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A new approach to the design of knowledge base using XCLS clustering 一种基于XCLS聚类的知识库设计新方法
J. Beevi, N. Deivasigamani
A Knowledge Base is a special kind of data base used for storage and retrieval of knowledge. From the perspective of knowledge creators, maintenance and creation of knowledge base is a crucial activity in the life cycle of knowledge management. This paper presents a novel approach to the creation of knowledge base. The main focus of our approach is to extract the knowledge from unstructured web documents and create a knowledge base. Preprocessing techniques such as tokenizing, stemming are performed on the unstructured input web documents. Meanwhile, Similarity and redundancy computation is performed for duplicate knowledge removal. The extracted knowledge is organized and converted to XML documents. XCLS clustering is made on XML documents. Finally, Knowledge base is designed for storing extracted XML documents. A query interface has been developed to retrieve the search knowledge. To test the usefulness and ease of use of our prototype, we used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to evaluate the system. Results are promising.
知识库是一种用于存储和检索知识的特殊数据库。从知识创造者的角度来看,知识库的维护和创造是知识管理生命周期中至关重要的活动。本文提出了一种新的知识库创建方法。我们的方法的主要焦点是从非结构化的web文档中提取知识,并创建一个知识库。预处理技术,如标记化,词干提取在非结构化的输入web文档上执行。同时,对重复知识进行相似度和冗余度计算。提取的知识被组织并转换为XML文档。XCLS集群是在XML文档上进行的。最后,设计了知识库,用于存储提取的XML文档。开发了检索检索知识的查询接口。为了测试原型的有用性和易用性,我们使用技术接受模型(TAM)来评估系统。结果是有希望的。
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引用次数: 3
Electronic voting machine — A review 电子投票机——回顾
D. A. Kumar, T. Ummal, Sariba Begum
Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is a simple electronic device used to record votes in place of ballot papers and boxes which were used earlier in conventional voting system. Fundamental right to vote or simply voting in elections forms the basis of democracy. All earlier elections be it state elections or centre elections a voter used to cast his/her favorite candidate by putting the stamp against his/her name and then folding the ballot paper as per a prescribed method before putting it in the Ballot Box. This is a long, time-consuming process and very much prone to errors. This situation continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic voting machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. all this condensed into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic voting machine. Because biometric identifiers cannot be easily misplaced, forged, or shared, they are considered more reliable for person recognition than traditional token or knowledge based methods. So the Electronic voting system has to be improved based on the current technologies viz., biometric system. This article discusses complete review about voting devices, Issues and comparison among the voting methods and biometric EVM.
电子投票机(EVM)是一种简单的电子设备,用来记录选票,取代传统投票系统中使用的选票和投票箱。投票或在选举中投票的基本权利构成了民主的基础。所有早期的选举,无论是邦选举还是中心选举,选民都是通过在他/她的名字上盖上邮票,然后按照规定的方法折叠选票,然后将其放入投票箱。这是一个漫长、耗时的过程,而且非常容易出错。这种情况一直持续到电子投票机彻底改变了选举现场。不再需要选票、投票箱、盖章等,这一切都浓缩在一个简单的盒子里,称为电子投票机的投票单元。由于生物识别标识符不能轻易放错位置、伪造或共享,因此它们被认为比传统的令牌或基于知识的方法更可靠。因此,电子投票系统必须在现有技术,即生物识别系统的基础上进行改进。本文对投票设备、投票方法和生物识别EVM的问题及比较进行了全面的综述。
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引用次数: 64
Hybrid spamicity score approach to web spam detection 混合垃圾邮件得分方法的网络垃圾邮件检测
S. P. Algur, N. T. Pendari
Web spamming refers to actions intended to mislead search engines and give some pages higher ranking than they deserve. Fundamentally, Web spam is designed to pollute search engines and corrupt the user experience by driving traffic to particular spammed Web pages, regardless of the merits of those pages. Recently, there is dramatic increase in amount of web spam, leading to a degradation of search results. Most of the existing web spam detection methods are supervised that require a large set of training web pages. The proposed system studies the problem of unsupervised web spam detection. It introduces the notion of spamicity to measure how likely a page is spam. Spamicity is a more flexible measure than the traditional supervised classification methods. In the proposed system link and content spam techniques are used to determine the spamicity score of web page. A threshold is set by empirical analysis which classifies the web page into spam or non spam.
