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Experimental study of thermodynamic efficiency of the absorption refrigeration machine and heat pump complex 吸收式制冷机组与热泵机组热力效率的实验研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-3-23-28
E. V. Mereutsa, A. A. Sukhikh
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引用次数: 1
On evaporative cooling of compressor 压缩机的蒸发冷却
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2021-20-2-21-27
M. S. Dzitoev, Y. Tatarenko, А.V. Моlоsтоv
The paper considers the perspectives of cooling the working fluid in a volumetric compressor by injecting liquid into gas. The results of numerical analysis for the operation of the stage of a linear‑driven reciprocating compressor using KOMDET‑VKA software at different pressure ratios in the stage are presented. For evaporative cooling, it is proposed to use a mixture of air with nitrogen, helium, and argon. These agents are used in the gas supply systems of space rockets. The expediency of using evaporative cooling by injecting liquid into the suction cavity of the working substance in a reciprocating compressor is shown. It allows reducing the compression work and gas injection temperature as well as increasing increase its productivity.
本文讨论了用向气体中注入液体的方法冷却容积式压缩机工作流体的前景。本文介绍了利用KOMDET - VKA软件对某直线驱动往复式压缩机级在不同压比下的运行情况进行数值分析的结果。对于蒸发冷却,建议使用氮气、氦气和氩气混合的空气。这些试剂用于太空火箭的供气系统。在往复式压缩机中,通过向工作物质的吸入腔中注入液体来实现蒸发冷却的便利性。它可以减少压缩工作量和注气温度,并提高其生产率。
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引用次数: 0
The study of y+ influence on the results of nozzle flow numerical simulation in the centrifugal compressor inlet chamber y+对离心式压缩机进气室喷嘴流动数值模拟结果的影响研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-1-27-33
L. Gileva, A. Aksenov, Y. Kozhukhov, A. Petrov
The efficiency of compressor machines for refrigeration needs is characterized by the efficiency coefficent. Increasing the efficiency of the stage is necessary, especially for centrifugal compressor machines. In this paper, the study of the centrifugal compressor inlet radial chamber, which directly affects the efficiency of the entire stage, is carried out. A mathematical model has been selected for conducting a numerical experiment with its subsequent validation with a full-scale experiment. The selection of the mathematical model included grid independence study, boundary conditions selection, and the study of the y + wall function influence for a specific turbulence model. y + is an important factor in numerical experiments, and its incorrect choice can lead to a non-physical flow pattern. There are certain recommendations for the y + value for different turbulence models. However, as this study is shown, the existing recommendations are not universal for different centrifugal compressors flow parts. Recommendations on the value of the y + parameter for inlet chambers with different nozzle values at different Reynolds number values are investigated and given in this paper. To determine the losses dependence function form on the average y + value, the results of calculations are summarized in separate graphs and approximated by separate functions. Approximation dependence is obtained based on the numerical experiment results of the average y + value influence, the chamber nozzle coefficient and the Reynolds number on the losses of the inlet radial chamber. The obtained dependence was used to determine the optimal value of y + mean and the wall layer for experimental studies of chambers. The results of the numerical experiment are compared with the results of the full-scale experiment and experimental dependences are obtained. The results obtained will simplify further work on modeling the inlet radial chambers.
