{"title":"From Short to Longer Term Contracts: Factors Affecting Participation in Farmland Longer Rentals \u0000in Razan County, Iran","authors":"H. Varmazyari, F. Ansari, A. Asadi, S. Tione","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79734875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium infection in carnation is the most important limiting factor for carnation production. We isolated 38 fungal isolates from infected carnation plants collected from Mahallat, Iran, and 15 Fusarium species were identified morphologically. Isolates of J14, k5, and k72 were the most pathogenic isolates in pathogenicity test on White Liberty cultivar. Molecular identification of J14, k5, and k72 isolates was done based on Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene. To investigate the effect of Trichoderma and some of its mutants on reducing the Fusarium infection, six wild type isolates were examined. The species of T. harzianum, T. virense, and T. ghanens showed more inhabitation potential and were chosen for induced mutation via gamma irradiation at 250 Gy. The number of 270 mutants were screened morphologically and 60 mutants were screened using dual culture against J14, k5, and k72. Morphological and molecular identification of J14, k5, and k72 isolates recognized them as F. oxysporum. Three mutants, i.e. ThM7(67.17%), TgM1 (59.45%), and TvM17(57.55%) showed the highest efficacy and were selected. Evaluation test of efficacy in greenhouse by mixture of T. harzianum, T. virense and T. ghanens (TW) and mixture of mutant isolates ThM7 , TgM1, and TvM17 (TM) showed that biological method had higher ability to control Fusarium infection on carnation plants in greenhouse condition, and mutation had no adverse effects on plants. The results of this experiment proved that the use of mutation in the Trichoderma genome with the use of gamma radiation could be an effective way to achieve isolates with better performance in this bio-control
香石竹镰刀菌感染是制约香石竹生产的重要因素。从伊朗Mahallat地区采集的康乃馨感染株中分离到38株真菌，鉴定出15种镰刀菌。J14、k5和k72是白自由品种致病性最强的分离株。利用伸长因子1-α (EF1-α)基因对分离菌株J14、k5和k72进行了分子鉴定。为研究木霉及其一些突变体对减少镰刀菌感染的作用，对6株野生型菌株进行了检测。采用250 Gy γ射线诱变法对哈氏T. harzianum、T. virense和T. ghanens三种病原菌进行诱变。形态学上筛选了270个突变体，其中J14、k5和k72的双重培养筛选了60个突变体。J14、k5和k72的形态和分子鉴定鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌。3个突变体ThM7(67.17%)、TgM1(59.45%)和TvM17(57.55%)的效力最高，被选择。在温室条件下，通过哈兹兰镰刀菌(T. harzianum, T. virense, T. ghanens)和ThM7、TgM1和TvM17突变株(TM)的混合药效评价试验表明，生物学方法对温室条件下康乃馨植株镰刀菌侵染有较高的控制能力，突变株对植株无不良影响。本实验结果证明，利用突变的木霉基因组与伽马射线的使用可能是一种有效的方法，以获得较好的分离性能，在这种生物防治
{"title":"Effective Biological Control of Carnation Fusarium Wilt Using a New Combination of Trichoderma Mutant Isolates","authors":"F. Zaker Tavallaie, S. Shahbazi, Z. Daroodi","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1501","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium infection in carnation is the most important limiting factor for carnation production. We isolated 38 fungal isolates from infected carnation plants collected from Mahallat, Iran, and 15 Fusarium species were identified morphologically. Isolates of J14, k5, and k72 were the most pathogenic isolates in pathogenicity test on White Liberty cultivar. Molecular identification of J14, k5, and k72 isolates was done based on Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene. To investigate the effect of Trichoderma and some of its mutants on reducing the Fusarium infection, six wild type isolates were examined. The species of T. harzianum, T. virense, and T. ghanens showed more inhabitation potential and were chosen for induced mutation via gamma irradiation at 250 Gy. The number of 270 mutants were screened morphologically and 60 mutants were screened using dual culture against J14, k5, and k72. Morphological and molecular identification of J14, k5, and k72 isolates recognized them as F. oxysporum. Three mutants, i.e. ThM7(67.17%), TgM1 (59.45%), and TvM17(57.55%) showed the highest efficacy and were selected. Evaluation test of efficacy in greenhouse by mixture of T. harzianum, T. virense and T. ghanens (TW) and mixture of mutant isolates ThM7 , TgM1, and TvM17 (TM) showed that biological method had higher ability to control Fusarium infection on carnation plants in greenhouse condition, and mutation had no adverse effects on plants. The results of this experiment proved that the use of mutation in the Trichoderma genome with the use of gamma radiation could be an effective way to achieve isolates with better performance in this bio-control","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80704917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Habibi, E. Faghani, M. Rezaiei, M. Mahmoudjanloo, M. Razzaghi
