Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273683
Rahul Das, V. Pooja, V. Kanchana
Diseases that affect plants restricts the growth, quality and quantity of the plant. This in turn reduces the productivity and affects the growth of the farmers. Image Processing, which is an evolving area and now with various research works have come with remedies for detecting plant diseases. Initially the infected region is identified and image pre-processing is performed such as color conversion, feature extraction and segmentation. At last, the classifiers are applied to get the results. There are various feature extraction techniques and classification techniques that are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Detection of diseases on visible part of plant — A review","authors":"Rahul Das, V. Pooja, V. Kanchana","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273683","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases that affect plants restricts the growth, quality and quantity of the plant. This in turn reduces the productivity and affects the growth of the farmers. Image Processing, which is an evolving area and now with various research works have come with remedies for detecting plant diseases. Initially the infected region is identified and image pre-processing is performed such as color conversion, feature extraction and segmentation. At last, the classifiers are applied to get the results. There are various feature extraction techniques and classification techniques that are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124744732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273717
N. Ananthi, J. Divya, M. Divya, V. Janani
Agriculture plays the major role in economics and survival of people in India. The purpose of this project is to provide embedded based system for soil monitoring and irrigation to reduce the manual monitoring of the field and get the information via mobile application. The system is proposed to help the farmers to increase the agricultural production. The soil is tested using various sensors such as pH sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. Based on the result, the farmers can cultivate the appropriate crop that suits the soil. The obtained sensor values are sent to the field manager through the Wi-Fi router and the crop suggestion is made through the mobile application. Automatic irrigation system is carried out when the soil temperature is high. Crop image is captured and it is sent to the field manager to suggest pesticides.
{"title":"IoT based smart soil monitoring system for agricultural production","authors":"N. Ananthi, J. Divya, M. Divya, V. Janani","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273717","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture plays the major role in economics and survival of people in India. The purpose of this project is to provide embedded based system for soil monitoring and irrigation to reduce the manual monitoring of the field and get the information via mobile application. The system is proposed to help the farmers to increase the agricultural production. The soil is tested using various sensors such as pH sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. Based on the result, the farmers can cultivate the appropriate crop that suits the soil. The obtained sensor values are sent to the field manager through the Wi-Fi router and the crop suggestion is made through the mobile application. Automatic irrigation system is carried out when the soil temperature is high. Crop image is captured and it is sent to the field manager to suggest pesticides.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132468416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273691
P. Arokianathan, V. Dinesh, B. Elamaran, M. Veluchamy, S. Sivakumar
In our everyday life, travellers pay an assured amount of tax all the way through toll plaza to the government. The national highways and bridges have toll gates, where people pay the charges for using the highways by standing in the queue, leading to unnecessary break of journey. Therefore, in order to abstain this issue, this proposed system approach for automating the payments of toll plaza by using a Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID) and security algorithm. In the proposed work, the user is allowed to login with the RFID system and can enter the source and destination. Then, the system shows the possible toll booths that blow in the way. After selecting the toll booths on the user's way, the user is redirected to the payment gateway. The payment gateway is encrypted to promote security. In order to abstain maltreatment of the system, the RFID is merged with the vehicle's number. A sensor is applied in every signal, to dig up the time at which the vehicle has passed by.
{"title":"Automated toll booth and theft detection system","authors":"P. Arokianathan, V. Dinesh, B. Elamaran, M. Veluchamy, S. Sivakumar","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273691","url":null,"abstract":"In our everyday life, travellers pay an assured amount of tax all the way through toll plaza to the government. The national highways and bridges have toll gates, where people pay the charges for using the highways by standing in the queue, leading to unnecessary break of journey. Therefore, in order to abstain this issue, this proposed system approach for automating the payments of toll plaza by using a Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID) and security algorithm. In the proposed work, the user is allowed to login with the RFID system and can enter the source and destination. Then, the system shows the possible toll booths that blow in the way. After selecting the toll booths on the user's way, the user is redirected to the payment gateway. The payment gateway is encrypted to promote security. In order to abstain maltreatment of the system, the RFID is merged with the vehicle's number. A sensor is applied in every signal, to dig up the time at which the vehicle has passed by.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123083079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273695
K. Karthikeyam, S. S. Sundar, C. B. S. Subramaniam, P. Sivakumar
India is set to be an agricultural based country. Approximately 75% of population of India is dependent on farming directly or indirectly. Our farmers are using the same methods and equipment for the ages. Eg: seed sowing, spraying, weeding etc. There is need for development of effective spraying and weeding machine for increasing the productivity. The main objective of our project is to design and development of semi-automated multipurpose agricultural wheel hoe to use of weeding, ploughing and cultivating in single equipment. Our aim is to reduce the man power required for the operation of the wheel hoe. The only way is to automate it but we cannot fully automate it due to few constraints such as it will require electricity which will not be mostly available in villages, we will be requiring Microprocessor and sensors which will again increase the cost and might require skill to use it.
