Pub Date : 2016-08-10DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.03.2
V. Vuksanović, N. Terzić, D. Vujošević
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms commonly affect older men. Men with BPH in Podgorica in almost half (47.5%) cases have positive urine culture, out of which 14.2% have polyinfection. Urinary tract infections are most common in the age group 71 to 80 years. Although both groups of men (with and without BPH) are more prone to gram-negative bacterial infections of the urinary tract, K. pneumoniae is significantly more common in men with BPH compared with men without BPH. The results indicate that treatment of men with BPH is much more complex than in men without BPH due to the fact that in the treatment, a number of strains are resistant to levofloxacin (resistance of gram-negative bacteria to levofloxacin at the level of 80.4%, with 89.7% of resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and 73.3% of E . coli strains, as well as resistance of gram-positive bacteria at level of 24.8%, with resistant strains of enterococci in 64.7% of the strains) and β-lactam antibiotics (53.4% of isolated gram-negative bacteria synthesize ESBL enzymes out of which K. pneumoniae in up to 89.7% of the strains). Also, men with BPH have multi drug resistant strains in 53.1% of gram-positive bacteria and 79.7% of gram-negative bacteria. Carbapenems still represent a reserve group of drugs that have a good therapeutic effect in 93.2% of urinary tract infections in men with BPH.
{"title":"Most Commonly Isolated Bacteria in Urine and their In Vitro Sensitivity to Antibiotics in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","authors":"V. Vuksanović, N. Terzić, D. Vujošević","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms commonly affect older men. Men with BPH in Podgorica in almost half (47.5%) cases have positive urine culture, out of which 14.2% have polyinfection. Urinary tract infections are most common in the age group 71 to 80 years. Although both groups of men (with and without BPH) are more prone to gram-negative bacterial infections of the urinary tract, K. pneumoniae is significantly more common in men with BPH compared with men without BPH. The results indicate that treatment of men with BPH is much more complex than in men without BPH due to the fact that in the treatment, a number of strains are resistant to levofloxacin (resistance of gram-negative bacteria to levofloxacin at the level of 80.4%, with 89.7% of resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and 73.3% of E . coli strains, as well as resistance of gram-positive bacteria at level of 24.8%, with resistant strains of enterococci in 64.7% of the strains) and β-lactam antibiotics (53.4% of isolated gram-negative bacteria synthesize ESBL enzymes out of which K. pneumoniae in up to 89.7% of the strains). Also, men with BPH have multi drug resistant strains in 53.1% of gram-positive bacteria and 79.7% of gram-negative bacteria. Carbapenems still represent a reserve group of drugs that have a good therapeutic effect in 93.2% of urinary tract infections in men with BPH.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"22 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86928796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-10DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.03.3
Yaqing Yuan, Hao Qiu, Gao Jingdong, Z. Wang, Chunlian Liu, Zhenhua Liu, Zhi Jiang, Li Yongjian, Wu Shiliang
Triptolide is a bioactive natural products isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Clinical studies reveal that triptolide can be used in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, some studies revealed that triptolide has anti-tumor effects, which attracts more and more attention. This experiment aimed to explore the relationship between anti-tumor effects of triptolide and N-type polylactosamine. With increasing the concentration of triptolide, the viability of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was reduced significantly and the polylactosamine expression on these cells declined as well. In addition, the expression of β1, 3-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (β3GnT8) participated in catalyzing the synthesis of N-type polylactosamine was also decreased and the expression of genes and proteins of downstream signaling was altered consequently. Finally, triptolide weakened the cancer cells invasion and migration. All of these indicate that triptolide can impair MCF-7 and HepG2 cells invasion and migration through downregulating the expression of polylactosamine chains. These studies establish that triptolide is a potential novel therapy in breast cancer and hepatic carcinoma.