网络垃圾邮件指的是误导搜索引擎的行为,并给予一些页面比他们应得的更高的排名。从根本上说,Web垃圾邮件的目的是通过将流量驱动到特定的垃圾邮件Web页面来污染搜索引擎并破坏用户体验,而不考虑这些页面的优点。最近,网络垃圾邮件的数量急剧增加,导致搜索结果的退化。现有的垃圾邮件检测方法大多是监督式的,需要大量的训练网页。该系统研究了无监督网络垃圾邮件检测问题。它引入了垃圾信息的概念来衡量一个页面是垃圾邮件的可能性。垃圾信息是一种比传统的监督分类方法更灵活的度量方法。在该系统中,链接垃圾邮件和内容垃圾邮件技术被用来确定网页的垃圾邮件得分。通过实证分析设置阈值,将网页分为垃圾网页和非垃圾网页。
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引用次数: 14
Filtering and segmentation of a uterine fibroid with an ultrasound images 子宫肌瘤超声图像的滤波与分割
J. Saranya, S. Malarkhodi
Image segmentation is important tasks in medical image analysis. The challenges in medical image segmentation arise due to poor image contrast and artifacts that result in missing or diffuse organ/tissue boundaries. The segmentation of an ultrasound image is a difficult task as it suffers from speckle noise. The main aim of this work is to segment the fibroid in the uterus. Uterine fibroid is the most common benign tumour of the female in the world. Uterine Fibroid segmentation in patient is the challenging task manually. Exactly extracting the fibroid in the uterus is the challenging task because of size, location and low contrast boundaries. Instead of doing the segmentation manually, this work proposes a new method for segmenting the fibroid in the uterus. The performance of this method is also commendable.
图像分割是医学图像分析中的一项重要任务。由于图像对比度差和导致器官/组织边界缺失或弥散的伪影,医学图像分割面临挑战。超声图像的分割是一项困难的任务,因为它受到斑点噪声的影响。这项工作的主要目的是分割子宫内的肌瘤。子宫肌瘤是世界上最常见的女性良性肿瘤。人工子宫肌瘤分割是一项具有挑战性的工作。由于子宫肌瘤的大小、位置和低对比边界,准确地提取子宫肌瘤是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文提出了一种新的子宫肌瘤分割方法,代替了手工分割。这种方法的性能也是值得称赞的。
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引用次数: 5
ORZEF: An optimized routing using zone to establish security in MANET using multipath and friend-based ad hoc routing ORZEF:一种使用区域的优化路由,在使用多路径和基于朋友的自组织路由的MANET中建立安全性
Gokulnath Thandavarayan, K. Sangeetha, S. Seerangan
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless communication with a collection of devices that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator. Due to its properties MANET environment is prone to attacks in routes. ORZEF is a self-motivated routing system to provide has less security secure routing. When a node enters into a zone it distributes its secret key upto two hop count nodes and it shares their secret keys by using asymmetric key encryption. For each node routing zone is defined separately using its radius. When there is a malicious activity in the environment the authentication algorithm is initiated to isolate the malicious nodes. As a result of this scheme, the network will be able to effectively isolate the malicious nodes. Through extensive simulation analysis using QualNet simulator it is concluded that this scheme provides an efficient approach towards security and easier detection of the malicious nodes in the mobile ad hoc network and the power also utilized effectively.