满足制冷需求的压缩机的效率用效率系数来表示。提高级的效率是必要的,特别是对于离心式压缩机机。本文对离心式压缩机进口径向腔进行了研究,它直接影响到整个级的效率。选择了一个数学模型进行数值实验,并通过全尺寸实验对其进行验证。数学模型的选择包括网格独立性研究、边界条件选择和y +壁函数对特定湍流模型影响的研究。Y +是数值实验中的重要因素,其选择不当会导致非物理流型。对于不同湍流模型的y +值有一定的建议。然而,正如本研究表明的那样,现有的建议并不适用于不同的离心压缩机流动部件。本文研究并给出了在不同雷诺数下不同喷嘴值的进口腔室的y +参数的取值建议。为了确定损失对y +平均值的依赖函数形式,将计算结果汇总在单独的图中,并用单独的函数进行近似。基于平均y +值、腔室喷嘴系数和雷诺数对进口径向腔室损失影响的数值实验结果,得到近似依赖关系。得到的相关性用于确定实验研究中y +平均值和壁层的最佳值。将数值实验结果与全尺寸实验结果进行了比较,得出了实验相关性。所得结果将简化进气径向室的进一步建模工作。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of low-tonnage LNG production technologies with nitrogen circulation cycle 低吨位氮气循环液化天然气生产技术分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2023-22-1-55-65
R. Sanavbarov, A. V. Zaitsev, F. Shermatova
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引用次数: 0
Cooling infinite rectangular plate with adiabatically isolated side wall under boundary conditions of the third kind 第三类边界条件下具有绝热隔离侧壁的无限矩形板的冷却
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-3-74-79
A. Kanareykin
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引用次数: 0
On the cut-off angle for the wraps of scroll compressors. An analytical approach 关于涡旋式压缩机包裹体的截止角度。分析方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-26-30
V. A. Kosachevsky
The article analyzes different approaches to the modelling of scroll compressor central part. They are compared in terms of different operation principles used for scroll machines. The schemes of spiral cut-off are analyzed. The concept minimal critical angle for spiral cut-off is introduced and substantiated. The technique of the angle estimation, based on the equations for intrados of scroll machine working tool, is suggested. The relevance of correct estimation for the lower boundary of the cut-off angle for wraps in scroll machines designing is emphasized. The technique described is suggested for the purpose.
分析了涡旋压缩机中心零件建模的不同方法。根据涡旋机的不同操作原理对它们进行了比较。分析了螺旋截止的方案。引入并证实了螺旋截止最小临界角的概念。提出了一种基于涡旋机床内部方程的角度估计方法。强调了在涡旋机械设计中,正确估计卷材截角下边界的重要性。本文所描述的技术就是为此目的而提出的。
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引用次数: 0
Influence on microorganisms’vital activity of high frequency electromagnetic fields and solutions of catolytes and anolithes 高频电磁场对微生物生命活动的影响及催化剂和油石溶液
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-4-42-48
V. Sibirtsev, M. A. Chekanov, I. A. Naumov, S.A. Stroyev
A biotesting technique is described, which provides for recording changes in the intensities of elastic light scattering, as well as light absorption and intrinsic photofluorescence of the protein component of samples with viable test microorganisms incubated in a liquid nutrient medium in the presence and absence of various test factors. The results of the analysis using this technique of the influence on the dynamics of vital activity of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella vulgaris) of various amounts of anolyte and catholyte (obtained by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4), as well as external high-frequency electromagnetic fields (EHFEF) with different intensity (U) and frequency of its change (ν) and with different modes of exposure to test microorganisms (TM), are presented. On the basis the results it has been shown that even a fairly simple electrolysis treatment of aqueous solutions of commonly available non-organic salts can be used to prepare effective and safe antiseptic (solutions of anolytes) and probiotic (solutions of catholytes) agents. Weak EHFEF of the megahertz range, depending on their frequency, can significantly inhibit and activate the vital activity of TM. Periodic exposure to EHFEF has a greater effect on TM than permanent one. With the combined action of EHFEF and solutions of anolytes or catholytes, they can mutually reinforce their influence on the vital activity of TM.
