As the support for trauma-informed approaches and awareness of the power imbalances within the caring relationship are increased, this article proposes that it is time to revisit the issue of team dynamics and their potential impact on responses to individuals with complex emotional needs. Considered through the dual lens of psychodynamic theory and complexity, and using the role of the psychiatric liaison nurse to illustrate points made, it is argued that mental health teams have the potential to experience intense emotions and anxieties that arise from systemic conflict, reflecting the inner experience of individuals to whom they deliver care. Where these anxieties are not contained and remain unresolved, teams may resort to using primary defence mechanisms to protect themselves, potentially leading to invalidating responses and care that is retraumatising. Recommendations to enhance team effectiveness and to mitigate the potential preventable harms that might occur because of team dynamics are discussed.
{"title":"‘It's not you; it's us!’: the relevance of mental health team psychodynamics to the care of individuals with complex emotional needs","authors":"M. Haslam, Sue Ellis, Marcia Plumridge","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2021.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2021.0033","url":null,"abstract":"As the support for trauma-informed approaches and awareness of the power imbalances within the caring relationship are increased, this article proposes that it is time to revisit the issue of team dynamics and their potential impact on responses to individuals with complex emotional needs. Considered through the dual lens of psychodynamic theory and complexity, and using the role of the psychiatric liaison nurse to illustrate points made, it is argued that mental health teams have the potential to experience intense emotions and anxieties that arise from systemic conflict, reflecting the inner experience of individuals to whom they deliver care. Where these anxieties are not contained and remain unresolved, teams may resort to using primary defence mechanisms to protect themselves, potentially leading to invalidating responses and care that is retraumatising. Recommendations to enhance team effectiveness and to mitigate the potential preventable harms that might occur because of team dynamics are discussed.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122365625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing the mental health workforce in England","authors":"Vicki Williams","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124162008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is the second in a series that celebrates the work of positive psychologists and how their work has the power and potential to influence mental health nursing practice. Focusing on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934–2021) and his work on flow will help to bring interest and understanding to this exciting and developing area of mental health nursing practice. The practical activities provided in the article will help the reader increase their own awareness of flow to develop its use and transferability within their own life.
{"title":"Positive psychology pioneers: Mihaly Csiksentmihalyi's power and potential to influence mental health nursing","authors":"J. Macfarlane","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the second in a series that celebrates the work of positive psychologists and how their work has the power and potential to influence mental health nursing practice. Focusing on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934–2021) and his work on flow will help to bring interest and understanding to this exciting and developing area of mental health nursing practice. The practical activities provided in the article will help the reader increase their own awareness of flow to develop its use and transferability within their own life.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A female acute inpatient mental health ward developed a care pathway to support women who self-harm during their admission. This service evaluation was the first to explore staff and patients' experiences of the care pathway using qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were completed with eight staff members and five patients. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Themes that developed from staff interviews were about effects on staff and staff support, enabling patients to manage self-harm autonomously and the ward environment. Themes developed from patient interviews included enabling engagement, putting skills into practice and least restrictive practice. Staff and patients viewed the pathway as effective in reducing self-harm incidents and levels of restriction on the ward. The pathway was viewed positively by staff and patients, although improvements could be considered to increase its efficacy.
{"title":"Staff and service users' experiences of the self-harm pathway on an acute inpatient ward","authors":"B. Parker, E. Swift, Styliani Gkika","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2021.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2021.0041","url":null,"abstract":"A female acute inpatient mental health ward developed a care pathway to support women who self-harm during their admission. This service evaluation was the first to explore staff and patients' experiences of the care pathway using qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were completed with eight staff members and five patients. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Themes that developed from staff interviews were about effects on staff and staff support, enabling patients to manage self-harm autonomously and the ward environment. Themes developed from patient interviews included enabling engagement, putting skills into practice and least restrictive practice. Staff and patients viewed the pathway as effective in reducing self-harm incidents and levels of restriction on the ward. The pathway was viewed positively by staff and patients, although improvements could be considered to increase its efficacy.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126876567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression during pregnancy and following the birth of a child is now also recognised as a paternal issue. However, the evidence has received little attention compared to maternal depression. The aim of this article was to systematically review the available evidence examining factors that influence the development of depressive symptoms in men during the perinatal period. A systematic search of six electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Internurse, Intermid and Maternity and Infant Care) from the period 2010–19 was undertaken. A total of 20 studies were identified using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings were synthesised using thematic analysis. A total of five synthesised risk factors were identified as pregnancy and infant, individual, social and relationship, psychological and demographic. Expectant fathers are vulnerable to the development of depressive symptoms during the transition to parenthood. Mental health organisations should deliver services to support fathers during the perinatal period.
