Pub Date : 2016-04-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.4
R. Skopec
In this manuscript we aim to take on the controversies in oncology, such as those related to costs and screening guidelines. Are we recently at new turning point with our existing methodology? During the past 30 years of evolution methods of awareness and screening have lead to an emphasis on early diagnoses of cancer and not only cancer. Recent trends and clinical trials show that these goals have not been met. International data demonstrate significant increase in early stage disease, without a proportional decrease in later-stage disease. We need to more differentiate in methodology because cancers are heterogenous with multiple paths, not all of which progress to metastases and death. This broader definition of disease named cancer must include also indolent disease that causes no harm during patients lifetime. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment result in billions of USD of wasted money. Our methodology must be completed with methods which take proper account of the real-life environment.
{"title":"Mutagenesis Associated with DNA-Damage-Stress Response","authors":"R. Skopec","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript we aim to take on the controversies in oncology, such as those related to costs and screening guidelines. Are we recently at new turning point with our existing methodology? During the past 30 years of evolution methods of awareness and screening have lead to an emphasis on early diagnoses of cancer and not only cancer. Recent trends and clinical trials show that these goals have not been met. International data demonstrate significant increase in early stage disease, without a proportional decrease in later-stage disease. We need to more differentiate in methodology because cancers are heterogenous with multiple paths, not all of which progress to metastases and death. This broader definition of disease named cancer must include also indolent disease that causes no harm during patients lifetime. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment result in billions of USD of wasted money. Our methodology must be completed with methods which take proper account of the real-life environment.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"2 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87343371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.6
J. Zekri, A. Ramadan, Muthu Kumar, R. Haggag
Introduction : Abiraterone Acetate (AA) improves outcome of patients with castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is currently recommended for chemo-naA¯ve patients and after progression on chemotherapy. We reviewed our initial experience with the use of AA in these patients. Patients and Methods : Forty six consecutive CRPC patients were treated with AA 1000 mg/day and prednisolone 5 mg twice daily in 2 cancer centres in England and Saudi Arabia. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients achieving prostate specific antigen decline (PSA) ≥ 50% were considered as marker responders. Results : Median age was 76 (52-91) years. 28 and 18 patients received AA in pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy setting respectively. PSA marker response was achieved in 56.1% (23/41) assessable patients. Objective radiological response rate was seen in 31.6% (6/19) and stable disease in 15.8% (3/19) assessable patients. After a median follow up of 20 months, median time to PSA progression was 12 months (95% CI: 9.5-14.5) and median overall survival was not reached (mean = 21 months, 95% CI: 18-24.5). Toxicity was assessed in 18 patients. All grades adverse events of special interest were hypokalaemia (22%) and hypertension (11%). Conclusion : In daily clinical practice, AA is an effective treatment for patients with CRPC. It produces meaningful marker and objective responses, marker progression free survival and OS that are comparable to those reported in clinical trials. Monitoring of blood pressure and serum potassium is recommended.
{"title":"Abiraterone Acetate in Patients with Advanced Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer: Initial Real Life Experience in 2 Cancer Units","authors":"J. Zekri, A. Ramadan, Muthu Kumar, R. Haggag","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Abiraterone Acetate (AA) improves outcome of patients with castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is currently recommended for chemo-naA¯ve patients and after progression on chemotherapy. We reviewed our initial experience with the use of AA in these patients. Patients and Methods : Forty six consecutive CRPC patients were treated with AA 1000 mg/day and prednisolone 5 mg twice daily in 2 cancer centres in England and Saudi Arabia. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients achieving prostate specific antigen decline (PSA) ≥ 50% were considered as marker responders. Results : Median age was 76 (52-91) years. 28 and 18 patients received AA in pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy setting respectively. PSA marker response was achieved in 56.1% (23/41) assessable patients. Objective radiological response rate was seen in 31.6% (6/19) and stable disease in 15.8% (3/19) assessable patients. After a median follow up of 20 months, median time to PSA progression was 12 months (95% CI: 9.5-14.5) and median overall survival was not reached (mean = 21 months, 95% CI: 18-24.5). Toxicity was assessed in 18 patients. All grades adverse events of special interest were hypokalaemia (22%) and hypertension (11%). Conclusion : In daily clinical practice, AA is an effective treatment for patients with CRPC. It produces meaningful marker and objective responses, marker progression free survival and OS that are comparable to those reported in clinical trials. Monitoring of blood pressure and serum potassium is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"28 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81666094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.1
J. Garde-Noguera, M. Gil-Raga, Asunción Juárez-MarroquÃ, S. Maciá-Escalante, Manuel Terradez-Gurrea, C. Camps-Herrero, A. Llombart-Cussac
Background : Peritoneal carcinomatosis and multi-organ metastases might be prognostic factors in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and inoperable metastases at diagnosis. Methods : A retrospective study was performed to examine the relationship between patient clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and indication for first-line systemic chemotherapy. Results : One hundred and twelve patients were accrued. According to univariate analysis, peritoneal carcinomatosis, lack of primary tumour resection and multi-organ metastases were associated with poor overall survival. According to multivariate analysis, patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis and patients with multi-organ metastases had a shorter overall survival (12 vs 27.0 months, p<0.001 and 14,6 vs 27 months, p=0.007, respectively). Conclusions : Our results indicate that presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and multi-organ metastases are independent predictors of poor outcome for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing first line treatment with standard chemotherapy.