{"title":"Design and development of a multi-utility agricultural vehicle","authors":"K. Karthikeyam, S. S. Sundar, C. B. S. Subramaniam, P. Sivakumar","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273695","url":null,"abstract":"India is set to be an agricultural based country. Approximately 75% of population of India is dependent on farming directly or indirectly. Our farmers are using the same methods and equipment for the ages. Eg: seed sowing, spraying, weeding etc. There is need for development of effective spraying and weeding machine for increasing the productivity. The main objective of our project is to design and development of semi-automated multipurpose agricultural wheel hoe to use of weeding, ploughing and cultivating in single equipment. Our aim is to reduce the man power required for the operation of the wheel hoe. The only way is to automate it but we cannot fully automate it due to few constraints such as it will require electricity which will not be mostly available in villages, we will be requiring Microprocessor and sensors which will again increase the cost and might require skill to use it.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121716995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273686
Shubhangi S. Wankhede, L. Armstrong, N. Gandhi
Drought in India is a natural phenomenon that has detrimental effect on its agricultural sectors. Regular periods of drought limit both the productivity and sustainability of farmers. This paper investigated the influence of drought on one of the major crops in the Maharashtra state of India. Impact of rainfall variations on the Kharif crop Jowar (Sorghum spp) was studied in order to determine the effect of drought on crop production. The study area included 25 districts of Maharashtra and used climate and cropping data from year 1983 to 2012 (30 years). Seasonal Rainfall in millimeters (mm) and crop yield production data in tonnes/hectare (t/h) for Jowar crop were used in the study. Association Rule Mining techniques were carried out on the data set to ascertain the relationship between patterns of rainfall and crop production for the jowar crop. The study examined the temporal and spatial variability in rainfall and crop yield production. Association rules were developed to characterise the crop production for various districts and years related to the drought period. A number of interesting associations were derived with rainfall variability and crop yield production for Maharashtra state of India. It is expected that these techniques could be used for the development of a decision support tool for drought impact for Maharashtra and adapted for other states of India.
{"title":"Characterising the influence of drought on Jowar crop production in India using association rule mining","authors":"Shubhangi S. Wankhede, L. Armstrong, N. Gandhi","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273686","url":null,"abstract":"Drought in India is a natural phenomenon that has detrimental effect on its agricultural sectors. Regular periods of drought limit both the productivity and sustainability of farmers. This paper investigated the influence of drought on one of the major crops in the Maharashtra state of India. Impact of rainfall variations on the Kharif crop Jowar (Sorghum spp) was studied in order to determine the effect of drought on crop production. The study area included 25 districts of Maharashtra and used climate and cropping data from year 1983 to 2012 (30 years). Seasonal Rainfall in millimeters (mm) and crop yield production data in tonnes/hectare (t/h) for Jowar crop were used in the study. Association Rule Mining techniques were carried out on the data set to ascertain the relationship between patterns of rainfall and crop production for the jowar crop. The study examined the temporal and spatial variability in rainfall and crop yield production. Association rules were developed to characterise the crop production for various districts and years related to the drought period. A number of interesting associations were derived with rainfall variability and crop yield production for Maharashtra state of India. It is expected that these techniques could be used for the development of a decision support tool for drought impact for Maharashtra and adapted for other states of India.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123833859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273700
V. Pooja, Rahul Das, V. Kanchana
Image processing is a diverging area where researches and advancements are taking a geometrical progress in the agricultural field. Various researches are going on vigorously in plant disease detection. Identification of plant diseases can not only maximize the yield production but also can be supportive for varied types of agricultural practices. This paper proposes a disease detection and classification technique with the help of machine learning mechanisms and image processing tools. Initially, identifying and capturing the infected region is done and latter image preprocessing is performed. Further, the segments are obtained and the area of interest is recognized and the feature extraction is done on the same. Finally the obtained results are sent through SVM Classifiers to get the results. The Support Vector Machines outperforms the task of classification of diseases, results show that the methodology put forward in this paper provides considerably better results than the previously used disease detection techniques.
