Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-68-75
I. Veprinyak, S. Koshkin
{"title":"Analytical presentation of sea ice’s temperature profile in spring-summer period on the northern sea route","authors":"I. Veprinyak, S. Koshkin","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115399122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-4-49-56
O. V. Ageev, V. Naumov, J. A. Fatykhov, N. V. Samojlova
The approach to research of deformation friction forces during chilled fish cutting is proposed. The viscoelastic properties of chilled fish raw material are described by a three-element rheological model. The mathematical description of the knife rough surface profile in the form of a dimensionless periodic function with three harmonics has been used. The dimensionless contact pressures over the microprotrusions of the cutting body rough surface from the material has been analyzed. A mathematical model for computation the dimensional and dimensionless friction forces has been developed. It is shown that with an increase in the processing speed, the deformation component of the friction force tends to zero. Up to a certain sliding speed there is a full contact of the material with the irregularities of the edge. With an increase in elasticity and lengthening of the edge of the knife the considerated force increases monotonously. The dependence of the dimensionless width of the micro protrusions contact area with the material on elasticity is monotonic, and the dependence of the indicated dimensionless width on the dimensionless speed is nonmonotonic. With values of elasticity measure 5, dimensionless speed of 0.001; 0.03; and 0.12, maximum amplitude of contact pressure is 1.250; 1.973; and 3.635, respectively. With values of the elasticity measure 3; 5; 8; and 12, the minimum values of the dimensionless width of the contact pad are 0.615; 0.593; 0.575; and 0.563, respectively, the limit value is 0.679. With values of the elasticity measure 5; dimensionless length of the edge 10; 20; 30; and 50, values of the maximum deformation friction force are 9.345; 18.693; 28.040; and 46.724, respectively. With values of the dimensionless length of the edge 20; elasticity measures 2; 5; 8; and 12, values of maximum strength are 7.471; 18.693; 29.914; and 44.876, respectively.
{"title":"Approach to computation of deformation friction force during chilled fish cutting","authors":"O. V. Ageev, V. Naumov, J. A. Fatykhov, N. V. Samojlova","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-4-49-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-4-49-56","url":null,"abstract":"The approach to research of deformation friction forces during chilled fish cutting is proposed. The viscoelastic properties of chilled fish raw material are described by a three-element rheological model. The mathematical description of the knife rough surface profile in the form of a dimensionless periodic function with three harmonics has been used. The dimensionless contact pressures over the microprotrusions of the cutting body rough surface from the material has been analyzed. A mathematical model for computation the dimensional and dimensionless friction forces has been developed. It is shown that with an increase in the processing speed, the deformation component of the friction force tends to zero. Up to a certain sliding speed there is a full contact of the material with the irregularities of the edge. With an increase in elasticity and lengthening of the edge of the knife the considerated force increases monotonously. The dependence of the dimensionless width of the micro protrusions contact area with the material on elasticity is monotonic, and the dependence of the indicated dimensionless width on the dimensionless speed is nonmonotonic. With values of elasticity measure 5, dimensionless speed of 0.001; 0.03; and 0.12, maximum amplitude of contact pressure is 1.250; 1.973; and 3.635, respectively. With values of the elasticity measure 3; 5; 8; and 12, the minimum values of the dimensionless width of the contact pad are 0.615; 0.593; 0.575; and 0.563, respectively, the limit value is 0.679. With values of the elasticity measure 5; dimensionless length of the edge 10; 20; 30; and 50, values of the maximum deformation friction force are 9.345; 18.693; 28.040; and 46.724, respectively. With values of the dimensionless length of the edge 20; elasticity measures 2; 5; 8; and 12, values of maximum strength are 7.471; 18.693; 29.914; and 44.876, respectively.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128902035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-65-72
S. Koshelev, Yu.N. Slastikhin, A. I. Eideyus
