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Plant metabolites modulate social networks and lifespan in a sawfly 植物代谢物调节锯蝇的社会网络和寿命
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14189
Pragya Singh, Leon Brueggemann, Steven Janz, Yasmina Saidi, Gaurav Baruah, Caroline Müller

社会互动影响着不同物种之间的疾病传播、信息流动和资源分配,但人们对社会互动频率的异质性及其对健康的影响仍然知之甚少。此外,外源化学物质(如一些动物物种利用的非营养性植物代谢物)在塑造社会网络中的作用仍不清楚。在这里,我们研究了非营养性植物代谢物如何影响芜菁锯蝇(Athalia rosae)的社会互动和寿命。成年锯蝇从非食用植物中获取新clerodane二萜("clerodanoids"),这可以作为一种防御捕食和提高交配成功率的手段。我们发现,在自然种群和实验室饲养的个体中,clerodanoids存在种内差异。clerodanoids还可以从事先接触到植物代谢物的同种个体那里获得,这导致了对抗性社会互动的增加。网络分析显示,在部分或所有个体都能事先接触到氯拟类化合物的锯螨群体中,社会互动增加,而不能事先接触到氯拟类化合物的群体互动较少。社会交往的频率受焦点个体和其他同种个体的类克兰诺丹状态的影响。最后,我们观察到,在与未曾接触过类病毒的个体分组时,曾接触过类病毒的成体寿命较短,这表明为获得类病毒而进行的社会交往需要付出健康代价。我们的研究结果凸显了获得非营养性植物代谢物的种内变异在塑造社会网络中的作用。这种变异会影响个体的适应性和社会互动,从而形成个体化的社会生态位。
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引用次数: 0
Severe fire regimes decrease resilience of ectothermic populations 严重的火灾会降低外温动物种群的恢复能力。
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14188
Heitor Campos de Sousa, Adriana Malvasio, Guarino Rinaldi Colli, Roberto Salguero-Gómez

了解种群对环境变化的反应对于减轻人类引起的干扰至关重要。在本文中,我们检验了有关人口复原力的三个重要组成部分(抵抗、补偿和恢复)如何随着三种蜥蜴暴露于多变的规定火灾制度下的不同生活史而共同变化的假设。利用贝叶斯分层框架,我们通过 14 年的月度个体数据和标记重捕模型估算了生命率(存活、生长和繁殖),并对巴西热带稀树草原五个地点的随机积分预测模型进行了参数化,每个地点历史上都曾遭受过不同的火灾。通过这些模型,我们研究了在不同的火灾机制下,天气、小气候和每个物种的生态生理特征如何影响它们的生命率、新出现的生活史特征和人口复原力。总体而言,天气和小气候比生态生理特征更能预测物种的生命率。我们的研究结果表明,严酷的火灾机制会增加种群的抵抗力,但会降低补偿或恢复能力。相反,在中等程度的火灾中,种群具有更高的补偿和恢复能力。此外,我们还发现,世代时间和繁殖输出是预测不同火灾机制和气候下恢复力趋势的因素。我们的分析表明,在这三个物种中,每月繁殖的概率和数量是人口复原力的最主要驱动因素。我们的研究结果表明,在严重的火灾情况下,种群会超过临界点,达到另一种稳定状态,从而持续存在。因此,更高的火灾制度异质性可以提高不同种群的繁殖能力和恢复力,避免环境同质化的严重火灾制度。尽管抵抗力较强,但世代时间长、繁殖力低的物种需要更长的时间来恢复,无法像生活节奏较快的物种那样得到补偿。我们强调了生殖限制(如胎生和固定的离合器大小)如何影响外温动物种群从干扰中获益和恢复的能力,强调了它们在保护评估中的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting yolk testosterone allocation using ecological contexts and species-specific traits 利用生态环境和物种特异性来预测卵黄睾酮的分配。
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14185
Anna O. James, Alexandra B. Bentz