背景:腹膜癌和多器官转移可能是晚期结直肠癌和不能手术转移患者的预后因素。方法:回顾性研究结直肠癌患者临床特征与预后与一线全身化疗指征的关系。结果:共收集患者112例。根据单因素分析，腹膜癌、缺乏原发肿瘤切除和多器官转移与总生存率低相关。多因素分析显示，腹膜癌患者和多器官转移患者的总生存期较短(分别为12 vs 27.0个月，p<0.001和14.6 vs 27个月，p=0.007)。结论:我们的研究结果表明，腹膜癌和多器官转移的存在是接受标准化疗一线治疗的结直肠癌患者预后不良的独立预测因素。
{"title":"Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and Multi-Organ Metastases are Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis","authors":"J. Garde-Noguera, M. Gil-Raga, Asunción Juárez-MarroquÃ, S. Maciá-Escalante, Manuel Terradez-Gurrea, C. Camps-Herrero, A. Llombart-Cussac","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Peritoneal carcinomatosis and multi-organ metastases might be prognostic factors in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and inoperable metastases at diagnosis. Methods : A retrospective study was performed to examine the relationship between patient clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and indication for first-line systemic chemotherapy. Results : One hundred and twelve patients were accrued. According to univariate analysis, peritoneal carcinomatosis, lack of primary tumour resection and multi-organ metastases were associated with poor overall survival. According to multivariate analysis, patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis and patients with multi-organ metastases had a shorter overall survival (12 vs 27.0 months, p<0.001 and 14,6 vs 27 months, p=0.007, respectively). Conclusions : Our results indicate that presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and multi-organ metastases are independent predictors of poor outcome for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing first line treatment with standard chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"259 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77138644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.4
A. Singh, Anand P Khandwekar, Neeti Sharma
Globally Prostate Cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed and sixth leading cause of Cancer mortalities in men worldwide but currently there is no cure for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment resistance and mortality in Prostate Cancer patients. Although several advances have been made to control yet there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and pathways for chemoresistance and prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a sub-population of cancer cells characterised by self-renewal and tumor initiation, have gained intense attention as they not only play a crucial role in cancer relapse but also contribute substantially to chemoresistance. Contributing to the role of CSCs are the miRNAs which are known key regulators of the posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in a wide array of biological processes including tumorigenesis. The altered expressions of miRNAs have been associated with not only with tumor development but also with invasion, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis. Thus identification of signature miRNA associated with EMT and CSCs would provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the improvement of current treatment thus leading to increase in patient’s survival.
{"title":"Cancer Stem-Cell Related miRNAs: Novel Potential Targets for Metastatic Prostate Cancer","authors":"A. Singh, Anand P Khandwekar, Neeti Sharma","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"Globally Prostate Cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed and sixth leading cause of Cancer mortalities in men worldwide but currently there is no cure for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment resistance and mortality in Prostate Cancer patients. Although several advances have been made to control yet there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and pathways for chemoresistance and prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a sub-population of cancer cells characterised by self-renewal and tumor initiation, have gained intense attention as they not only play a crucial role in cancer relapse but also contribute substantially to chemoresistance. Contributing to the role of CSCs are the miRNAs which are known key regulators of the posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in a wide array of biological processes including tumorigenesis. The altered expressions of miRNAs have been associated with not only with tumor development but also with invasion, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis. Thus identification of signature miRNA associated with EMT and CSCs would provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the improvement of current treatment thus leading to increase in patient’s survival.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"78 1","pages":"146-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86116154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.3
T. Kisková, Steffekova Zuzana, Karasova Martina, Kokosova Natalia
The pH monitoring of the tumor microenvironment in vivo seems to be in fact complicated and technically quite challenging nowadays. Also the strategy of measuring urine pH of a little amount is not fully solved. Thus, the aim of our study was to monitor pH of urine samples (< 0.1 ml) and of tumor microenvironment of anesthetized rats in a minimal invasive way. The small urine volumes of rats or mice make pH measurements difficult, as standard pH electrodes usually need a minimal volume of several milliliters to function. The manual micromanipulator together with a needle-type housed pH microsensor offers a simple and effective way to do so. Our results show that pH of urine and tumor microenvironment was lower in tumor bearing rats compared to healthy subjects. The unique technology of pH microsensors could be a promising way to monitor the pH in many experimental designs and clinical praxis
{"title":"pH Monitoring of Tumor Microenvironment and Low Volume of Urine in Experimental Rats","authors":"T. Kisková, Steffekova Zuzana, Karasova Martina, Kokosova Natalia","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"The pH monitoring of the tumor microenvironment in vivo seems to be in fact complicated and technically quite challenging nowadays. Also the strategy of measuring urine pH of a little amount is not fully solved. Thus, the aim of our study was to monitor pH of urine samples (< 0.1 ml) and of tumor microenvironment of anesthetized rats in a minimal invasive way. The small urine volumes of rats or mice make pH measurements difficult, as standard pH electrodes usually need a minimal volume of several milliliters to function. The manual micromanipulator together with a needle-type housed pH microsensor offers a simple and effective way to do so. Our results show that pH of urine and tumor microenvironment was lower in tumor bearing rats compared to healthy subjects. The unique technology of pH microsensors could be a promising way to monitor the pH in many experimental designs and clinical praxis","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"76 1","pages":"141-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90947497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.5