{"title":"Identification of plant leaf diseases using image processing techniques","authors":"V. Pooja, Rahul Das, V. Kanchana","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273700","url":null,"abstract":"Image processing is a diverging area where researches and advancements are taking a geometrical progress in the agricultural field. Various researches are going on vigorously in plant disease detection. Identification of plant diseases can not only maximize the yield production but also can be supportive for varied types of agricultural practices. This paper proposes a disease detection and classification technique with the help of machine learning mechanisms and image processing tools. Initially, identifying and capturing the infected region is done and latter image preprocessing is performed. Further, the segments are obtained and the area of interest is recognized and the feature extraction is done on the same. Finally the obtained results are sent through SVM Classifiers to get the results. The Support Vector Machines outperforms the task of classification of diseases, results show that the methodology put forward in this paper provides considerably better results than the previously used disease detection techniques.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122533165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273698
Raj G Anvekar, R. Banakar, Rajat R Bhat
End user communication with the IoT devices is an indispensable part of any IoT based system. This paper presents the different alternatives for end user communication which can be used to control the IoT device mainly Raspberry Pi. As technology is rapidly growing, huge number of user applications has been introduced. Communication applications which help in sending and receiving data and its support with smart phone has made people life easy. Comparison of alternative messenger applications is presented in this paper. Telegram is one of the best cloud messaging application which can be used as an end user application in IoT system. Telegram is known for its faster delivery of messages and secure transmission of data with end-to-end encryption. Different features of Telegram such as Telegram Bot which is helpful in controlling IoT device from user end is discussed in this paper. This paper shows the usability of Telegram application. Raspberry Pi is interfaced with the camera to capture the image of the visitor. Captured image is sent to Telegram account of home owner and door lock is controlled by sending commands to Telegram bot using python script.
{"title":"Design alternatives for end user communication in IoT based system model","authors":"Raj G Anvekar, R. Banakar, Rajat R Bhat","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273698","url":null,"abstract":"End user communication with the IoT devices is an indispensable part of any IoT based system. This paper presents the different alternatives for end user communication which can be used to control the IoT device mainly Raspberry Pi. As technology is rapidly growing, huge number of user applications has been introduced. Communication applications which help in sending and receiving data and its support with smart phone has made people life easy. Comparison of alternative messenger applications is presented in this paper. Telegram is one of the best cloud messaging application which can be used as an end user application in IoT system. Telegram is known for its faster delivery of messages and secure transmission of data with end-to-end encryption. Different features of Telegram such as Telegram Bot which is helpful in controlling IoT device from user end is discussed in this paper. This paper shows the usability of Telegram application. Raspberry Pi is interfaced with the camera to capture the image of the visitor. Captured image is sent to Telegram account of home owner and door lock is controlled by sending commands to Telegram bot using python script.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117076639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273693
K. Rahul, R. S. Vishnu, R. R. Bhavani
The principal activity in the unorganized sectors like brick kilns, construction sites etc. is load carrying. The workers typically carry heavy loads on their head for over 12 hours every day. This affects their health and renders them as a victim of health issues like musculoskeletal disorders. In order to offset the causes leading to these health issues, a low cost mechanical assistive aid for workers to carry loads on their head is proposed in this paper. Using this assistive aid, the load acting on the head is distributed to the shoulder and the hip, and the results show that 60 to 65 percent of the load is distributed to the hip which reduces the pressure applied on the spine.