产前睾酮(T)从母体向后代的转移是表型可塑性的一个重要来源。在鸟类中,暴露于与生态相关的刺激(如社会竞争或有吸引力的配偶)会使雌鸟在卵黄中沉积更多的睾酮。暴露于升高的卵黄 T 会改变后代的几种体能相关性状的表达(如生长、免疫功能、第二性征和行为)。尽管其中一些变化具有潜在的适应性,但并非所有研究都发现卵黄 T 水平会随着生态相关刺激因素的变化而变化。这种异质性目前还无法解释,限制了我们预测代际间对生态变化反应的能力。在此,我们进行了系统的文献检索,在39个野生物种中发现了119个观察结果,这些观察结果测量了卵黄T分配在各种刺激下的雌性间差异。我们利用机器学习的一种形式--助推回归树来检验物种特异性或研究水平变量的变化是否能解释卵黄T分配的变化(即有统计学意义的反应与无意义的反应)。我们发现,物种特异性和研究水平变量都是预测卵黄T水平显著变化的重要因素。地理范围(纬度和经度)、进化独特性、寿命、相对于雌性质量的卵量、社会性、迁徙状态和羽化时间是 48 个被研究物种中影响最大的前 10 个预测因子。我们还发现,与其他生态环境研究相比,测量或操纵社会刺激(如竞争和繁殖密度)或繁殖日期的研究更有可能发现卵黄T分配的变化。总之,这些数据提供了有关卵黄T分配及其在不同物种和环境中的适应价值的几个可检验的假设。此外,这些发现还有助于我们预测生态变化将如何影响雌性的激素反应,从而影响后代。
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引用次数: 0
Predicted short-term mesoscavenger release gives way to apex-scavenger dominance 预测的短期中层清道夫释放让位于顶层清道夫的主导地位。
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14180
J. G. Donohue, P. T. Piiroinen, A. Kane

秃鹫作为顶级食腐动物,在食腐群落中发挥着至关重要的作用。清道夫群落反过来又是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,确保快速有效地清除死亡生物量。人为干扰,尤其是大规模投毒,已经导致非洲和亚洲的秃鹫数量锐减。我们的问题是,秃鹫能否在濒临灭绝的情况下在食腐动物群落中重新建立自己的家园。为了最大限度地实现跨生态系统的知识转移,我们将重点放在一个被认为是原始的生态系统上。我们选择了克鲁格国家公园(KNP)--一个记录详实的非洲食腐动物群落--作为我们的重点生态系统,并利用该公园的实地数据对食腐动物群落动态数学模型进行了参数化。我们预测了秃鹫在 KNP 这样的生态系统中的种群数量上限。然后,我们利用这个经验参数化的清扫-群落模型分析了秃鹫的恢复路径。我们使用扰动方法来确定可能与金刚山国家公园有关的参数值如何影响我们的预测。将预测的秃鹫承载力与最近的种群估计值进行比较后发现,人类活动对秃鹫数量的累积影响比以前认为的要大。我们的分析表明,在秃鹫种群几乎灭绝的中毒事件发生约五十年后,秃鹫种群可以达到其承载能力。在更短的时间尺度内,我们预测哺乳动物的数量会在十年内增加(即中型食腐动物的释放),然后哺乳动物才会被排除在食腐动物群落之外。在我们的研究系统中,豺和鬣狗是预计会从秃鹫消失中受益的哺乳动物群体。然而,这两个群体清除生物量的效率都不如秃鹫,因此当秃鹫数量恢复时,动物尸体预计会在生态系统中累积。在我们的框架中,秃鹫种群的承载能力取决于动物尸体的可用性。由于缺乏其他调节因素的证据,我们得出结论,现今的秃鹫种群密度比其上限低了几个数量级。因此,我们的研究结果表明,在制定了恢复计划后,秃鹫物种和相关生态系统的长期前景是乐观的。
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引用次数: 0
Morph-linked variation in female pheromone signalling and male response in a polymorphic moth 一种多态蛾的雌性信息素信号和雄性响应的形态关联变异
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14182
Chiara De Pasqual, Eetu Selenius, Emily Burdfield-Steel, Johanna Mappes