雷公藤甲素是从传统中草药雷公藤中分离得到的具有生物活性的天然产物。临床研究显示雷公藤甲素可用于自身免疫性疾病，如类风湿关节炎、肾脏疾病和系统性红斑狼疮。近年来，一些研究发现雷公藤甲素具有抗肿瘤作用，越来越受到人们的关注。本实验旨在探讨雷公藤甲素与n型聚乳胺抗肿瘤作用的关系。随着雷公藤甲素浓度的增加，MCF-7和HepG2细胞的活力明显降低，多乳糖胺在这些细胞上的表达也下降。此外，参与催化n型聚乳糖胺合成的β 1,3 - n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶(β3GnT8)的表达也降低，下游信号传导基因和蛋白的表达也随之改变。最后，雷公藤甲素可以减弱癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。这些都表明雷公藤甲素通过下调聚乳胺链的表达来影响MCF-7和HepG2细胞的侵袭和迁移。这些研究表明雷公藤甲素是一种潜在的治疗乳腺癌和肝癌的新药物。
{"title":"Triptolide Inhibits MCF-7 and HepG2 Cells Invasion and Migration by Inhibiting the Synthesis of Polylactosamine Chains","authors":"Yaqing Yuan, Hao Qiu, Gao Jingdong, Z. Wang, Chunlian Liu, Zhenhua Liu, Zhi Jiang, Li Yongjian, Wu Shiliang","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.03.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.03.3","url":null,"abstract":"Triptolide is a bioactive natural products isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Clinical studies reveal that triptolide can be used in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, some studies revealed that triptolide has anti-tumor effects, which attracts more and more attention. This experiment aimed to explore the relationship between anti-tumor effects of triptolide and N-type polylactosamine. With increasing the concentration of triptolide, the viability of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was reduced significantly and the polylactosamine expression on these cells declined as well. In addition, the expression of β1, 3-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (β3GnT8) participated in catalyzing the synthesis of N-type polylactosamine was also decreased and the expression of genes and proteins of downstream signaling was altered consequently. Finally, triptolide weakened the cancer cells invasion and migration. All of these indicate that triptolide can impair MCF-7 and HepG2 cells invasion and migration through downregulating the expression of polylactosamine chains. These studies establish that triptolide is a potential novel therapy in breast cancer and hepatic carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"76 1","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84624264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-06DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.4
J. Zekri, S. Karim, A. Al-Shehri, M. Mahrous, T. Darwish, H. E. Taani
Background : Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant healthcare burden worldwide and in the Middle East (ME). KRAS mutation confers resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in the treatment of advanced CRC. Data regarding the rate of KRAS mutation from the ME are scattered and scarce. We aim to collect and review all sizable studies evaluating the frequency of KRAS mutations in CRC patients from the ME. Method : A Pubmed and Google Scholar search was conducted using keywords including KRAS, K-ras, colorectal cancer and Middle East, along with names of each ME country. Studies including over 90 patients were included in the review. Result : Eleven studies containing more than 90 patients were identified. Among all eleven studies, KRAS mutation rate ranged from 13 to 56%. Five studies reported KRAS mutation rate in M1 stage either exclusively or as part of subgroup analysis. In these studies, mutations were found in 8-45% of cases. KRAS mutations were associated with female gender, M1 stage and high CEA in 3, 2, and 1 studies respectively. Conclusion : There is a broad range of variability in KRAS mutation rate reported in different studies from the ME. This may have been due to small number of patients in the studies and lack of centralized testing for KRAS mutations. Larger and more coordinated studies from the ME population are required to ascertain the accuracy of KRAS mutation rate.