描述了一种生物测试技术,该技术提供了记录弹性光散射强度的变化,以及在存在和不存在各种测试因素的情况下,在液体营养培养基中培养有活力的测试微生物样品的光吸收和固有光荧光。利用该技术分析了不同量的阳极电解液和阴极电解液(NaCl和Na2SO4的水溶液电解得到)以及不同强度(U)和变化频率(ν)和不同暴露方式的外部高频电磁场(EHFEF)对微生物(如大肠杆菌、粘红酵母和普通小球藻)的生命活性动态的影响。提出了。结果表明,即使是相当简单的电解处理常见的无机盐的水溶液,也可以用来制备有效和安全的防腐剂(电解质溶液)和益生菌(阴极电解质溶液)剂。兆赫范围内的弱EHFEF,根据其频率的不同,可以显著抑制和激活TM的生命活动。定期接触超高频电磁场对TM的影响大于长期接触超高频电磁场。在EHFEF和阳极液或阴极液溶液的共同作用下,它们可以相互增强对TM生命活性的影响。
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引用次数: 1
The possibility of using pork heart in the manufacture of sausages 用猪心制作香肠的可能性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-1-77-83
V. Volchenko, K. V. Dvoryankina
Рассмотрены проблемы использования различных ингредиентов в технологии многокомпонентных пищевых продуктов; отмечена необходимость баланса белковой и жировой составляющих. Выбраны основные направления совершенствования технологий изготовления данных групп продукции, основной упор сделан на колбасные изделия. Рассмотрены варианты совершенствования технологии изготовления вареных колбас, проведен анализ потребительских предпочтений, сделаны выводы. Для проведения исследований использовали общепринятые органолептические, физико-химические методы, а также методы статистического анализа данных. Разработана технология производства мясных колбас с использованием малоценного белкового сырья, в качестве которого было выбрано свиное сердце; установлена проблема высокой обводненности готовой продукции в данном варианте технологии. Для решения указанной проблемы была разработана методика обезвоживания сырья с целью повышения содержания белка в готовом продукте, выбран наилучший вариант обезвоживания свиного сердца путем бланширования острым паром над поверхностью солевого раствора, для чего была проведена оптимизация по концентрации раствора и по времени бланширования. Предлагается использовать полученные результаты для выпуска нового ассортимента колбасных изделий. Ключевые слова: вареные колбасы, кулинарные продукты, термическая обработка.
研究了在多成分食品技术中使用不同成分的问题;注意到需要平衡蛋白质和脂肪成分。选择了改进这些产品组技术的主要方向,重点是香肠产品。考虑了改进煮香肠技术的选择,分析了消费者偏好,得出了结论。研究使用了传统的有机疗法、物理化学方法和统计分析方法。开发了一种用低价值蛋白质原料生产肉肠的技术,选择了猪的心脏;在这种技术中,成品的高包装存在问题。为了解决这一问题,开发了一种脱水方法,以提高成品中的蛋白质含量,通过在盐水表面涂上辣味蒸汽来改善猪的心脏脱水,并根据溶液浓度和时间进行优化。建议使用这些结果来生产一种新的香肠产品。关键字:煮香肠,烹饪,热处理。
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引用次数: 0
A method for constructing the equation of state of a liquid and gas based on the Migdal phenomenological theory and the Benedek hypothesis 基于米格达尔现象学理论和贝内德克假设的液相和气相方程的构造方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-3-83-90
S. Rykov, A. Sverdlov, V. Rykov, I. Kudryavtseva, E. E. Ustyuzhanin
A method is proposed for constructing the fundamental equation of state (FEoS) of a liquid and gas that takes into account the features of a thermodynamic surface in the vicinity of a critical point. The structure of the equation of state is chosen in accordance with the new representation of the scale hypothesis in the form of an expression for the Helmholtz free energy F = F r + F s , where F r is the regular function of density ρ and temperature T; F s = F s (ρ, T, δ, a (x)) is a singular component F that describes in the asymptotic neighborhood of the critical point the behavior of the equilibrium properties of the liquid in accordance with the scale theory (MT) of critical phenomena. Here δ is the critical index of the critical isotherm; a 0 (x) is the large-scale free-energy function of Kudryavtseva – Rykov, which is developed on the basis of Migdal’s phenomenological theory, the Benedek hypothesis, and the Scofield – Lister – Ho linear model; x is a scale variable. When calculating the individual parameters of the Helmholtz free energy scale function a 0 (x), a similarity theory relation is used, which relates the lattice gas and the real fluid. Based on the proposed method, an equation of state for sulfur hexafluoride has been developed, which, in accordance with MT, describes the behavior of equilibrium properties of the SF 6 . A comparison is made of experimental data, data on isochoric heat capacity and isobaric heat capacity, density values p-ρ-T of saturated steam and saturated liquid with the corresponding data calculated on the basis of the developed FEoS o SF 6 .