Статья подготовлена с целью выявления наиболее подходящих для инженерной практики методик расчета коэффициента теплоотдачи (КТО) при кипении хладагентов в горизонтальных трубах с внутренним диаметром dT > 3 мм. Сделан обзор методик расчета КТО. Обсуждаются условия, при которых методики расчета КТО в макро-каналах можно распространить на мини-каналы. Проведен анализ ряда опубликованных работ, посвященных оценке точности методик предсказания КТО при кипении жидкостей в трубах, выбрано по пять лучших методик. В разных сочетаниях к числу лучших отнесена 21 методика. Пять из них использовано в расчетах с помощью компьютерной программы. Определены средние КТО αci и по 15 другим методикам для 11 вариантов условий кипения хладагентов R134a, R22, R290, R32, R404A, R407C, R410A, R507. Охвачен диапазон изменения температуры кипения t0 = –15...+5 oC, диаметра dT = 6...13,84 мм, массовой скорости wρ = 100...500 кг/ (м2·с), плотности теплового потока q = 3750...15000 Вт/м2, массового паросодержания в начале зоны кипения хн = 0,01...0,1 и на выходе хв = 0,9...0,95. Сравнение результатов расчета проводилось по трем показателям, а к наиболее подходящим отнесены методики: которые при одинаковых исходных данных дают наиболее близкие значения среднего КТО; по которым отношения наибольшего КТО к наименьшему во всех вариантах не превышает 1,4 для всех хладагентов; а также локальные КТО по которым имеют наибольшие значения при паросодержаниях х, соответствующих кольцевому режиму потока. Указанным условиям удовлетворяют компьютерная программа со свидетельством No 2015610039, а также методики авторов Wattelet и др. (1994), Kattan и др. (1998), Fang и др. (2017), хотя последняя не учитывает изменения локальных КТО. Ключевые слова: хладагенты, кипение, горизонтальные трубы, коэффициент теплоотдачи, методики расчета, выбор.
{"title":"Comparative calculations of the heat transfer coefficient during refrigerant boiling in tubes","authors":"S. Koshelev, Yu.N. Slastikhin, A. I. Eideyus","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-65-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-65-72","url":null,"abstract":"Статья подготовлена с целью выявления наиболее подходящих для инженерной практики методик расчета коэффициента теплоотдачи (КТО) при кипении хладагентов в горизонтальных трубах с внутренним диаметром dT > 3 мм. Сделан обзор методик расчета КТО. Обсуждаются условия, при которых методики расчета КТО в макро-каналах можно распространить на мини-каналы. Проведен анализ ряда опубликованных работ, посвященных оценке точности методик предсказания КТО при кипении жидкостей в трубах, выбрано по пять лучших методик. В разных сочетаниях к числу лучших отнесена 21 методика. Пять из них использовано в расчетах с помощью компьютерной программы. Определены средние КТО αci и по 15 другим методикам для 11 вариантов условий кипения хладагентов R134a, R22, R290, R32, R404A, R407C, R410A, R507. Охвачен диапазон изменения температуры кипения t0 = –15...+5 oC, диаметра dT = 6...13,84 мм, массовой скорости wρ = 100...500 кг/ (м2·с), плотности теплового потока q = 3750...15000 Вт/м2, массового паросодержания в начале зоны кипения хн = 0,01...0,1 и на выходе хв = 0,9...0,95. Сравнение результатов расчета проводилось по трем показателям, а к наиболее подходящим отнесены методики: которые при одинаковых исходных данных дают наиболее близкие значения среднего КТО; по которым отношения наибольшего КТО к наименьшему во всех вариантах не превышает 1,4 для всех хладагентов; а также локальные КТО по которым имеют наибольшие значения при паросодержаниях х, соответствующих кольцевому режиму потока. Указанным условиям удовлетворяют компьютерная программа со свидетельством No 2015610039, а также методики авторов Wattelet и др. (1994), Kattan и др. (1998), Fang и др. (2017), хотя последняя не учитывает изменения локальных КТО. Ключевые слова: хладагенты, кипение, горизонтальные трубы, коэффициент теплоотдачи, методики расчета, выбор.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-79-85
S. Rykov, I. Kudryavtseva, V. Rykov, A. Sverdlov
β and equality γ is considered the equation γ = 4β, in addition to Griffith’s equalities: 2 – α = βδ + β and γ = βδ – β. A variant of constructing a scale equation using the similarity relation between a lattice gas model and a real liquid is proposed. That allowed us to reduce the number of individual parameters of the scale function to one. The proposed approach is tested on the example of constructing the scale equation of argon. A comparative analysis is carried out with the scale equations of state of argon, where the critical indices are specified in accordance with the Griffith equalities and the condition γ = 3β justified by Bondarev V. N. in the framework of the statistical theory of a critical point.