{"title":"Frequency and Clinical Impact of KRAS Mutations in Patients with Colorectal Cancer from the Middle East","authors":"J. Zekri, S. Karim, A. Al-Shehri, M. Mahrous, T. Darwish, H. E. Taani","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant healthcare burden worldwide and in the Middle East (ME). KRAS mutation confers resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in the treatment of advanced CRC. Data regarding the rate of KRAS mutation from the ME are scattered and scarce. We aim to collect and review all sizable studies evaluating the frequency of KRAS mutations in CRC patients from the ME. Method : A Pubmed and Google Scholar search was conducted using keywords including KRAS, K-ras, colorectal cancer and Middle East, along with names of each ME country. Studies including over 90 patients were included in the review. Result : Eleven studies containing more than 90 patients were identified. Among all eleven studies, KRAS mutation rate ranged from 13 to 56%. Five studies reported KRAS mutation rate in M1 stage either exclusively or as part of subgroup analysis. In these studies, mutations were found in 8-45% of cases. KRAS mutations were associated with female gender, M1 stage and high CEA in 3, 2, and 1 studies respectively. Conclusion : There is a broad range of variability in KRAS mutation rate reported in different studies from the ME. This may have been due to small number of patients in the studies and lack of centralized testing for KRAS mutations. Larger and more coordinated studies from the ME population are required to ascertain the accuracy of KRAS mutation rate.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"31 1","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87228481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-06DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.5
J. Nicola, A. Masini-Repiso
Although uncommon, thyroid cancer constitutes the main endocrine neoplasia with an incidence rate that has been increasing steadily over the past decades. Recently, remarkable advances have occurred in understanding the biology of thyroid cancer. Novel germline and somatic point mutations as well as somatic chromosomal rearrangements associated with thyroid carcinogenesis have been discovered. Strikingly, acquired knowledge in the genetics of thyroid cancer has been translated into clinical practice, offering better diagnostic and prognostic accuracy and enabling the development of novel compounds for the treatment of advanced thyroid carcinomas. Even after 70 years, radioiodide therapy remains as the central treatment for advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. However, the mechanisms leading to reduced radioiodide accumulation in the tumor cell remain partially understood. Radioiodide-refractory thyroid cancer metastasis constitutes a central problem in the management of thyroid cancer patients. In recent years, the antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib and lenvatinib have been approved for the treatment of advanced radioiodide-refractory thyroid carcinoma. Moreover, still on clinical phase of study, oncogene-specific and oncogene-activated signaling inhibitors have shown promising effects in recovering radioiodide accumulation in radioiodide-refractory thyroid cancer metastasis. Further clinical trials of these therapeutic agents may soon change the management of thyroid cancer. This review summarizes the latest advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid cancer, the mechanisms leading to reduced radioiodide accumulation in thyroid tumors and the results of clinical trials assessing emerging therapeutics for radioiodide-refractory thyroid carcinomas in the era of targeted therapies.
{"title":"Emerging Therapeutics for Radioiodide-Refractory Thyroid Cancer","authors":"J. Nicola, A. Masini-Repiso","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.5","url":null,"abstract":"Although uncommon, thyroid cancer constitutes the main endocrine neoplasia with an incidence rate that has been increasing steadily over the past decades. Recently, remarkable advances have occurred in understanding the biology of thyroid cancer. Novel germline and somatic point mutations as well as somatic chromosomal rearrangements associated with thyroid carcinogenesis have been discovered. Strikingly, acquired knowledge in the genetics of thyroid cancer has been translated into clinical practice, offering better diagnostic and prognostic accuracy and enabling the development of novel compounds for the treatment of advanced thyroid carcinomas. Even after 70 years, radioiodide therapy remains as the central treatment for advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. However, the mechanisms leading to reduced radioiodide accumulation in the tumor cell remain partially understood. Radioiodide-refractory thyroid cancer metastasis constitutes a central problem in the management of thyroid cancer patients. In recent years, the antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib and lenvatinib have been approved for the treatment of advanced radioiodide-refractory thyroid carcinoma. Moreover, still on clinical phase of study, oncogene-specific and oncogene-activated signaling inhibitors have shown promising effects in recovering radioiodide accumulation in radioiodide-refractory thyroid cancer metastasis. Further clinical trials of these therapeutic agents may soon change the management of thyroid cancer. This review summarizes the latest advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid cancer, the mechanisms leading to reduced radioiodide accumulation in thyroid tumors and the results of clinical trials assessing emerging therapeutics for radioiodide-refractory thyroid carcinomas in the era of targeted therapies.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"35 1","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-06DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.3
D. Tzerkovsky, Y. Istomin, T. Artemieva, Yuri Grachev, F. Borichevsky
Aim : to view the first clinical testing for intraoperative sono-photodynamic therapy (iSPDT) with a photosensitizer (PS) photolon for patient with recurrent glioblastoma grade IV. Materials and Methods : in patient with recurrent glioblastoma with Karnofsky score 80, a single intravenous injection of chlorin-based PS photolon at a dose of 2 mg/kg was administered 0.5 hour before tumor resection. The resection cavity were sonicated («Phyaction USTH 91», 1.04 MHz, 1.0 W/cm 2 ) and photoirradiated («PDT DIODE LASER», I»=660±5 nm, 50 J/cm 2 , 100 mW/cm 2 ). Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, Version 4.0). Immediate results were evaluated based on data magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results : no adverse events directly attributable to iSPDT occurred in patient. According to the MRI control in terms of 3 and 6 months revealed tumor stabilization. The follow-up after diagnosis verification was 23 months, post-iSPDT follow-up – 16.5 month and recurrence-free period – 6 months. Conclusion : iSPDT with photolon may be considered as a potentially effective and sufficiently safe option for adjuvant management of reccurent glioblastoma.
{"title":"Sono-Photodynamic Therapy with Photolon for Recurrence Glioblastoma Grade IV: Case Report and Review of Experimental Studies","authors":"D. Tzerkovsky, Y. Istomin, T. Artemieva, Yuri Grachev, F. Borichevsky","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"Aim : to view the first clinical testing for intraoperative sono-photodynamic therapy (iSPDT) with a photosensitizer (PS) photolon for patient with recurrent glioblastoma grade IV. Materials and Methods : in patient with recurrent glioblastoma with Karnofsky score 80, a single intravenous injection of chlorin-based PS photolon at a dose of 2 mg/kg was administered 0.5 hour before tumor resection. The resection cavity were sonicated («Phyaction USTH 91», 1.04 MHz, 1.0 W/cm 2 ) and photoirradiated («PDT DIODE LASER», I»=660±5 nm, 50 J/cm 2 , 100 mW/cm 2 ). Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, Version 4.0). Immediate results were evaluated based on data magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results : no adverse events directly attributable to iSPDT occurred in patient. According to the MRI control in terms of 3 and 6 months revealed tumor stabilization. The follow-up after diagnosis verification was 23 months, post-iSPDT follow-up – 16.5 month and recurrence-free period – 6 months. Conclusion : iSPDT with photolon may be considered as a potentially effective and sufficiently safe option for adjuvant management of reccurent glioblastoma.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"62 1","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83983565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-06DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.2
J. Tafalla-García, P. Salinas-Hernández, M. C. Fernández-Chacón, J. Rodriguez
We present a documented case report of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis after transrectal biopsy (TRUSB) complicated by sepsis due to Escherichia coli. The Images and histological examination showed an every day more frequent complication. We review the methods of diagnosis and treatment and compare with the scarce literature.