This research was carried out to provide suitable cotton seed for seed propagation in dryland. In this study, the potential of cotton seeds that have been stressed for the third-consecutive year was investigated to evaluate water stress memory responses. The experiment was arranged in split-plot factorial design with four irrigation levels of W 0 (No- irrigation), W 1 (33% FC), W 2 (66% FC), and W 3 (100% FC), as the main factor, and five seed treatments (four third-stressed seeds, i.e. S 21 to S 24 , and registered seed), as a sub-plot. Seeds of cotton were grown under different levels of water-stress exposure for three crop-seasons. As results showed, S 32 received water stress signal in both W 0 and W 3 conditions through physiological mechanisms change. Seeds of S 32 accumulated the lowest ABA and the highest calcium in exposure to W 0 and W 3 . Enhancement to superoxide dismutase and Aspartate peroxidase activity in leaves of S 32 in exposure to W 0 and W 1 is another memorial stress mechanism for scarce water acclimation. The highest-potential thirty-boll weight, thirty-fiber weight, and first-harvesting yield were obtained from S 32 against W 0 , W 1 , and W 2. . Also, the seeds of S 32 had the most seedling vigor and germination percentage in exposure to W 0 , W 1 , and W 2 . It can be concluded that stress memory, via modification of physiology and morphology of plant behavior, helps plants to tolerate water deficiency when subjected to recurrent drought.
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Stress Memory in Compensation Response of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during Subsequent Water Deficiency","authors":"M. Habibi, E. Faghani, M. Rezaiei, M. Mahmoudjanloo, M. Razzaghi","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1413","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to provide suitable cotton seed for seed propagation in dryland. In this study, the potential of cotton seeds that have been stressed for the third-consecutive year was investigated to evaluate water stress memory responses. The experiment was arranged in split-plot factorial design with four irrigation levels of W 0 (No- irrigation), W 1 (33% FC), W 2 (66% FC), and W 3 (100% FC), as the main factor, and five seed treatments (four third-stressed seeds, i.e. S 21 to S 24 , and registered seed), as a sub-plot. Seeds of cotton were grown under different levels of water-stress exposure for three crop-seasons. As results showed, S 32 received water stress signal in both W 0 and W 3 conditions through physiological mechanisms change. Seeds of S 32 accumulated the lowest ABA and the highest calcium in exposure to W 0 and W 3 . Enhancement to superoxide dismutase and Aspartate peroxidase activity in leaves of S 32 in exposure to W 0 and W 1 is another memorial stress mechanism for scarce water acclimation. The highest-potential thirty-boll weight, thirty-fiber weight, and first-harvesting yield were obtained from S 32 against W 0 , W 1 , and W 2. . Also, the seeds of S 32 had the most seedling vigor and germination percentage in exposure to W 0 , W 1 , and W 2 . It can be concluded that stress memory, via modification of physiology and morphology of plant behavior, helps plants to tolerate water deficiency when subjected to recurrent drought.","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89210304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat floret primordia develop in a rather narrow window of time, mostly coinciding with stem elongation. That is why the stem elongation phase is considerd a critical period for grain number and yield determination. Under controlled conditions, floral primordia development of 10 mostly adopted bread wheat cultivars including Bayat, Azadi, Falat, Navid, Chamran, Marvdasht, Pishtaz, Shiraz, Sirvan, and Baharan, which were released during the last five decades, was studied in detail at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Floral primordia monitoring showed that visible floral degradation among wheat cultivars occurred at several floral developmental stages from green anther (GA) to anthesis (AN). Floral degradation period started from yellow anther stage and was longer in cultivars with lower grain number per spike (Bayat, Navid, Shiraz and Azadi cultivars). Also, cultivars that started stem elongation earlier, such as Sirvan, Baharan, Chamran, and Falat, had extended period for stem elongation and produced higher grain number per spike. Overall, it appeared that under short growing seasons of semi-arid regions, in which delay in flowering usually results in more floral mortality during GA to AN, cultivars with earlier stem elongation could be more efficient in production of grains.