{"title":"Nonparametric equation of state on the basis of the phenomenological theory of a critical point with the use of similarity theory","authors":"S. Rykov, I. Kudryavtseva, V. Rykov, A. Sverdlov","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-79-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-79-85","url":null,"abstract":"β and equality γ is considered the equation γ = 4β, in addition to Griffith’s equalities: 2 – α = βδ + β and γ = βδ – β. A variant of constructing a scale equation using the similarity relation between a lattice gas model and a real liquid is proposed. That allowed us to reduce the number of individual parameters of the scale function to one. The proposed approach is tested on the example of constructing the scale equation of argon. A comparative analysis is carried out with the scale equations of state of argon, where the critical indices are specified in accordance with the Griffith equalities and the condition γ = 3β justified by Bondarev V. N. in the framework of the statistical theory of a critical point.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125583845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2021-20-3-23-31
A. S. Salman, A. Sulin, V. I. Lysev, T. Ryabova
heat, cold, air and water). A method of forming energy efficient air conditioning systems on the basis of a statistical model of climatic parameters of ambient air for different time intervals and climatic regions is proposed.
{"title":"Justification of energy efficient air handling processes in conditioning systems","authors":"A. S. Salman, A. Sulin, V. I. Lysev, T. Ryabova","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2021-20-3-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2021-20-3-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"heat, cold, air and water). A method of forming energy efficient air conditioning systems on the basis of a statistical model of climatic parameters of ambient air for different time intervals and climatic regions is proposed.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127698709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-68-75
M. V. Zhavner, Yang Chuanchao, Li Sen
{"title":"Spring accumulators for mechatronic drives with energy recuperation in food industry equipment","authors":"M. V. Zhavner, Yang Chuanchao, Li Sen","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130180159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-3-3-12
D. Uglanov, O. Tremkina, O. A. Manakova, A.B. Shimanova
{"title":"Energy complex on liquid methane integrated with air separation unit and low-temperature power plant","authors":"D. Uglanov, O. Tremkina, O. A. Manakova, A.B. Shimanova","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-3-3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-3-3-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125075082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-60-67
O. V. Yevdulov, S. G. Magomedova, R. Magomadov
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of a thermoelectric system for local hypothermia of the periodontal region","authors":"O. V. Yevdulov, S. G. Magomedova, R. Magomadov","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-60-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-60-67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117096815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-1-92-97
A. Baranov, O. Filatova, A. Vasilenok, A. V. Safonov, E. Sokolova
D. Sc. A. Yu. BARANOV1, O. A. FILATOVA, A. V. VASILENOK, A. V. SAFONOV, E. V. SOKOLOVA 1abaranov@corp.ifmo.ru ITMO University Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) technique is based on supercooling patient’s body to stimulate skin cold receptors at the depth of 0.15 мм form skin surface forming signal of maximum intensity at the temperature of –2 оС. Heat removal by gas with the temperature of not more than –130 оС allows localizing body supercooling zone at the depth of receptors. The research is made to estimate maximum intensity of heat removal and necessary power consumption. It allows determining requirements for power supply of WBC units that is crucial for efficiency and safety of WBC. The research is carried out by the mathematical models of WBC object (human body surface) and a unit of volume for WBC zone (patient’s cabin). Implementation of WBC technique is shown to require removing 3.8 kW of heat from patient’s body surface. Taking into account total refrigerating capacity the cryostatting system for single-seated WBC cabin has to remove as less as 6.4 kW of heat form the temperature level of –130 оС. Therefore, a refrigerator of 47 kW power or nitrogen cooling system with refrigerating medium consumption of 0.025 kg/s or 4.45 kg per procedure is necessary. The use of nitrogen cooling for WBC zone results is compact and mobile single-seated WBC units. Owing to high competitive advantages single-seated units for WBC are widely used in the world, they being used in Russian clinical practice for more than 20 years.