{"title":"Vertebral Osteomyelitis as a Complication Following Transrectal Biopsy: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"J. Tafalla-García, P. Salinas-Hernández, M. C. Fernández-Chacón, J. Rodriguez","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"We present a documented case report of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis after transrectal biopsy (TRUSB) complicated by sepsis due to Escherichia coli. The Images and histological examination showed an every day more frequent complication. We review the methods of diagnosis and treatment and compare with the scarce literature.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78801942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-06DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.1
Jason S. Hamilton, G. Verbeck
Breast cancer develops in an adipose rich environment of normal adipocytes that are known to aid in tumor progression through an unknown method of lipid transfer from normal cells to tumor cells. Much research is built around lipid analysis of breast tumor and adjacent normal tissues to identify variations in the lipidome to gain an understanding of the role lipids play in progressing cancer. Ideally, single-cell analysis methods coupled to mass spectrometry that retain spatial information are best suited for this endeavor. However, many single-cell analysis methods are not capable of subcellular analysis of intact lipids while maintaining spatial information. One-Cell analysis is a true single-cell technique with the precision to extract single organelles from intact tissues while not interfering or disrupting adjacent cells. This method is used to extract and analyze single organelles from individual cells using nanomanipulation coupled to nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Presented here is a demonstration of the analysis of single lipid bodies from two different sets of breast tumor and normal adjacent tissues to elucidate the fatty acid composition of triglycerides using One-Cell analysis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. As a result, thirteen fatty acid species unique to the tumor tissues were identified, five in one set of tissues and eight in the other set.
{"title":"One-Cell Analysis as a Technique for True Single-Cell Analysis of Organelles in Breast Tumor and Adjacent Normal Tissue to Profile Fatty Acid Composition of Triglyceride Species","authors":"Jason S. Hamilton, G. Verbeck","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer develops in an adipose rich environment of normal adipocytes that are known to aid in tumor progression through an unknown method of lipid transfer from normal cells to tumor cells. Much research is built around lipid analysis of breast tumor and adjacent normal tissues to identify variations in the lipidome to gain an understanding of the role lipids play in progressing cancer. Ideally, single-cell analysis methods coupled to mass spectrometry that retain spatial information are best suited for this endeavor. However, many single-cell analysis methods are not capable of subcellular analysis of intact lipids while maintaining spatial information. One-Cell analysis is a true single-cell technique with the precision to extract single organelles from intact tissues while not interfering or disrupting adjacent cells. This method is used to extract and analyze single organelles from individual cells using nanomanipulation coupled to nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Presented here is a demonstration of the analysis of single lipid bodies from two different sets of breast tumor and normal adjacent tissues to elucidate the fatty acid composition of triglycerides using One-Cell analysis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. As a result, thirteen fatty acid species unique to the tumor tissues were identified, five in one set of tissues and eight in the other set.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"96 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82489238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-06DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.3
O. Youssef, V. Sarhadi, L. Lehtimäki, Milja Tikkanen, A. Kokkola, P. Puolakkainen, G. Armengol, S. Knuutila
It is well-known that colorectal carcinoma is a disease involving multistep carcinogenesis (hyperplasia-adenoma-carcinoma-metastasizing carcinoma). It is also a disease where therapeutically important driver mutations (especially in the EGFR signaling pathway) have been identified. Since genetic mutations can serve as good diagnostic and predictive markers, their reliable detection in the early stages of the disease and also in the follow-up of treatment efficacy is crucial. There is a fundamental problem encountered with the commonly used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from biopsied tumor tissue i.e. it is unlikely that the material for the mutation analysis will be available in either the early stage of the disease or during the treatment period. Therefore recently attempts have been made to identify reliable markers from plasma/serum or from stool specimens. In particular, non-invasive stool specimens have been speculated to represent the situation of ongoing tumorigenesis and thus they can be used to assess treatment efficacy in the follow-up of the patient. The key aims of this paper are firstly, to review the key methodological points when studying genomic alterations in DNA extracted from cells in stool specimens, and secondly, to review results related to biomarker screening and their therapeutic importance. A further aim is to present our new findings by focusing on the issues inherent in Next Generation Sequencing of stool specimens from patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Even though the focus of our paper is human genomic alterations in stool specimens, in our “future aspects” chapter, we also deal with the bacterial spectrum and its possible interaction with the genomic mutations.