R. Mansor, A. Bahl, J. Holly, C. Perks
Prostate cancer is the second most common lethal cancer in men worldwide. Despite the fact that the prognosis for patients with localized disease is good, many patients succumb to metastatic disease with the development of resistance to hormone treatments. This is normally termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The development of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer has been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process where cancer cells acquire a more mesenchymal phenotype with enhanced migratory potential, invasiveness and elevated resistance to apoptosis. The main event in EMT is the repression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling axis is essential for normal development and maintenance of tissues, including that of the prostate, and dysregulation of this pathway contributes to prostate cancer progression and malignant transformation. It is becoming increasingly clear that one of the ways in which the IGF axis impacts upon cancer progression is through promoting EMT. This review will explore the role of EMT in prostate cancer progression with a specific focus on the involvement of the IGF axis and its downstream signalling pathways in regulating EMT in prostate cancer.
{"title":"The Role of the IGF Axis in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition during the Progression of Prostate Cancer","authors":"R. Mansor, A. Bahl, J. Holly, C. Perks","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.5","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is the second most common lethal cancer in men worldwide. Despite the fact that the prognosis for patients with localized disease is good, many patients succumb to metastatic disease with the development of resistance to hormone treatments. This is normally termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The development of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer has been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process where cancer cells acquire a more mesenchymal phenotype with enhanced migratory potential, invasiveness and elevated resistance to apoptosis. The main event in EMT is the repression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling axis is essential for normal development and maintenance of tissues, including that of the prostate, and dysregulation of this pathway contributes to prostate cancer progression and malignant transformation. It is becoming increasingly clear that one of the ways in which the IGF axis impacts upon cancer progression is through promoting EMT. This review will explore the role of EMT in prostate cancer progression with a specific focus on the involvement of the IGF axis and its downstream signalling pathways in regulating EMT in prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84782494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.1
Yianzhu Liu, Li Zhang, N. Tejpal, J. Kubiak, R. Ghobrial, X. Li, M. Kloc
Translationally Controlled Tumor-associated Protein (TCTP) plays a role in a plethora of normal and cancer cell functions including cell cycle progression, cell growth and metastasis. Our previous studies showed that TCTP interacts with cellular cytoskeleton and is localized, in cell-type specific manner, on actin filaments in various types of ovarian cancer cells. Here we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) for silencing TCTP expression in human ovarian surface epithelial noncancerous cell line HIO180, ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3 and analyzed effect of TCTP silencing on actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. We show that a down regulation of TCTP caused dramatic restructuring and redistribution of actin filaments in HIO180, SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells and resulted in cell motility increase. This previously unidentified dependence of actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell motility on TCTP level might be responsible for high metastatic potential and aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cells and will help to pinpoint novel targets for anticancer therapies .
{"title":"TCTP silencing in ovarian cancer cells results in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and motility increase","authors":"Yianzhu Liu, Li Zhang, N. Tejpal, J. Kubiak, R. Ghobrial, X. Li, M. Kloc","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Translationally Controlled Tumor-associated Protein (TCTP) plays a role in a plethora of normal and cancer cell functions including cell cycle progression, cell growth and metastasis. Our previous studies showed that TCTP interacts with cellular cytoskeleton and is localized, in cell-type specific manner, on actin filaments in various types of ovarian cancer cells. Here we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) for silencing TCTP expression in human ovarian surface epithelial noncancerous cell line HIO180, ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3 and analyzed effect of TCTP silencing on actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. We show that a down regulation of TCTP caused dramatic restructuring and redistribution of actin filaments in HIO180, SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells and resulted in cell motility increase. This previously unidentified dependence of actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell motility on TCTP level might be responsible for high metastatic potential and aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cells and will help to pinpoint novel targets for anticancer therapies .","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"61 1","pages":"122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83431736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.7
D. Thomaidou, E. Patsavoudi
During the last decade, the extracellular molecular chaperone HSP90 (eHSP90) has been identified as a critical effector in cancer cell invasion and metastasis by virtue of its interaction with a diverse cohort of molecules that serve as key nodal points in oncogenic pathways. Thus eHSP90 has most recently emerged as a novel target in cancer therapeutics, subsequently becoming the focus of several drug development efforts. This review highlights recent studies on the mechanisms through which eHSP90 exhibits its tumor cell invasion action. It also presents latest efforts to translate this cumulative knowledge into clinical practice to disable eHSP90-driven metastasis.