{"title":"Low cost mechanical assistive aid for workers carrying head loads","authors":"K. Rahul, R. S. Vishnu, R. R. Bhavani","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273693","url":null,"abstract":"The principal activity in the unorganized sectors like brick kilns, construction sites etc. is load carrying. The workers typically carry heavy loads on their head for over 12 hours every day. This affects their health and renders them as a victim of health issues like musculoskeletal disorders. In order to offset the causes leading to these health issues, a low cost mechanical assistive aid for workers to carry loads on their head is proposed in this paper. Using this assistive aid, the load acting on the head is distributed to the shoulder and the hip, and the results show that 60 to 65 percent of the load is distributed to the hip which reduces the pressure applied on the spine.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131290912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273679
A. Mariappan, J. A. Ben Das
Rice is the staple food of Tamil Nadu from time immemorial. Tamil Nadu produces the most varieties of Rice. Water for the agriculture purpose of Tamil Nadu is dependent on the river basins and the seasonal rainfall for its accomplishment. The major sources of irrigation are through the 17 major river basins spread throughout Tamil Nadu. The river basin data abets in agricultural rotation planning and crop decision. The yield outcome of the crop is dependent on various factors such as soil, climate, fertiliser and irrigation that are essential to agriculture. The rice production and its yield in Tamil Nadu is studied and a paradigm that pilots the prediction of rice yield based on the parameters that affects the rice yield is framed. This paradigm can enable the policy makers to make fact based decisions.
{"title":"A paradigm for rice yield prediction in Tamilnadu","authors":"A. Mariappan, J. A. Ben Das","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273679","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the staple food of Tamil Nadu from time immemorial. Tamil Nadu produces the most varieties of Rice. Water for the agriculture purpose of Tamil Nadu is dependent on the river basins and the seasonal rainfall for its accomplishment. The major sources of irrigation are through the 17 major river basins spread throughout Tamil Nadu. The river basin data abets in agricultural rotation planning and crop decision. The yield outcome of the crop is dependent on various factors such as soil, climate, fertiliser and irrigation that are essential to agriculture. The rice production and its yield in Tamil Nadu is studied and a paradigm that pilots the prediction of rice yield based on the parameters that affects the rice yield is framed. This paradigm can enable the policy makers to make fact based decisions.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122287622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273710
C. Priya, M. AbishekPandu, B. Chandra
Today there are many farmers around the world, striving to secure the plants from environmental factors that could affect their growth. There are different factors that contribute to the growth and productivity of plants. The main factors are temperature, light, water and humidity. This system makes sure that these factors were made available to plants at the right amount when needed. Sensors were used to keep track of temperature, light intensity, soil moisture and humidity. When even one of the factors were reduced then the appropriate device was switched on automatically, which in turn would bring the factor back to the specified range. An Arduino Uno microcontroller was used to detect the changes in the factors using sensors such as AM2302 DHT22 sensor for both temperature and humidity and a soil moisture sensor for detecting the amount of water in the soil. Relays were used to connect the Arduino to the appropriate devices. Finally, the information about the device and factors status were sent to a mobile phone by using GSM. Thus this leads to enhanced rates of productivity.
{"title":"Automatic plant monitoring and controlling system over GSM using sensors","authors":"C. Priya, M. AbishekPandu, B. Chandra","doi":"10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIAR.2017.8273710","url":null,"abstract":"Today there are many farmers around the world, striving to secure the plants from environmental factors that could affect their growth. There are different factors that contribute to the growth and productivity of plants. The main factors are temperature, light, water and humidity. This system makes sure that these factors were made available to plants at the right amount when needed. Sensors were used to keep track of temperature, light intensity, soil moisture and humidity. When even one of the factors were reduced then the appropriate device was switched on automatically, which in turn would bring the factor back to the specified range. An Arduino Uno microcontroller was used to detect the changes in the factors using sensors such as AM2302 DHT22 sensor for both temperature and humidity and a soil moisture sensor for detecting the amount of water in the soil. Relays were used to connect the Arduino to the appropriate devices. Finally, the information about the device and factors status were sent to a mobile phone by using GSM. Thus this leads to enhanced rates of productivity.","PeriodicalId":149469,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120947001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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