要了解野外繁殖策略和多态性中遗传变异的维持情况,需要全面研究遗传基础、行为和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用。我们测试了木虎蛾(Arctia plantaginis)的三种颜色基因型与雌性信息素信号和雄性触角形态变异之间的关联。这些蛾的白色(WW、Wy)和黄色(yy)后翅是由基因决定的,它们与交配成功率和适应性有关,其中杂合子(Wy)具有优势。我们假设吸引力和繁殖成功率是相关的,Wy雌性比其他两种基因型更有吸引力,这可能有助于维持多态性。在低种群密度(即野外设置)和高种群密度(即大型围栏设置)条件下,我们都用诱饵诱捕三种颜色基因型的雌性,以测试雌性的吸引力。雄性接近雌性的能力与其自身的颜色基因型和触角形态(长度、面积和薄片数)相关。与我们的预测相反,与形态相关的繁殖成功率和吸引力并不相关。与 WW 和 yy 雌性相比,体重较大的 Wy 雌性吸引的雄性比例较低。具体来说,体重的增加会降低 Wy 雌性的吸引力,但增加 yy 雌性的吸引力。yy 雌性通常比其他雌性更有吸引力,这可能是由于信息素释放得更早。在雄性中,薄片数量和遗传颜色形态与雄性定位雌性的能力有关。此外,雄性的特征还以特定的方式影响它们接近雌性的能力。在围栏中,触角较密(即薄片数量较多)的雄性和白色雄性比黄色雄性更快找到雌性,而在野外,黄色雄性比白色雄性更快找到雌性。我们的研究结果表明,yy雌性吸引力较高可能是受早期信息素释放、雌性体重和较高种群密度的综合影响。雄性的搜寻成功率则受到形态特异性行为策略和当地种群密度的影响。最终,雌性与基因型相关的信息素信号策略以及环境依赖性雄性行为的综合效应会影响雄性的反应,并可能导致与适应性相关的性状保持变异。
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引用次数: 0
Age truncation due to disease shrinks metapopulation viability for amphibians 疾病导致的年龄截断缩小了两栖动物的元种群生存能力
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14177
Geoffrey W. Heard, Michael P. Scroggie, Matthijs Hollanders, Ben C. Scheele

在这种情况下,改变物种生命率的新威胁可能会大大增加种群灭绝的风险。我们将经验数据与元种群模拟相结合,研究与两栖动物糜烂真菌(Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis,Bd)相关的人口变化如何改变了澳大利亚受威胁两栖动物元种群的生存能力。将澳大利亚出现 Bd 之前收集的博物馆标本的年龄与地理上匹配的残存种群的个体进行比较,发现 Bd 后年龄结构明显截断,成年个体的年存活概率减半。空间现实元种群建模表明,成虫存活率降低导致焦点物种可能持续存在的参数空间大幅缩小,收缩到景观连通性较高、环境随机性较低和招募率较高的景观。与蝙蝠疫情发生前相比,蝙蝠疫情发生后的种群持续存在需要更高的景观连通性。这是因为在种群水平上,景观水平类似于补偿性招募,其中较高的(再)殖民率可以抵消更频繁的局部灭绝,从而使易受 Bd 感染的两栖动物得以持续生存。招募率、环境随机性和景观连通性之间的相互作用对于疫病后元种群的持续存在也更为重要。需要更高的招募率来减轻环境随机性的影响,需要更高的景观连通性来减轻环境随机性和低招募率的影响。对这些相互依存关系的依赖增加,缩小了猝死后元种群持续存在的参数空间。我们的研究表明,改变物种生命率的新威胁会大大降低某些环境对元种群的支持能力。对于我们的重点物种来说,Bd 导致的成体存活率下降会大大降低其持续生存的条件,这从机制上揭示了受这种病原体影响的两栖动物的生存范围和生态位收缩的基本过程。更广泛地说,我们的研究说明了在新型病原体出现后,环境介导的宿主恢复力是如何实现持续生存的。从概念和应用的角度来看,这种持续存在的途径都值得更多关注。
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引用次数: 0
Trophic cascades regulate arthropods density and plant damage across forest strata 营养级联调节森林各层节肢动物的密度和植物危害
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14181
Thiago Gonçalves-Souza

Research Highlight: Sivault, E., Kollross, J., Jorge, L., Finnie, S., Diez Mendez, D., Fernandez Garzon, S., Maraia, H., Lenc, J., Libra, M., Masashi, M., Nakaji, T., Nakamura, M., Sreekar, R., Sam, L., Abe, T., Weiss, M., & Sam, K. (2024). Insectivorous birds and bats outperform ants in the top-down regulation of arthropods across strata of a Japanese temperate forest. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14146. Top-down predators exert strong effects on prey populations. Theoretical and empirical studies investigating the cascading effects of predators on biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem functionality have been central to advancing ecology and conservation biology. Yet, how intraguild predation and niche overlap drive the strength and direction of trophic cascades across forest strata is still barely understood. In a study published in this issue, Sivault et al. (2024) investigated the impacts of excluding vertebrate (birds and bats) and invertebrate (ants) predators on arthropod herbivores and plant damage in understory and canopy forest strata. The study finds that birds and bats (but not ants) have negative impacts on herbivore density, which, in turn, benefits plants by reducing leaf damage. Additionally, the effects of vertebrate predators are similar across strata. The authors also show that herbivore density and herbivory are greater in the understory compared to the canopy strata. Sivault et al. (2024) demonstrate that intraguild predation and niche overlap dictate the strength and direction of trophic cascades in forest ecosystems. In addition, these findings shed new light on forest ecology and conservation, especially considering the potential negative effects of climate change on top predators.