{"title":"Differential Floral Developmental Patterns in Some Recently Released Iranian Bread Wheat Cultivars","authors":"M. Jahani Doghozlou, Y. Emam","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1397","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat floret primordia develop in a rather narrow window of time, mostly coinciding with stem elongation. That is why the stem elongation phase is considerd a critical period for grain number and yield determination. Under controlled conditions, floral primordia development of 10 mostly adopted bread wheat cultivars including Bayat, Azadi, Falat, Navid, Chamran, Marvdasht, Pishtaz, Shiraz, Sirvan, and Baharan, which were released during the last five decades, was studied in detail at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Floral primordia monitoring showed that visible floral degradation among wheat cultivars occurred at several floral developmental stages from green anther (GA) to anthesis (AN). Floral degradation period started from yellow anther stage and was longer in cultivars with lower grain number per spike (Bayat, Navid, Shiraz and Azadi cultivars). Also, cultivars that started stem elongation earlier, such as Sirvan, Baharan, Chamran, and Falat, had extended period for stem elongation and produced higher grain number per spike. Overall, it appeared that under short growing seasons of semi-arid regions, in which delay in flowering usually results in more floral mortality during GA to AN, cultivars with earlier stem elongation could be more efficient in production of grains.","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88518349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural sector plays a fundamental role in development, especially in developing countries. Investment in targeted agribusinesses can develop and improve agricultural value chains. Because of capital shortages and different investment requirements of the sector, the capital allocation has become an important decision-making issue for managers and investors of the agricultural sector in recent years. Investors have many alternative investment options in the agriculture sector and factors such as return on investment, investor expertise and interest, government policies, and the comparative advantages of each region can affect the direction of the capital to different agricultural subsectors. The main objective of this study was to investigate investment priorities in the livestock and poultry value chains of Khorasan Razavi Province in Iran. This paper employs the Analytic Network Process (ANP) model for agribusiness investment decisions, which is one of the important Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The contribution of this research is that it ranks agribusiness activities on the livestock and poultry value chains and determines the most important areas for investment direction. The results show that “government policies and laws” are the most important factor for business selection in the livestock and poultry subsectors. Furthermore, livestock and poultry feed businesses contribute the most to the progress of the value chains. Therefore, stability in policy-making and appropriate legislation to support agricultural businesses can be effective in this regard.
