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Patient characteristics and the use of seclusion in an adult forensic inpatient mental health service in Australia: a quantitative analysis and examination of clinical interventions 澳大利亚成人法医住院精神卫生服务的患者特征和隔离使用:临床干预措施的定量分析和检查
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0015
L. Barr, D. Wynaden, Karen R Heslop
In Australia, national data indicate that the rate of seclusion use in public forensic mental health inpatient settings has almost tripled since 2008, with the number of patients being admitted to these settings being secluded more often but for shorter durations. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the use of seclusion within an adult forensic mental health inpatient setting in Australia. The study also sought to compare and examine the characteristics of patients who experienced seclusion and those who did not. This quantitative study was achieved by completing a retrospective case file audit. Data were collected on all patients admitted to the adult forensic mental health inpatient unit during a 6-month period (January to June 2016). Data were obtained from medical records including age, sex, ethnicity, primary and secondary diagnosis, referral source and previous admissions to acute and forensic mental health inpatient settings. During the 6-month study period, 117 admissions to the service occurred involving 109 patients. There were 61 seclusion events involving 20 (18%) patients. Data indicated that patient gender and diagnosis increased the likelihood of a seclusion event occurring. Seclusion was used on a small number of patients who presented a high risk, specifically young, white men with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or a psychotic disorder and drug-related symptoms. Identifying patient characteristics that increase the risk of seclusion is important so that services can design early intervention strategies to enhance patient safety.
在澳大利亚,国家数据表明,自2008年以来,公共法医精神卫生住院场所的隔离使用率几乎增加了两倍,入住这些场所的患者被隔离的次数更频繁,但持续时间更短。本研究的目的是描述和分析澳大利亚成年法医精神健康住院患者环境中隔离的使用情况。该研究还试图比较和检查经历过隔离的患者和没有经历过隔离的患者的特征。这项定量研究是通过完成回顾性的案例档案审计来实现的。收集了在6个月期间(2016年1月至6月)入住成人法医精神卫生住院病房的所有患者的数据。从医疗记录中获得数据,包括年龄、性别、种族、初级和次级诊断、转诊来源以及以前在急性和法医精神卫生住院机构的住院情况。在为期6个月的研究期间,109名患者共117人就诊。共有61例隔离事件,涉及20例(18%)患者。数据显示,患者的性别和诊断增加了隔离事件发生的可能性。对少数表现出高风险的患者,特别是诊断为精神分裂症或精神病和药物相关症状的年轻白人男性进行了隔离。确定增加隔离风险的患者特征非常重要,以便服务部门能够设计早期干预策略以加强患者安全。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of staff and the support received following incidents of high-risk behaviours in acute mental health inpatient wards: a qualitative exploration 工作人员的经验和在急性精神健康住院病房发生高风险行为后得到的支持:定性探索
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0006
Emma Rivett, L. Wood
Staff working in acute mental health inpatient environments are frequently exposed to patients who display high-risk behaviours. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of staff working with patients with high-risk behaviours in acute mental health inpatient wards, and the support that staff receive following exposure to these incidents. A total of 10 participants were recruited from two acute mental health hospitals in England. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: the direct impact of incidents; attempts to manage the impact of incidents; and current systems for managing incidents. Overall, staff felt that support was lacking, and there was a fear that seeking support was a sign of weakness. Clear differences in staff reactions and responses to varying high-risk behaviours were revealed. Person-centred reflective support spaces, debriefing support, and skills training for staff, especially for self-harm and suicide, are required. Staff also require emotional support and emotion management skills.