{"title":"Extracellular HSP90 in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis: From Translational Research to Clinical Prospects","authors":"D. Thomaidou, E. Patsavoudi","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.7","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, the extracellular molecular chaperone HSP90 (eHSP90) has been identified as a critical effector in cancer cell invasion and metastasis by virtue of its interaction with a diverse cohort of molecules that serve as key nodal points in oncogenic pathways. Thus eHSP90 has most recently emerged as a novel target in cancer therapeutics, subsequently becoming the focus of several drug development efforts. This review highlights recent studies on the mechanisms through which eHSP90 exhibits its tumor cell invasion action. It also presents latest efforts to translate this cumulative knowledge into clinical practice to disable eHSP90-driven metastasis.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"49 1","pages":"178-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88937451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.2
A. Salimi, Mehrnoush Pir Saharkhiz, A. Motallebi, Enayatollah Seydi, A. Mohseni, M. Nazemi, J. Pourahmad
Sponges are important components of the Persian Gulf animal communities. The marine sponges of the genus Axinella sinoxea is are a genus of sponges in the family Axinellidae . Species of Axinella sinoxea occur in the India, Pacific Oceans and also Persian Gulf. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease characterized by the relentless accumulation of CD5 + B lymphocytes. CLL is the most common leukemia in adults, about 25–30% of all leukemias. In this study B lymphocytes mitochondria (both cancerous and non-cancerous) were isolated using differential centrifugation from peripheral blood samples and succinate dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling and finally release of cytochrome C were examined following the addition of methanolic extract of Axinella sinoxea . Our results showed that only in mitochondria isolated from cancerous BUT NOT normal lymphocytes a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release. These results showed that Axinella sinoxea extract has a selective toxicity on chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes and their mitochondria and hence may be considered as a promising anti CLL candidate for further studies needed as a supplement for cancer patients in the future
{"title":"Standardized Extract of the Persian Gulf Sponge, Axinella Sinoxea Selectively Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria in Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells","authors":"A. Salimi, Mehrnoush Pir Saharkhiz, A. Motallebi, Enayatollah Seydi, A. Mohseni, M. Nazemi, J. Pourahmad","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"Sponges are important components of the Persian Gulf animal communities. The marine sponges of the genus Axinella sinoxea is are a genus of sponges in the family Axinellidae . Species of Axinella sinoxea occur in the India, Pacific Oceans and also Persian Gulf. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease characterized by the relentless accumulation of CD5 + B lymphocytes. CLL is the most common leukemia in adults, about 25–30% of all leukemias. In this study B lymphocytes mitochondria (both cancerous and non-cancerous) were isolated using differential centrifugation from peripheral blood samples and succinate dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling and finally release of cytochrome C were examined following the addition of methanolic extract of Axinella sinoxea . Our results showed that only in mitochondria isolated from cancerous BUT NOT normal lymphocytes a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release. These results showed that Axinella sinoxea extract has a selective toxicity on chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes and their mitochondria and hence may be considered as a promising anti CLL candidate for further studies needed as a supplement for cancer patients in the future","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"23 1","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78117159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.6
C. Myers
Prostate cancer exhibits both epithelial to mesenchymal transition and neuroendocrine differentiation. The major barrier to targeting epithelial to mesenchymal transition is that it is heavily involved with normal biology, such as wound repair. In prostate cancer, cAMP can trigger both neuroendocrine differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a Snail-dependent manner We will review inhibition of cAMP-signaling as a target for drug development with the goal of simultaneously blocking both neuroendocrine differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a tissue and tumor selective manner.
{"title":"Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer: cAMP-Dependent Signaling as a Therapeutic Target","authors":"C. Myers","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2015.04.04.6","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer exhibits both epithelial to mesenchymal transition and neuroendocrine differentiation. The major barrier to targeting epithelial to mesenchymal transition is that it is heavily involved with normal biology, such as wound repair. In prostate cancer, cAMP can trigger both neuroendocrine differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a Snail-dependent manner We will review inhibition of cAMP-signaling as a target for drug development with the goal of simultaneously blocking both neuroendocrine differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a tissue and tumor selective manner.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90949202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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