{"title":"Investment Priorities in the Livestock and Poultry Agribusinesses Value Chains","authors":"E. Azam Rahmati, H. Mohammadi, A. Karbasi","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1281","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural sector plays a fundamental role in development, especially in developing countries. Investment in targeted agribusinesses can develop and improve agricultural value chains. Because of capital shortages and different investment requirements of the sector, the capital allocation has become an important decision-making issue for managers and investors of the agricultural sector in recent years. Investors have many alternative investment options in the agriculture sector and factors such as return on investment, investor expertise and interest, government policies, and the comparative advantages of each region can affect the direction of the capital to different agricultural subsectors. The main objective of this study was to investigate investment priorities in the livestock and poultry value chains of Khorasan Razavi Province in Iran. This paper employs the Analytic Network Process (ANP) model for agribusiness investment decisions, which is one of the important Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The contribution of this research is that it ranks agribusiness activities on the livestock and poultry value chains and determines the most important areas for investment direction. The results show that “government policies and laws” are the most important factor for business selection in the livestock and poultry subsectors. Furthermore, livestock and poultry feed businesses contribute the most to the progress of the value chains. Therefore, stability in policy-making and appropriate legislation to support agricultural businesses can be effective in this regard.","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"19 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89385451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mustapha, N. Man, J. Arif Shah, N. Hirawaty Kamaruzzaman, A. Abubakar Tafida
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation role of motivation in the relationships between awareness, accessibility, perceived organizational support, and adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The data was obtained using the multi-stage cluster sampling method with questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. While structural equation modelling was used for the analysis, Constructivism Theory, Digital Divide Theory, as well as Vroom's Expectancy Theory were adopted in the study. The majority of the respondents were males, married, and in their middle age with long years of work experience who had also obtained either high school diploma or Bachelor degree. The direct relationship paths showed that the exogenous construct [awareness, accessibility, Perceived Organizational Support (POS)] had a direct positive effect on the endogenous construct (ICT adoption) with an R 2 value of .23 (23%). The final model has an R 2 of 0.47 (47%) of the variation in ICT adoption explained by the model with a substantial increase in the direct model, which explains 23% of the variation. The mediation effect of motivation in the relationships between awareness, accessibility, POS, and ICT adoption was also established indicating partial mediation. The study recommends that extension organizations should be mindful of the motivation levels of their employee to facilitate the adoption of ICT in extension work, which will facilitate timely delivery of messages, cover the manpower shortages, reduce cost, as well as a total transformation of agricultural development in the area.
{"title":"Mediating Role of Motivation in the Relationships between Awareness, Accessibility, Perceived Organizational Support and Adoption of ICT among Extension \u0000Agents in North-East, Nigeria","authors":"S. Mustapha, N. Man, J. Arif Shah, N. Hirawaty Kamaruzzaman, A. Abubakar Tafida","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1313","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation role of motivation in the relationships between awareness, accessibility, perceived organizational support, and adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The data was obtained using the multi-stage cluster sampling method with questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. While structural equation modelling was used for the analysis, Constructivism Theory, Digital Divide Theory, as well as Vroom's Expectancy Theory were adopted in the study. The majority of the respondents were males, married, and in their middle age with long years of work experience who had also obtained either high school diploma or Bachelor degree. The direct relationship paths showed that the exogenous construct [awareness, accessibility, Perceived Organizational Support (POS)] had a direct positive effect on the endogenous construct (ICT adoption) with an R 2 value of .23 (23%). The final model has an R 2 of 0.47 (47%) of the variation in ICT adoption explained by the model with a substantial increase in the direct model, which explains 23% of the variation. The mediation effect of motivation in the relationships between awareness, accessibility, POS, and ICT adoption was also established indicating partial mediation. The study recommends that extension organizations should be mindful of the motivation levels of their employee to facilitate the adoption of ICT in extension work, which will facilitate timely delivery of messages, cover the manpower shortages, reduce cost, as well as a total transformation of agricultural development in the area.","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89831460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ranjbar, H. Allahyari, K. Talebi Jahromi, A. Heidari