提出了一种考虑临界附近热力学面特征的液体和气体基本状态方程的构造方法。根据尺度假设的新表示选择状态方程的结构,其形式为亥姆霍兹自由能F = F r + F s,其中F r是密度ρ和温度T的正则函数;F s = F s (ρ, T, δ, a (x))是一个奇异分量F,它根据临界现象的尺度理论描述了在临界点的渐近邻域内液体平衡性质的行为。其中δ为临界等温线的临界指数;a 0 (x)是Kudryavtseva - Rykov的大尺度自由能函数,它是在Migdal的现象学理论、Benedek假设和Scofield - Lister - Ho线性模型的基础上发展起来的;X是一个尺度变量。在计算亥姆霍兹自由能标度函数0 (x)的各个参数时,采用了将晶格气体与实际流体联系起来的相似理论关系。基于所提出的方法,建立了六氟化硫的状态方程,该方程与MT相一致,描述了sf6的平衡性质行为。将实验数据、等时热容和等压热容数据、饱和蒸汽和饱和液体的密度值p-ρ-T与sf6开发的FEoS计算的相应数据进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
Implementation of the HACCP tool and microbiological quality of agbelima production on a site in South Benin 在南贝宁的一个基地实施HACCP工具和agbelima生产的微生物质量
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2021-20-3-45-56
M. A. D. Tchibozo, Romaine CAPO-CHICHI, Antoinette Adjagodo, E. Ladekan, T. Guidi, Larissa V. Galimova
The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system (HACCP) is a scientific and systematic approach to identify hazards and provide measures for their control to ensure food safety. Thus, to ensure that the quality of agbélima, a product derived from cassava is taken into consideration during processing, the HACCP system has been applied to improve both the quality and the safety of that product. The methodology used for the implementation of the quality approach on the chain of production of agbelima in South Benin is summarized by a survey for the analysis of the context and the environment of agbelima production, the hazard analysis and the determination of the critical points related to the production of agbelima, the realization of the model of the quality assurance system (HACCP) and the verification of the effectiveness of the system implemented. The hazard analysis was carried out according to the raw, material, labor, equipment, environment and method. The elaboration of the HACCP theorical model was carried out according to twelve classic steps. The HACCP system is implemented on the production site. Before and after the implementation of the system, microbiological analysis on eighteen samples of agbelima were carried out. The results of the hazard analysis indicate that hazards exist at all stages of agbelima production. The application of the HACCP theorical model resulted in the detection of 6 Critical Control Points (CCPs) throughout the production chain. These are the reception of the raw material, washing, grinding, pressing, fine milling, and packaging. The analysis reveals that all eighteen samples of agbelima analysed before the implementation of the approach are not in conformity with the regulatory requirements. However, after the application of the system, a varying reduction from 93.49 % to 100 % was noted for microorganisms such as: Total Mesophilic Flora, Lactic Flora, Yeasts and Moulds and Sulfito Reducing Anaerobes, ColiformsThermotolerant, E. coli, Staphylococci and Salmonella in agbelima samples. Compliance with the implementation guide is 77.5 % in relation to twelve steps of the system application. Improvements are needed on the records and their effective updating to maintain the level of quality of this product.
危害分析和关键控制点系统(HACCP)是一种科学和系统的方法,用于识别危害并提供控制措施,以确保食品安全。因此,为了确保在加工过程中考虑到从木薯中提取的agb录影带的质量,已经应用了HACCP体系来提高该产品的质量和安全性。通过对南贝宁海参生产链条实施质量方法的调查,分析海参生产的背景和环境,危害分析和确定与海参生产有关的关键点,实现质量保证体系(HACCP)模型,验证所实施体系的有效性,总结了在南贝宁海参生产链条上实施质量方法的方法。根据原料、材料、人工、设备、环境和方法进行危害分析。按照经典的12个步骤对HACCP理论模型进行了阐述。HACCP体系在生产现场实施。在系统实施前后,对18份agbelima样品进行了微生物学分析。危害分析结果表明,危害存在于海参生产的各个阶段。HACCP理论模型的应用导致了整个生产链中6个关键控制点(ccp)的检测。这些是原料的接收,洗涤,研磨,压制,细磨,和包装。分析表明,在实施该方法之前分析的所有18个agbelima样本都不符合监管要求。然而,应用该系统后,agbelima样品中微生物的减少幅度从93.49%到100%不等,如:总中温菌群、乳酸菌群、酵母和霉菌、亚硫酸盐还原厌氧菌、大肠菌群、耐热菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌。在系统应用的十二个步骤中,执行指引的合规性为77.5%。需要对记录进行改进并对其进行有效更新,以保持该产品的质量水平。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal International Academy of Refrigeration
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