移动自组织网络(MANET)是一种无线通信方式,在没有任何集中管理员的帮助下,由一组设备相互通信。由于其自身的特性,MANET环境在路由中容易受到攻击。ORZEF是一种自激励的路由系统,提供具有较少安全性的安全路由。当一个节点进入一个区域时,它将自己的秘密密钥分发给两个跳数节点,并通过非对称密钥加密共享它们的秘密密钥。对于每个节点,使用其半径分别定义路由区域。当环境中存在恶意活动时,启动身份验证算法以隔离恶意节点。该方案能够有效地隔离网络中的恶意节点。通过使用QualNet模拟器进行大量仿真分析,得出该方案为移动自组织网络提供了一种有效的安全方法,更容易检测到恶意节点,并且有效地利用了功率。
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引用次数: 2
Feature extraction for multimodal biometric and study of fusion using Gaussian mixture model 多模态生物特征提取及高斯混合模型融合研究
S. Vivek, J. Aravinth, S. Valarmathy
Biometrics consists of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. This paper describes the feature extraction techniques for three modalities viz. fingerprint, iris and face. The extracted information from each modality is stored as a template. The information are fused at the match score level using a density based score level fusion, GMM followed by the Likelihood ratio test. GMM parameters are estimated from training data using the iterative Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm.
生物计量学包括基于一个或多个内在的身体或行为特征来唯一识别人类的方法。本文介绍了指纹、虹膜和人脸三种形态的特征提取技术。从每个模态提取的信息存储为模板。使用基于密度的分数水平融合,GMM然后是似然比检验,在匹配分数水平上融合信息。利用迭代期望最大化(EM)算法从训练数据中估计GMM参数。
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引用次数: 14
MFE-HC: The maximizing feature elimination technique based hybrid classifier for cancer molecular pattern discovery MFE-HC:基于最大特征消除技术的癌症分子模式发现混合分类器
I. Julie, E. Kirubakaran
The most important application of Microarray for gene expression analysis is used to discover or classify the unknown tissue samples with the help of known tissue samples. Several Data Mining Classifiers have been proposed recently to predict/identify the cancer patterns. In this research work, we have focused and studied a few Classification Techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Nearest Neighbor Classifier (k-NN), ICS4, Non-Parallel Plane Proximal Classifier (NPPC), NPPC-SVM, and Margin-based Feature Elimination-SVM (MFE-SVM). The performances of these classifiers have been analyzed in terms of Threshold Level, Execution Time, Memory Usage and Memory Utilization. From our experimental results, we revealed that the Threshold level and Execution Time to predict the Cancer Patterns are different for different Classifiers. Our experimental results established that among the above identified classifiers, the k-NN classifier achieves less Threshold to predict the cancer pattern, but however it consumes more execution time, whereas the MFE-SVM achieves less execution time to predict the cancer pattern, but it still needs more threshold to predict the Pattern. That is to find the best single classifier in terms of Threshold and Execution Time is still complicated. To address this major issue, we have proposed an efficient Classifier called Maximizing Feature Elimination Technique based Hybrid Classifier (MFE-HC), which is the combination of both k-NN and SVM classifiers. From the results, it is established that our proposed work performs better than both the k-NN and MFE-SVM Classifiers interms of Threshold and Execution Time.
基因表达分析中最重要的应用是利用已知的组织样本发现或分类未知的组织样本。最近提出了几个数据挖掘分类器来预测/识别癌症模式。在本研究中,我们重点研究了支持向量机(SVM)、最近邻分类器(k-NN)、ICS4、非平行平面近端分类器(NPPC)、NPPC-SVM和基于边缘的特征消除支持向量机(MFE-SVM)等几种分类技术。从阈值水平、执行时间、内存使用和内存利用率等方面分析了这些分类器的性能。实验结果表明,不同分类器预测癌症模式的阈值水平和执行时间是不同的。我们的实验结果表明,在上述识别的分类器中,k-NN分类器预测癌症模式的执行时间较少,但消耗的执行时间较多,而MFE-SVM预测癌症模式的执行时间较少,但仍然需要更多的阈值来预测模式。即根据阈值和执行时间找到最佳的单一分类器仍然是复杂的。为了解决这个主要问题,我们提出了一种高效的分类器,称为基于最大特征消除技术的混合分类器(MFE-HC),它是k-NN和SVM分类器的组合。从结果来看,我们提出的工作在阈值和执行时间方面优于k-NN和MFE-SVM分类器。
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引用次数: 1
Novel reconfigurable architecture with low complexity FIR filter 新颖的可重构结构,低复杂度FIR滤波器
Sagadevan K V Babu, Samson S Arivumani, Asst Pg Scholar, Asst Prof, Prof
Reconfigurability and low complexity are two key requirements of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters employed in multi-standard wireless communication systems. In this paper, two new reconfigurable architectures of low complexity FIR filters are proposed, namely Constant Shift Method and Programmable Shift Method. The proposed FIR filter architecture is capable of operating for different wordlength filter coefficients without any overhead in the hardware circuitry. This reconfigurable architecture filters can be efficiently implemented by using common subexpression elimination (CSE) algorithm. Design examples show that the proposed 3 bit Binary Common Subexpression Elimination Constant Shift Method architecture offer speed improvement and Programmable Shift Method architecture offer area and power reduction compared to existing reconfigurable FIR filter.
