒没有区别。研究了两种不同点突变对vif的影响。一个点突变体在2周内恢复到野生型病毒的基因序列。2 +
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引用次数: 0
Incidence of HIV-1 infection among young men in Thailand. 泰国年轻男性中HIV-1感染的发生率。
J K Carr, N Sirisopana, K Torugsa, A Jugsudee, T Supapongse, C Chuenchitra, S Nitayaphan, P Singharaj, J G McNeil

Royal Thai Army (RTA) enlistees were tested for HIV-1 seropositivity prospectively in order to explore their feasibility as a cohort in an HIV-1 preventive vaccine efficacy trial. The 17,615 seronegative enlistees, virtually all 21-year-old men, contributed 10,409 person-years (p-y) of follow-up. Cohorts were enlisted in November 1991 and May 1992 from northern Thailand and Bangkok. The follow-up rate was 50%, with loss to follow-up significantly associated with location of the base, marital status, and educational level. Seroincidence was 0.5/100 p-y for recruits stationed in Bangkok, 1.0/100 p-y in the lower north, and 3.2/100 p-y in the upper north. In a multiple regression model, the young man's birthplace was strongly associated with risk of infection, suggesting that transmission occurred during leave as well as during duty. Incidence rates were significantly lower in those who were married at the time of enlistment and in those with > or = 10 years of education. The seroincidence rates among recruits stationed in the upper north support vaccine trial feasibility, but follow-up rates need to be improved.

对泰国皇家陆军(RTA)士兵进行HIV-1血清阳性前瞻性检测,以探讨其作为HIV-1预防性疫苗有效性试验队列的可行性。17615名血清阴性的士兵,几乎都是21岁的男性,随访时间为10409人年(p-y)。队列于1991年11月和1992年5月从泰国北部和曼谷征募。随访率为50%,随访损失与基地所在地、婚姻状况和教育水平显著相关。驻扎在曼谷的新兵血清发病率为0.5/100 p-y,下北部为1.0/100 p-y,上北部为3.2/100 p-y。在多元回归模型中,该年轻人的出生地与感染风险密切相关,这表明传播既发生在休假期间,也发生在值班期间。在入伍时已婚和受教育年限>或= 10年的人群中,发病率明显较低。驻扎在北部北部地区的新兵血清发病率支持疫苗试验的可行性,但随访率有待提高。
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引用次数: 0
A rapid and reliable assay to enumerate CD4+ T lymphocytes in whole blood. 一种快速可靠的全血CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数方法。
O C Ferreira, G Suleiman, C Brites, P Novoa, M Piovesana, J Suleiman, R H Kanayama, T R Russel, R Zwerner, W Harrington

We compared the performance of a rapid and simple anti-CD4 antibody-coated microsphere assay with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence for quantitation of absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocytes. A longitudinal evaluation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry and microsphere assay in 10 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and 59 HIV-seropositive individuals was conducted over a period of 9 months. Standard flow cytometry analysis was performed to establish the absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. The microsphere assay uses whole blood; CD14+ and CD4+ cells are first blocked by small latex beads coated with anti-CD14 antibody, and remaining cells are stained with larger anti-CD4 antibody-coated beads. Cells rosetted with only anti-CD4 antibody-coated beads are counted with use of a hemacytometer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed by standard techniques with use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The predictive value for stratification of HIV-seropositive patients by CD4+ T-lymphocyte values of < 200/microliters was 95% when the microsphere method was compared with flow cytometry. A correlation coefficient of 0.91 between the two assay methods was demonstrated in 281 CD4+ T-lymphocyte tests for absolute count. Finally, the flow cytometry method yielded better results than did the microsphere assay and immunofluorescence microscopy, in descending order of accuracy. The microsphere method should be effective in determining absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in developing countries where, for a variety of reasons, no other method can be reliably performed.

我们比较了快速和简单的抗CD4抗体包被微球测定与流式细胞术和免疫荧光定量CD4+ T淋巴细胞绝对计数的性能。用流式细胞术和微球法对10例人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)血清阴性和59例HIV血清阳性个体的CD4+ T淋巴细胞进行了为期9个月的纵向评估。采用标准流式细胞术测定CD4+ t淋巴细胞绝对计数。微球法使用全血;CD14+和CD4+细胞首先被涂有抗CD14抗体的小乳胶珠阻断,剩余细胞用涂有抗CD4抗体的大乳胶珠染色。仅用抗cd4抗体包被珠结的细胞用血细胞计计数。免疫荧光显微镜采用标准技术,使用外周血单个核细胞。与流式细胞术比较,CD4+ t淋巴细胞值< 200/微升对hiv血清阳性患者分层的预测价值为95%。在281例CD4+ t淋巴细胞绝对计数中,两种检测方法的相关系数为0.91。最后,流式细胞术比微球法和免疫荧光显微镜的准确度由高到低。在发展中国家,由于各种原因,没有其他方法可以可靠地执行,微球法应该是确定CD4+ t淋巴细胞绝对计数的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Epiglottitis as a manifestation of acute HIV infection. 会厌炎是急性HIV感染的一种表现。
B K Pedersen, C Pedersen
{"title":"Epiglottitis as a manifestation of acute HIV infection.","authors":"B K Pedersen,&nbsp;C Pedersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1210-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
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