在急性精神卫生住院环境中工作的工作人员经常接触表现出高风险行为的患者。本研究的目的是探讨在急性精神健康住院病房中与高危行为患者一起工作的工作人员的经验,以及工作人员在接触这些事件后得到的支持。共有10名参与者从英国的两家急性精神健康医院招募。使用半结构化访谈收集数据,并使用归纳主题分析进行分析。确定了三个主题:事件的直接影响;试图管理事件的影响;以及当前的事故管理系统。总的来说,工作人员感到缺乏支持,并且担心寻求支持是软弱的表现。调查显示,工作人员对不同高风险行为的反应和反应存在明显差异。需要以人为本的反思支持空间、汇报支持和工作人员技能培训,特别是针对自残和自杀的技能培训。员工还需要情感支持和情绪管理技能。
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引用次数: 1
The erosion of mental health nursing: the implications of the move towards genericism 心理健康护理的侵蚀:走向泛化的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0039
M. Haslam
This article casts a critical lens on the current Nursing and Midwifery Council standards for nurse education and their potential impact on mental health nursing in the UK. It discusses how the standards appear to be transitioning mental health nursing towards a generic, task-orientated nursing role and in doing so, are undervaluing the unique contributions of the profession to contemporary mental health care. It also argues that this descent towards genericism not only risks the erosion of the specialist skill set required of mental health nurses by service users, but also aligns mental health nursing care closer with neoliberal policy and with biomedicine to the further detriment of patient care. This article warns that this current period marks a critical time for the profession and that collective, assertive action is needed now to safeguard the profession's distinct presence on the UK's nursing register.
这篇文章对当前护理和助产委员会护士教育标准及其对英国心理健康护理的潜在影响进行了批判。它讨论了标准如何将心理健康护理转变为一般的,任务导向的护理角色,并在这样做时,低估了该专业对当代心理健康护理的独特贡献。它还认为,这种向泛型化的下降不仅有可能侵蚀服务使用者对心理健康护士所需的专业技能,而且还会使心理健康护理与新自由主义政策和生物医学更加紧密地联系在一起,从而进一步损害患者护理。这篇文章警告说,这一时期标志着一个关键的时刻,为专业和集体,果断的行动,现在需要维护专业的独特存在,在英国的护理注册。
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引用次数: 2
Back to Bedlam: is mental health nursing going backwards? 回到疯人院:心理健康护理正在倒退吗?
Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0038
Henry J Bladon
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引用次数: 2
Co-responding police and mental health service models: an exploration of how effective collaborative models are in responding to individuals experiencing a mental health crisis 共同反应的警察和心理健康服务模式:如何有效的合作模式是应对个人经历心理健康危机的探索
Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2020.0030
Laura Mulgrew
Joint working or co-responding police and mental health services are becoming increasingly common throughout the UK and aim to provide both effective and timely de-escalation and support to individuals experiencing a mental health crisis. Co-responding police and mental health services also aim to reduce unnecessary accident and emergency visits, provide signposting to appropriate services for longer-term care and to prevent injury to the individual, the general public, and health and social care colleagues. The aim of this article was to explore how effective co-responding police and mental health service models are at responding to an individual experiencing a mental health crisis. This literature review was carried out through the use of thematic analysis. Databases including EBSCO, Medline, Psychinfo and AMED. A total of eight articles were reviewed. The review found that service users have largely positive feedback about the mental health care that they receive when in a mental health crisis, and services should be tailored to meet the needs of the geographical area. There are a number of frameworks that can be implemented to respond to an individual experiencing a mental health crisis, including co-responding police mental health teams and the provision of comprehensive mental health training to police officers. Any model implemented must be constructed and launched in a thoughtful manner to meet the needs of the population.