研究亮点:Sivault, E., Kollross, J., Jorge, L., Finnie, S., Diez Mendez, D., Fernandez Garzon, S., Maraia, H., Lenc, J., Libra, M., Masashi, M., Nakaji, T., Nakamura, M., Sreekar, R., Sam, L., Abe, T., Weiss, M., & Sam, K. (2024).食虫鸟类和蝙蝠在日本温带森林各层自上而下调节节肢动物的能力优于蚂蚁。动物生态学杂志》。https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14146。自上而下的捕食者对猎物种群产生强烈影响。研究捕食者对生物多样性动态和生态系统功能的级联效应的理论和实证研究一直是推动生态学和保护生物学发展的核心。然而,人们对野外捕食和生态位重叠如何驱动森林各层营养级联的强度和方向仍然知之甚少。在本期发表的一项研究中,Sivault 等人(2024 年)调查了排除脊椎动物(鸟类和蝙蝠)和无脊椎动物(蚂蚁)捕食者对林下和林冠层节肢动物食草动物和植物损害的影响。研究发现,鸟类和蝙蝠(但不包括蚂蚁)对食草动物密度有负面影响,而食草动物密度反过来又通过减少叶片损伤而使植物受益。此外,脊椎动物捕食者对不同地层的影响是相似的。作者还表明,与冠层相比,底层的食草动物密度和食草量更大。Sivault 等人(2024 年)的研究表明,森林生态系统中营养级联的强度和方向受群内捕食和生态位重叠的影响。此外,这些发现为森林生态学和保护提供了新的思路,特别是考虑到气候变化对顶级捕食者的潜在负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cumulative and interannual effects of reproduction in eastern grey kangaroos 东部灰袋鼠繁殖的累积效应和年际效应
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14179
Kelly Forrester, Benjamin Larue, Wendy J. King, Marco Festa-Bianchet