Water hardness can negatively affect the efficiency of pesticides. This study aimed to determine the effect of water hardness and adjuvants added to spray solution on the efficiency of insecticides. Three insecticides, namely, malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen, were mixed in well water samples at 1,869, 645, and 265 mg L -1 hardness, standard, and deionized water, and applied against the second instar nymph of Bemisia tabaci using leaf dip method. In another experiment, Zero-7 at 150 ppm and Arkan at 180 ppm as additives were added to water with 1869 and 645 mg L -1 hardness, separately. LC 50 values showed that the toxicity of malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen was 40, 157, and 84 times less in hard water (1,869 mg L -1 hardness) than deionized water. The efficacy of malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen was 13, 65, and 39 times less when they were diluted in water with 645 mg L -1 hardness than deionized water. Malathion provided 37.28 and 18.59% greater toxicity when applied in hard water containing Zero-7 and Arkan than water without the adjuvants. The efficacy of acetamiprid was, respectively, 16.93 and 18.68% greater when it was applied in hard water containing Zero-7 and Arkan compared to water without the additives. Zero-7 and Arkan in hard water enhanced the efficacy of spiromesifen by 10.26 and 13.68% compared to water without adjuvants. Generally, the toxicity of the insecticides on B. tabaci was considerably reduced at the highest levels of water hardness. In contrast,
水的硬度会对农药的药效产生负面影响。本研究旨在研究水的硬度和喷雾溶液中添加的佐剂对杀虫剂药效的影响。在1869、645、265 mg L -1硬度的井水、标准水和去离子水中混合马拉硫磷、啶虫脒和螺虫胺3种杀虫剂，采用叶浸法对烟粉虱二龄若虫施用。在另一项实验中，将Zero-7 (150 ppm)和Arkan (180 ppm)作为添加剂分别添加到硬度为1869和645 mg L -1的水中。LC - 50值表明，在硬水(硬度1869 mg L -1)中，马拉硫磷、啶虫脒和螺虫西芬的毒性分别比去离子水低40、157和84倍。马拉硫磷、啶虫脒和螺虫西芬在645 mg L -1硬度的水中稀释后的疗效分别是去离子水的13倍、65倍和39倍。马拉硫磷在含Zero-7和Arkan的硬水中的毒性比不含佐剂的硬水高37.28%和18.59%。对乙酰咪啶在含有Zero-7和Arkan的硬水中施用的效果分别比在不含添加剂的硬水中施用的效果高16.93%和18.68%。Zero-7和Arkan在硬水中的效果分别比不加佐剂的水提高10.26%和13.68%。一般来说，在最高的水硬度水平下，杀虫剂对烟粉虱的毒性显著降低。相比之下,
{"title":"Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Different Insecticides under Water \u0000Hardness Condition and Additives","authors":"S. Ranjbar, H. Allahyari, K. Talebi Jahromi, A. Heidari","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1385","url":null,"abstract":"Water hardness can negatively affect the efficiency of pesticides. This study aimed to determine the effect of water hardness and adjuvants added to spray solution on the efficiency of insecticides. Three insecticides, namely, malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen, were mixed in well water samples at 1,869, 645, and 265 mg L -1 hardness, standard, and deionized water, and applied against the second instar nymph of Bemisia tabaci using leaf dip method. In another experiment, Zero-7 at 150 ppm and Arkan at 180 ppm as additives were added to water with 1869 and 645 mg L -1 hardness, separately. LC 50 values showed that the toxicity of malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen was 40, 157, and 84 times less in hard water (1,869 mg L -1 hardness) than deionized water. The efficacy of malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen was 13, 65, and 39 times less when they were diluted in water with 645 mg L -1 hardness than deionized water. Malathion provided 37.28 and 18.59% greater toxicity when applied in hard water containing Zero-7 and Arkan than water without the adjuvants. The efficacy of acetamiprid was, respectively, 16.93 and 18.68% greater when it was applied in hard water containing Zero-7 and Arkan compared to water without the additives. Zero-7 and Arkan in hard water enhanced the efficacy of spiromesifen by 10.26 and 13.68% compared to water without adjuvants. Generally, the toxicity of the insecticides on B. tabaci was considerably reduced at the highest levels of water hardness. In contrast,","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78632416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated the effects of frying and cooling of chicken nuggets under vacuum and atmospheric pressure on the qualitative properties of frying oil. For this purpose, first, two cooling treatments were applied to nuggets fried at 170°C under atmospheric pressure. One treatment was subsequently cooled at atmospheric pressure (control) and the other at 10 kPa. Other treatments included frying at temperatures of 115 and 170°C under the pressure of 10 kPa before cooling at pressures of 10 kPa and atmospheric levels. Results indicated that frying and cooling at 170°C increased acid value, polar compounds, viscosity, redness, yellowness, and oil oxidation. Also, this treatment reduced the oil's unsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, minimum values of acid content, viscosity, and oxidation rate were observed in the oil used to vacuum fry at 115°C and subsequently cooled at 10 kPa pressure. Moreover, these samples exhibited the highest quantities of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids due to the lower oxidation taking place in such unsaturated fatty acids under the vacuum rather than the atmospheric pressure. Based on the results obtained, frying and cooling at 115°C under vacuum seems to have the least unfavorable effects on frying oil.