{"title":"A literature review of the factors influencing the development of paternal symptoms of depression during the perinatal period","authors":"Lauren Kennedy, R. Ashmore","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Depression during pregnancy and following the birth of a child is now also recognised as a paternal issue. However, the evidence has received little attention compared to maternal depression. The aim of this article was to systematically review the available evidence examining factors that influence the development of depressive symptoms in men during the perinatal period. A systematic search of six electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Internurse, Intermid and Maternity and Infant Care) from the period 2010–19 was undertaken. A total of 20 studies were identified using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings were synthesised using thematic analysis. A total of five synthesised risk factors were identified as pregnancy and infant, individual, social and relationship, psychological and demographic. Expectant fathers are vulnerable to the development of depressive symptoms during the transition to parenthood. Mental health organisations should deliver services to support fathers during the perinatal period.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darren Savarimuthu, Sherida Mullobux, Jaya Newblow, Bernard Opoku
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds more than any other group. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of mental health students from ethnic minorities who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic in a mental health NHS trust. This study used phenomenology as the theoretical framework and thematic analysis as a method for data analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 student mental health nurses, which were held via Microsoft Teams. The four themes that emerged from this study were altruism, a sense of connectedness, support and learning opportunities, and role clarity. Students described a sense of altruism while deciding to opt-in to the extended placement. Some also found their faith to be a source of support and resilience, which provided a sense of connectedness. Support was an essential element that emerged in this study where students could rely on both the university and the mental health NHS trust. The learning opportunities that COVID-19 has presented have helped bridge the gap between the physical and mental wellbeing of patients; however, a lack of clarity in their roles was highlighted. Adequate and appropriate policies and guidance to support student nurses are needed when working in crisis situations.
{"title":"Exploring the experiences of student mental health nurses from ethnic minority backgrounds working through the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological approach","authors":"Darren Savarimuthu, Sherida Mullobux, Jaya Newblow, Bernard Opoku","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds more than any other group. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of mental health students from ethnic minorities who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic in a mental health NHS trust. This study used phenomenology as the theoretical framework and thematic analysis as a method for data analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 student mental health nurses, which were held via Microsoft Teams. The four themes that emerged from this study were altruism, a sense of connectedness, support and learning opportunities, and role clarity. Students described a sense of altruism while deciding to opt-in to the extended placement. Some also found their faith to be a source of support and resilience, which provided a sense of connectedness. Support was an essential element that emerged in this study where students could rely on both the university and the mental health NHS trust. The learning opportunities that COVID-19 has presented have helped bridge the gap between the physical and mental wellbeing of patients; however, a lack of clarity in their roles was highlighted. Adequate and appropriate policies and guidance to support student nurses are needed when working in crisis situations.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114518162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By the mid-19th century, German Enlightenment thinkers began to impact on leaders in the field of English psychiatry, and by the beginning of the 20th century, some mental health nurses were beginning to appreciate how revolutionary intellectual ideas could benefit psychiatric patients. In attempting to transform the work of nurses, this largely unskilled labour force was not unaware that they could enhance their professional status. Drawing on previously unexplored contents from two journals founded in the 19th century, the Journal of Mental Science and Asylum News, evidence will be presented that mental health nurses were becoming change agents as opposed to mere custodians and blind followers of asylum routines.