可重构性和低复杂度是多标准无线通信系统中有限脉冲响应滤波器的两个关键要求。本文提出了两种新的低复杂度FIR滤波器的可重构结构,即恒移法和可编程移法。所提出的FIR滤波器架构能够在不增加硬件电路开销的情况下对不同字长滤波器系数进行操作。通过使用公共子表达式消除(CSE)算法,可以有效地实现这种可重构的体系结构过滤器。设计实例表明,与现有的可重构FIR滤波器相比,所提出的3位二进制公共子表达式消除恒定移位方法体系结构提供了速度提高和可编程移位方法体系结构提供了面积和功耗降低。
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引用次数: 1
Vegetable price prediction using data mining classification technique 基于数据挖掘分类技术的蔬菜价格预测
G. M. Nasira, N. Hemageetha
Each and every sector in this digital world is undergoing a dramatic change due to the influence of IT field. The agricultural sector needs more support for its development in developing countries like India. Price prediction helps the farmers and also Government to make effective decision. Based on the complexity of vegetable price prediction, making use of the characteristics of neural networks such as self-adapt, self-study and high fault tolerance, to build up the model of Back-propagation neural network to predict vegetable price. A prediction model was set up by applying the neural network. Taking tomato as an example, the parameters of the model are analyzed through experiment. At the end of the result of Back-propagation neural network shows absolute error percentage of monthly and weekly vegetable price prediction and analyze the accuracy percentage of the price prediction.
由于IT领域的影响,这个数字世界的每一个领域都在发生着巨大的变化。在印度等发展中国家,农业部门的发展需要更多的支持。价格预测有助于农民和政府做出有效的决策。针对蔬菜价格预测的复杂性,利用神经网络的自适应、自学习和高容错性等特点,建立了反向传播神经网络预测蔬菜价格的模型。应用神经网络建立了预测模型。以番茄为例,通过实验对模型参数进行了分析。最后给出了反向传播神经网络的月度和每周蔬菜价格预测的绝对误差百分比,并分析了价格预测的准确率百分比。
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引用次数: 24
Single-term Haar wavelet series technique for time varying linear and non-linear singular systems 时变线性和非线性奇异系统的单项Haar小波序列技术
S. Sekar, K. Prabakaran, E. Paramanathen
In this paper, a new technique known as Single Term Haar Wavelet Series (STHWS) has been presented to determine the solutions for the time varying linear and non-linear singular systems. The exact solutions and the solutions by the classical fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK) method for the problems of time varying linear and non-linear singular systems are compared with the simulated results by STHWS method. This new approach provides a better accuracy in finding discrete solutions of time varying systems for any length of time and it can be easily implemented in a digital computer which is an added advantage of this method.
本文提出了一种新的方法——单项Haar小波级数(STHWS)来确定时变线性和非线性奇异系统的解。对时变线性和非线性奇异系统问题的精确解和经典四阶龙格-库塔(RK)方法的解与STHWS方法的模拟结果进行了比较。该方法在求时变系统任意时间长度的离散解时具有较高的精度,并且易于在数字计算机上实现,这是该方法的另一个优点。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Informatics and Medical Engineering (PRIME-2012)
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