繁殖会减少对其他生命史特征(如生存和生长)的能量分配。资源限制导致生命史特征的(共)变异以及能量获取和分配的异质性。在每次生殖机会中,雌性都要在当前生殖或维持生殖之间做出选择。许多研究对连续两年的生殖权衡进行了比较,但很少有研究考虑到多年生殖的累积效应,而这是了解长寿迭代物种生命史演化的一个关键因素。我们对东部灰袋鼠进行了为期 14 年的捕获-标记-再捕获研究,比较了短期(年际)和长期(累积)的生殖权衡。我们采用多元方法比较了年际和多年累积繁殖对生长(n = 378 个测量值)、质量变化(n = 376 个测量值)和后续繁殖(n = 388 个测量值)的影响,并量化了这些特征在个体(n = 107)和年份(n = 14)之间的(共)变异。与未繁殖的年轻雌性相比,年际间繁殖的年轻雌性骨骼生长速度下降。所有年龄段的繁殖雌性在第二年的增重和断奶概率都有所下降。多次繁殖的累积效应包括骨骼生长、增重和第二年断奶概率的降低。这些影响随着年龄和繁殖率的增加而增加。我们发现,个体间和年份间的质量变化、腿部生长和后续繁殖之间存在正性状相关性,但在累积水平上的相关性要弱于年际水平。雌性经历了动态的年际和累积权衡。我们对繁殖的累积成本进行的分析表明了长期权衡以及累积成本,而在估算年际成本时,这些成本并不明显。性状相关性表明,雌性在生长和繁殖方面存在异质性。生长速度快的年份繁殖速度也快,生长速度慢的年份繁殖速度也慢。我们对繁殖的年际成本和累积成本的研究强调,需要考虑长期的繁殖历史,以更好地理解长寿迭代物种的繁殖权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Mediterranean octocoral populations exposed to marine heatwaves are less resilient to disturbances 受海洋热浪影响的地中海章鱼种群抗干扰能力较弱
IF 4.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14147
Pol Capdevila, Yanis Zentner, Graciel·la Rovira, Joaquim Garrabou, Alba Medrano, Cristina Linares
The effects of climate change are now more pervasive than ever. Marine ecosystems have been particularly impacted by climate change, with marine heatwaves (MHWs) being a strong driver of mass mortality events. Even in the most optimistic greenhouse gas emission scenarios, MHWs will continue to increase in frequency, intensity and duration. For this reason, understanding the resilience of marine species to the increase of MHWs is crucial to predicting their viability under future climatic conditions. In this study, we explored the consequences of MHWs on the resilience (the ability of a population to resist and recover after a disturbance) of a Mediterranean key octocoral species, Paramuricea clavata, to further disturbances to their population structure. To quantify P. clavata's capacity to resist and recover from future disturbances, we used demographic information collected from 1999 to 2022, from two different sites in the NW Mediterranean Sea to calculate the transient dynamics of their populations. Our results showed that the differences in the dynamics of populations exposed and those not exposed to MHWs were driven mostly by differences in mean survivorship and growth. We also showed that after MHWs P. clavata populations had lower resistance and slower rates of recovery than those not exposed to MHWs. Populations exposed to MHWs had lower resistance elasticity to most demographic processes compared to unexposed populations. In contrast, the only demographic process showing some differences when comparing the speed of recovery elasticity values between populations exposed and unexposed to MHWs was stasis. Finally, under scenarios of increasing frequency of MHWs, the extinction of P. clavata populations will accelerate and their capacity to resist and recover after further disturbances will be hampered. Overall, these findings confirm that future climatic conditions will make octocoral populations even more vulnerable to further disturbances. These results highlight the importance of limiting local impacts on marine ecosystems to dampen the consequences of climate change.
气候变化的影响现在比以往任何时候都更加普遍。海洋生态系统受气候变化的影响尤为严重,海洋热浪(MHWs)是造成大规模死亡事件的主要原因。即使在最乐观的温室气体排放情景下,海洋热浪的频率、强度和持续时间也将继续增加。因此,了解海洋物种对 MHWs 增加的适应能力对于预测它们在未来气候条件下的生存能力至关重要。在这项研究中,我们探讨了MHWs对地中海主要章鱼物种Paramuricea clavata的恢复力(种群在受到干扰后抵抗和恢复的能力)的影响,以及对其种群结构的进一步干扰。为了量化 P. clavata 抵抗和恢复未来干扰的能力,我们利用 1999 年至 2022 年期间从地中海西北部两个不同地点收集的人口信息,计算了其种群的瞬时动态。我们的研究结果表明,受到和未受到MHWs影响的种群动态差异主要是由平均存活率和生长率的差异造成的。我们还发现,与未暴露于中等高度水下的种群相比,暴露于中等高度水下的 P. clavata 种群抵抗力较低,恢复速度较慢。与未暴露于 MHWs 的种群相比,暴露于 MHWs 的种群对大多数人口变化过程的抵抗力弹性较低。相比之下,在比较暴露于和未暴露于 MHWs 的种群的恢复速度弹性值时,唯一显示出一些差异的人口变化过程是停滞。最后,在MHWs发生频率增加的情况下,P. clavata种群的灭绝速度将加快,其抵抗和恢复进一步干扰的能力将受到阻碍。总之,这些研究结果证实,未来的气候条件将使章鱼种群更容易受到进一步的干扰。这些结果凸显了限制对海洋生态系统的局部影响以减轻气候变化后果的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Taylor's law on abundance unravels the role of traits and environmental conditions on population dynamics 泰勒丰度定律揭示了性状和环境条件对种群动态的作用
IF 3.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14178
Matías Arim, Mariana Illarze

种群丰度的均方差缩放或泰勒幂律(TPL)已被报道过数百次,它与竞争、扩散或领地性等生态过程有关。从这个意义上说,泰勒幂律已被广泛验证,以恢复种群变异性并显示生态机制的作用。Baumgartner 和 Peláez(2024 年)结合美国沿岸鱼类动态数据库、物种特征、物种系统发育和气候条件,估计了 972 个种群中 180 个物种的 TPL。观察到的缩放表明,种群的变异性随着丰度的增加而减小。值得注意的是,68%的方差-均值比例变化是由物种特征和环境条件解释的。具体来说,与体型有关的物种生活史是对 TPL 的主要解释,同时还报告了与其他河段相比,上游河段的种群变异性随平均丰度增加的速度更快。同样重要的是,物种所在群落的多样性并不影响缩放比例。这些结果提供了大量证据,说明了大地理尺度上 TPL 的性质,以及它们如何受到物种生物学和环境条件的影响。这一贡献将推动对 TPL 及其决定因素进行进一步的经验和理论分析。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Animal Ecology
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