联合工作或共同反应的警察和心理健康服务在整个英国变得越来越普遍,旨在为经历心理健康危机的个人提供有效和及时的降级和支持。警察和精神卫生服务的共同响应还旨在减少不必要的事故和急诊,为适当的长期护理服务提供路标,并防止对个人、公众以及卫生和社会护理同事造成伤害。本文的目的是探讨如何有效地共同应对警察和心理健康服务模式是在应对个人经历心理健康危机。本文通过主题分析法进行文献综述。数据库包括EBSCO, Medline, Psychinfo和AMED。共审阅了8篇文章。审查发现,服务使用者在遇到精神健康危机时,对他们获得的精神卫生保健有很大的积极反馈,服务应根据地理区域的需要进行调整。可以实施若干框架,以应对经历精神健康危机的个人,包括共同应对的警察精神健康小组和向警官提供全面的精神健康培训。任何实施的模式都必须经过深思熟虑的构建和推出,以满足人民的需求。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of psychiatric comorbidities on the duration of compulsory nasogastric tube feeding of children and adolescents with restrictive eating disorders 精神合并症对儿童和青少年限制性进食障碍患者强制鼻胃管喂养时间的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2021.0037
S. Fuller, P. Falcoski, L. Hudson, Jacinta Tan
The authors' clinical experience found that some patients required the intervention of compulsory nasogastric tube feeding for a significantly longer amount of time than others. The aim of this study was to identify whether different psychiatric comorbidities are associated with different durations of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint in children and young people with restrictive eating disorders. A retrospective case-note analysis was conducted in 2018. Data were collected from electronic medical records and hospital incident forms, focusing on diagnosis, length of stay and on the number of episodes of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint. A total of nine patients required nasogastric tube feeding under restraint, of which four patients had psychiatric comorbidities (emerging emotionally unstable personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder and complex trauma). Length of stay was not significantly greater in patients with psychiatric comorbidities (median=302 vs 241 days, Mann-Witney U=16.00, P=0.20). However, the number of episodes of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint was significantly greater in those with psychiatric comorbidities (median=31.00 vs 2 episodes, Mann-Whitney U=20.00, P=0.02) than those without. This study suggests that psychiatric comorbidities are associated with more prolonged episodes of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint and therefore patients with these comorbidities will have greater treatment planning needs.
作者的临床经验发现,一些患者需要强制鼻胃管喂养的干预时间明显长于其他患者。本研究的目的是确定不同的精神合并症是否与限制进食障碍儿童和青少年的鼻胃管进食的不同持续时间有关。2018年进行了回顾性病例分析。从电子病历和医院事件表中收集数据,重点关注诊断、住院时间和限制下鼻胃管喂养的发作次数。共有9例患者需要在约束下进行鼻胃管喂养,其中4例患者存在精神合并症(新发情绪不稳定型人格障碍、自闭症谱系障碍和复杂创伤)。精神合并症患者的住院时间没有显著增加(中位数=302天vs 241天,Mann-Witney U=16.00, P=0.20)。然而,在有精神合并症的患者中,限制鼻胃管喂养的发作次数明显高于无精神合并症的患者(中位数=31.00 vs 2次,Mann-Whitney U=20.00, P=0.02)。本研究提示,精神疾病合并症与限制下鼻胃管喂养的发作时间延长有关,因此患有这些合并症的患者将有更大的治疗计划需求。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches to mental health care in 19th and early 20th century England 19世纪和20世纪初英国的精神卫生保健方法
Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0033
P. Nolan
In the mid-19th century, it was generally held by administrators and politicians that institutional confinement was the answer to many social problems. However, there were those both within and outside psychiatry who were concerned about what they perceived to be the limitations of the asylum system given that mental illness was poorly categorised – for example, it was uncertain whether alcohol abuse was an illness – the treatments unproven, and there were likely to be adverse effects of long-term institutionalisation. The size of institutions was questioned, as was the role of the private sector and whether the mentally ill could be entrusted to the care of poorly regulated facilities. This paper examines some of the expressed concerns about care of the mentally ill throughout the second half of the 19th century by reformers and psychiatrists with reference to the culture and management of institutions and private facilities, the exploitation of vulnerable people, and the emergence of home-based care provided by experienced and skilled nurses.