{"title":"Studying the Physicochemical Alterations of Oil after Frying and Cooling Chicken Nugget under Vacuum and Atmospheric Conditions","authors":"E. Mousavi, N. Soltanizadeh, S. A. Hossein Goli","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1357","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the effects of frying and cooling of chicken nuggets under vacuum and atmospheric pressure on the qualitative properties of frying oil. For this purpose, first, two cooling treatments were applied to nuggets fried at 170°C under atmospheric pressure. One treatment was subsequently cooled at atmospheric pressure (control) and the other at 10 kPa. Other treatments included frying at temperatures of 115 and 170°C under the pressure of 10 kPa before cooling at pressures of 10 kPa and atmospheric levels. Results indicated that frying and cooling at 170°C increased acid value, polar compounds, viscosity, redness, yellowness, and oil oxidation. Also, this treatment reduced the oil's unsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, minimum values of acid content, viscosity, and oxidation rate were observed in the oil used to vacuum fry at 115°C and subsequently cooled at 10 kPa pressure. Moreover, these samples exhibited the highest quantities of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids due to the lower oxidation taking place in such unsaturated fatty acids under the vacuum rather than the atmospheric pressure. Based on the results obtained, frying and cooling at 115°C under vacuum seems to have the least unfavorable effects on frying oil.","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84880724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of gum tragacanth (0, and 0.15%) and Fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare ) (0, 2.5, and 5%) on the chemical and rheological properties, phase separation, Lactic Acid Bacteria ( LAB ) viability, and sensory characteristics of an Iranian dairy drink "Doogh" was investigated during 20 days of storage. Results cleared the stability of Dooghs prepared with Gum Tragacanth Dispersions (GTD) was significantly higher than samples without this hydrocolloid (P < 0.05). Doogh samples’ viscosity in the presence of Fennel Extract Powder (FEP) was increased significantly (P < 0.05). Power-law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models were appropriate models for describing the flow behavior of control and treated Doogh samples, respectively. The results showed that by increasing the amounts of FEP, LAB viability increased while the fungi population decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Therefore, this herbal powder could stimulate LAB growth and control the fungi population in treated samples. Finally, adding GTD to the Doogh sample was proper for improving stability, and enrichment with Fennel was suitable for increasing LAB viability and microbial spoilage control.