余博士，Sc. A.。BARANOV1, O. A. FILATOVA, A. V. VASILENOK, A. V. SAFONOV, E. V. SOKOLOVA 1abaranov@corp.ifmo.ru ITMO大学全身冷冻疗法(WBC)技术是基于对患者身体进行过冷，在0.15 мм深度刺激皮肤冷受体形成皮肤表面，在-2 оС温度下形成最大强度的信号。通过温度不超过-130 оС的气体排热，可以在感受器深度处设置局部过冷区。研究估算了最大排热强度和必要的功耗。它允许确定WBC单元的供电要求，这对WBC的效率和安全性至关重要。研究采用白细胞物体(人体表面)和白细胞区域(患者舱)体积单位的数学模型进行。WBC技术的实施需要从患者体表去除3.8 kW的热量。考虑到总制冷量，单座WBC客舱的冷冻系统必须从-130 оС的温度水平中去除至少6.4 kW的热量。因此，需要一台功率为47kw的制冷机或氮气冷却系统，制冷介质消耗为0.025 kg/s或每道工序消耗4.45 kg。使用氮气冷却的WBC区结果是紧凑和移动的单座WBC单位。由于具有较高的竞争优势，单座白细胞仪在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用，在俄罗斯的临床实践中已经使用了20多年。
{"title":"Energy requirements for nitrogen cooling systems of WBC units","authors":"A. Baranov, O. Filatova, A. Vasilenok, A. V. Safonov, E. Sokolova","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-1-92-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-1-92-97","url":null,"abstract":"D. Sc. A. Yu. BARANOV1, O. A. FILATOVA, A. V. VASILENOK, A. V. SAFONOV, E. V. SOKOLOVA 1abaranov@corp.ifmo.ru ITMO University Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) technique is based on supercooling patient’s body to stimulate skin cold receptors at the depth of 0.15 мм form skin surface forming signal of maximum intensity at the temperature of –2 оС. Heat removal by gas with the temperature of not more than –130 оС allows localizing body supercooling zone at the depth of receptors. The research is made to estimate maximum intensity of heat removal and necessary power consumption. It allows determining requirements for power supply of WBC units that is crucial for efficiency and safety of WBC. The research is carried out by the mathematical models of WBC object (human body surface) and a unit of volume for WBC zone (patient’s cabin). Implementation of WBC technique is shown to require removing 3.8 kW of heat from patient’s body surface. Taking into account total refrigerating capacity the cryostatting system for single-seated WBC cabin has to remove as less as 6.4 kW of heat form the temperature level of –130 оС. Therefore, a refrigerator of 47 kW power or nitrogen cooling system with refrigerating medium consumption of 0.025 kg/s or 4.45 kg per procedure is necessary. The use of nitrogen cooling for WBC zone results is compact and mobile single-seated WBC units. Owing to high competitive advantages single-seated units for WBC are widely used in the world, they being used in Russian clinical practice for more than 20 years.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126933674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2023-22-2-34-39
S. Vizgalov, I. Khisameev
{"title":"Characteristics of the nitrogen gas cycle for small scale LNG production","authors":"S. Vizgalov, I. Khisameev","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2023-22-2-34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2023-22-2-34-39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127225483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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