在19世纪中期,管理人员和政治家普遍认为,制度限制是解决许多社会问题的办法。然而,精神病学内外的一些人都对他们认为的庇护制度的局限性感到担忧,因为精神疾病分类很差——例如,酗酒是否属于一种疾病是不确定的——治疗方法未经证实,而且长期收容可能会产生不利影响。机构的规模受到质疑,私营部门的作用也受到质疑,精神病患者是否可以委托给管理不善的机构照顾。本文研究了19世纪下半叶改革者和精神病学家对精神疾病患者护理的一些担忧,涉及机构和私人设施的文化和管理,对弱势群体的剥削,以及由经验丰富和熟练的护士提供的家庭护理的出现。
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引用次数: 0
Intersubjectivity and mental health nurses as insider researchers 主体间性与心理健康护士作为内部研究者
Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0025
P. Archard, Isobel Moore, Michael Lewis, M. O’Reilly
Ayres et al's (2021) reflective account published in this journal discusses Ayres' experience of undertaking a doctoral study concerned with how mental health nurses who had been assaulted by patients in secure settings make sense of this experience. This commentary recognises the importance of extending the dialogue initiated by Ayres' account, specifically regarding intersubjectivity in research relationships and research beneficence. An emphasis is placed on how practitioner participation in research interviews, whether as the interviewer or interviewee, can be a cathartic experience and foster practice reflection. However, engagement in more sensitive research may also present additional risk considerations for the insider researcher, such as emotional safety risks.
Ayres等人(2021)在本杂志上发表的反思报告讨论了Ayres进行博士研究的经历,该研究涉及在安全环境中被患者袭击的精神卫生护士如何理解这种经历。这篇评论认识到扩展艾尔斯的叙述所发起的对话的重要性,特别是关于研究关系和研究利益的主体间性。重点放在实践者如何参与研究访谈,无论是作为采访者还是被采访者,可以是一个宣泄经验和促进实践反思。然而,参与更敏感的研究可能也会给内部研究人员带来额外的风险考虑,比如情绪安全风险。
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引用次数: 0
The transition of a mental health facility to a COVID-19 isolation ward and unit to deliver remote inpatient mental health care 将精神卫生设施转变为COVID-19隔离病房和单元,以提供远程住院精神卫生保健
Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0028
M. Corrigan, Michelle Curran, Shane Kirwan, G. Donohue, B. Keogh
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health services were confronted with significant challenges and mental health staff have not only had to provide a continued service for, often distressed, service users but have had to adapt practice and comply with the ever-changing public guidelines for containing the virus. There is a pressing need, therefore, to learn from the challenges that mental health services have faced and continue to face throughout different stages of the pandemic. While uncertainty is inevitable in pandemics, mental health nurses as a community can learn from individual experiences of adaptation. This article describes the unique and rapid transition of one Irish mental health facility to a COVID-19 isolation ward and unit for delivery of remote admission to a mental health service (home care admission). In order to capture this transitory experience, the areas discussed include preparation of the site, key challenges and the role of nursing staff, mental health service delivery, managing home care packages, the nurse management role and remote ward nursing. This discussion demonstrates how one mental health setting successfully evolved and met the challenges brought by the global pandemic through a combination of adaptability and flexibility in service delivery.
在整个2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,精神卫生服务面临着重大挑战,精神卫生工作人员不仅必须为经常感到痛苦的服务使用者提供持续的服务,而且必须调整做法并遵守不断变化的遏制病毒的公共指导方针。因此,迫切需要从精神卫生服务在大流行的不同阶段所面临和继续面临的挑战中吸取教训。虽然在大流行中不确定性是不可避免的,但精神卫生护士作为一个社区可以从个人适应经验中学习。本文描述了一家爱尔兰精神卫生机构向COVID-19隔离病房和单元的独特和快速过渡,以提供远程精神卫生服务(家庭护理住院)。为了抓住这一短暂的经验,讨论的领域包括场地的准备,主要挑战和护理人员的作用,心理健康服务的提供,管理家庭护理包,护士管理角色和远程病房护理。这一讨论表明,一种精神卫生环境是如何通过提供服务的适应性和灵活性相结合,成功演变并应对全球大流行病带来的挑战的。
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引用次数: 0
Autoethnography and mental health nursing 民族志与心理健康护理
Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.12968/bjmh.2022.0035
J. Carson, Barrie Green, K. Gournay, A. Grant, A. Voyce, Chris Portues, D. Whybrow, G. Holman, G. Jones, J. Macfarlane
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引用次数: 3
期刊
British Journal of Mental Health Nursing
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