{"title":"Characterization of Iranian Doogh Enriched with Gum Tragacanth and Fennel Extract (Foeniculum Vulgare)","authors":"S. Ghosi Hoojaghan, M. Sedaghati, N. Mooraki","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1345","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of gum tragacanth (0, and 0.15%) and Fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare ) (0, 2.5, and 5%) on the chemical and rheological properties, phase separation, Lactic Acid Bacteria ( LAB ) viability, and sensory characteristics of an Iranian dairy drink \"Doogh\" was investigated during 20 days of storage. Results cleared the stability of Dooghs prepared with Gum Tragacanth Dispersions (GTD) was significantly higher than samples without this hydrocolloid (P < 0.05). Doogh samples’ viscosity in the presence of Fennel Extract Powder (FEP) was increased significantly (P < 0.05). Power-law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models were appropriate models for describing the flow behavior of control and treated Doogh samples, respectively. The results showed that by increasing the amounts of FEP, LAB viability increased while the fungi population decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Therefore, this herbal powder could stimulate LAB growth and control the fungi population in treated samples. Finally, adding GTD to the Doogh sample was proper for improving stability, and enrichment with Fennel was suitable for increasing LAB viability and microbial spoilage control.","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81043302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bazoobandi, A. Fotovat, A. Halajnia, A. Philippe
The widespread use of silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various industries has raised concerns about the fate of these materials. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of coating agents of Ag particles in soil and how they interact with plants as the first step in the human food chain. Radish ( Raphanus sativus ) was exposed to silver Nitrate (AgNO 3 ) as well as AgNPs with different coatings: Citrate (AgNPs-Cit), Polyethyleneimine (AgNPs-PEI), and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNPs-PVP) at different concentrations. The effect of concentration (5, 25, 125 mg kg -1 soil) and the type of coatings on the dry weight of radish were compared with the control. The results revealed that the type of treatments affected dry weight of radish and, among all treatments, AgNO 3 had the highest weight loss, in which shoot dry weight decreased by 51%. Total silver measurement in radish root, tuber, and shoot indicated that the accumulation of AgNPs was influenced by the type and concentration of the coating. The AgNPs with positive charge coating (PEI) had a higher transfer ratio than other treatments. The findings indicated that radish had the ability to store silver in its root, tuber, and shoots in large amounts, thus having the potential to act as a source of silver contamination for humans.
银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)在各行各业的广泛应用引起了人们对这些材料命运的关注。因此，作为人类食物链的第一步，本研究旨在评估土壤中银颗粒包衣剂的作用以及它们如何与植物相互作用。萝卜(Raphanus sativus)暴露于硝酸银(agno3)和不同涂层的AgNPs:柠檬酸盐(AgNPs- cit)、聚乙烯亚胺(AgNPs- pei)和聚乙烯吡罗烷酮(AgNPs- pvp)。比较了5、25、125 mg kg -1土壤处理浓度和涂膜类型对萝卜干重的影响。结果表明，不同处理对萝卜干重有影响，其中agno3处理的干重降幅最大，枝条干重降幅达51%。萝卜根、块茎和茎部的总银测定结果表明，包膜类型和浓度对AgNPs的积累有影响。带有正电荷涂层(PEI)的AgNPs比其他处理具有更高的转移率。研究结果表明，萝卜具有在其根、块茎和芽中大量储存银的能力，因此有可能成为人类银污染的来源。
{"title":"Effect of Coating Agents of Silver Nanoparticles on Their Accumulation in and Growth of Radish (Raphanus sativus )","authors":"A. Bazoobandi, A. Fotovat, A. Halajnia, A. Philippe","doi":"10.52547/jast.24.6.1473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jast.24.6.1473","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various industries has raised concerns about the fate of these materials. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of coating agents of Ag particles in soil and how they interact with plants as the first step in the human food chain. Radish ( Raphanus sativus ) was exposed to silver Nitrate (AgNO 3 ) as well as AgNPs with different coatings: Citrate (AgNPs-Cit), Polyethyleneimine (AgNPs-PEI), and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNPs-PVP) at different concentrations. The effect of concentration (5, 25, 125 mg kg -1 soil) and the type of coatings on the dry weight of radish were compared with the control. The results revealed that the type of treatments affected dry weight of radish and, among all treatments, AgNO 3 had the highest weight loss, in which shoot dry weight decreased by 51%. Total silver measurement in radish root, tuber, and shoot indicated that the accumulation of AgNPs was influenced by the type and concentration of the coating. The AgNPs with positive charge coating (PEI) had a higher transfer ratio than other treatments. The findings indicated that radish had the ability to store silver in its root, tuber, and shoots in large amounts, thus having the potential to act as a source of silver contamination for humans.","PeriodicalId":14931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90646513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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