{"title":"Enlightenment ideas and mental health nursing in the early 20th century","authors":"P. Nolan","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"By the mid-19th century, German Enlightenment thinkers began to impact on leaders in the field of English psychiatry, and by the beginning of the 20th century, some mental health nurses were beginning to appreciate how revolutionary intellectual ideas could benefit psychiatric patients. In attempting to transform the work of nurses, this largely unskilled labour force was not unaware that they could enhance their professional status. Drawing on previously unexplored contents from two journals founded in the 19th century, the Journal of Mental Science and Asylum News, evidence will be presented that mental health nurses were becoming change agents as opposed to mere custodians and blind followers of asylum routines.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122904100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With work-related stress and the current COVID-19 pandemic, nurses are at heightened risk of stress and burnout. Mindfulness-based interventions have been seen to decrease stress and burnout, yet research into the effectiveness for nursing staff is limited. This review adds to the growing body of literature surrounding mindfulness and explores the benefit it may have for clinical professionals. The aim of this study was to review and critically appraise the evidence around the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions to help reduce stress and/or burnout in nurses working in acute hospital settings. The CINAHL, Medline and PsychInfo databases were searched using the key words Mindfulness, ‘Mindfulness-based’, MBSR, Nurs*, Stress and Burnout. A total of 11 research papers were identified, all of which found a reduction in stress and burnout for nurses working in acute hospital settings after the use of a mindfulness-based intervention. Mindfulness-based interventions can be adapted to suit nursing schedules while maintaining efficacy, but uncertainties remain around the optimisation of the length and delivery of these for integration into the NHS. Mindfulness-based interventions may be an effective intervention to reduce stress and burnout in nurses working in acute settings. However, further research to establish and test a standardised mindfulness-based intervention is required before it could be implemented into NHS settings.
{"title":"Mindfulness-based interventions to reduce stress and burnout in nurses: an integrative review","authors":"Jacob W Armstrong, Lyvonne N Turne","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2020.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2020.0036","url":null,"abstract":"With work-related stress and the current COVID-19 pandemic, nurses are at heightened risk of stress and burnout. Mindfulness-based interventions have been seen to decrease stress and burnout, yet research into the effectiveness for nursing staff is limited. This review adds to the growing body of literature surrounding mindfulness and explores the benefit it may have for clinical professionals. The aim of this study was to review and critically appraise the evidence around the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions to help reduce stress and/or burnout in nurses working in acute hospital settings. The CINAHL, Medline and PsychInfo databases were searched using the key words Mindfulness, ‘Mindfulness-based’, MBSR, Nurs*, Stress and Burnout. A total of 11 research papers were identified, all of which found a reduction in stress and burnout for nurses working in acute hospital settings after the use of a mindfulness-based intervention. Mindfulness-based interventions can be adapted to suit nursing schedules while maintaining efficacy, but uncertainties remain around the optimisation of the length and delivery of these for integration into the NHS. Mindfulness-based interventions may be an effective intervention to reduce stress and burnout in nurses working in acute settings. However, further research to establish and test a standardised mindfulness-based intervention is required before it could be implemented into NHS settings.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124482612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"History repeating itself","authors":"Vicki Williams","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131065433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article introduces a series that will celebrate the work of positive psychologists and discuss how their work has the power and potential to influence mental health nursing practice. The series will provide a historical perspective of early psychologists, their contributions and the continued importance of recognising current positive psychologists, as they also revive and regenerate understanding of the study of the individual. The first paper in the series focuses on the work of Professor Martin Seligman and his interest in optimism and positivity. He is regarded by many as ’the father of positive psychology’.
{"title":"Positive psychology pioneers: Professor Martin Seligman's power and potential to influence mental health nursing","authors":"J. Macfarlane","doi":"10.12968/bjmh.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a series that will celebrate the work of positive psychologists and discuss how their work has the power and potential to influence mental health nursing practice. The series will provide a historical perspective of early psychologists, their contributions and the continued importance of recognising current positive psychologists, as they also revive and regenerate understanding of the study of the individual. The first paper in the series focuses on the work of Professor Martin Seligman and his interest in optimism and positivity. He is regarded by many as ’the father of positive psychology’.","PeriodicalId":149493,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Mental Health Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117242966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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