{"title":"Mutations by Next Generation Sequencing in Stool DNA from Colorectal Carcinoma Patients - A Literature Review and our Experience with this Methodology","authors":"O. Youssef, V. Sarhadi, L. Lehtimäki, Milja Tikkanen, A. Kokkola, P. Puolakkainen, G. Armengol, S. Knuutila","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"It is well-known that colorectal carcinoma is a disease involving multistep carcinogenesis (hyperplasia-adenoma-carcinoma-metastasizing carcinoma). It is also a disease where therapeutically important driver mutations (especially in the EGFR signaling pathway) have been identified. Since genetic mutations can serve as good diagnostic and predictive markers, their reliable detection in the early stages of the disease and also in the follow-up of treatment efficacy is crucial. There is a fundamental problem encountered with the commonly used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from biopsied tumor tissue i.e. it is unlikely that the material for the mutation analysis will be available in either the early stage of the disease or during the treatment period. Therefore recently attempts have been made to identify reliable markers from plasma/serum or from stool specimens. In particular, non-invasive stool specimens have been speculated to represent the situation of ongoing tumorigenesis and thus they can be used to assess treatment efficacy in the follow-up of the patient. The key aims of this paper are firstly, to review the key methodological points when studying genomic alterations in DNA extracted from cells in stool specimens, and secondly, to review results related to biomarker screening and their therapeutic importance. A further aim is to present our new findings by focusing on the issues inherent in Next Generation Sequencing of stool specimens from patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Even though the focus of our paper is human genomic alterations in stool specimens, in our “future aspects” chapter, we also deal with the bacterial spectrum and its possible interaction with the genomic mutations.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"11 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73216975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.2
P. F. Fedatto, Thais Inácio de Carvalho, J. C. Oliveira, D. Antônio, J. Pezuk, D. Tirapelli, O. Féres, J. J. Rocha, C. Scrideli, L. Tone, M. Brassesco
Background : MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA that act as negative regulators of gene expression. Altered levels of miR-708-5p have recently been described in many tumors, although its contribution in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathophysiology remains unclear. Methods/Patients : Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the expression of miR-708-5p in 50 CRC and 20 paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. The relationship between miRNA levels and clinicopathological features was estimated using the Mann-Whitney test, and survival curves calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to investigate the possible role of miR-708-5p on CRC cell survival. Results : The expression level of miR-708-5p was significantly decreased in CRC tissues (3.79 fold-change, p=0.0112) when compared with non-neoplastic colon samples. Paired analysis in 20 CRC samples with their corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissue showed miR-708 downregulation in 60% of them. The same pattern was seen in DLD1 and HT-29 cell lines (~50-fold decrease). Interestingly, higher expression is observed in patients with poor prognosis such as stage III/IV, relapse/metastasis and death, and shorter 5-year event free survival. Exogenous expression of miR-708 exerted a significant influence on clonogenicity in vitro . Conclusion : These results suggest that reduced miR-708-5p expression may contribute to the first stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. A shift in the regulation of miR-708-5p might operate in more severe stages of the disease. It seems that lower levels of miR-708 expression might connote less advanced disease and better prognosis. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results and better elucidate the role of miR-708 in CRC.
{"title":"MiR-708-5p as a Predictive Marker of Colorectal Cancer Prognosis","authors":"P. F. Fedatto, Thais Inácio de Carvalho, J. C. Oliveira, D. Antônio, J. Pezuk, D. Tirapelli, O. Féres, J. J. Rocha, C. Scrideli, L. Tone, M. Brassesco","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA that act as negative regulators of gene expression. Altered levels of miR-708-5p have recently been described in many tumors, although its contribution in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathophysiology remains unclear. Methods/Patients : Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the expression of miR-708-5p in 50 CRC and 20 paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. The relationship between miRNA levels and clinicopathological features was estimated using the Mann-Whitney test, and survival curves calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to investigate the possible role of miR-708-5p on CRC cell survival. Results : The expression level of miR-708-5p was significantly decreased in CRC tissues (3.79 fold-change, p=0.0112) when compared with non-neoplastic colon samples. Paired analysis in 20 CRC samples with their corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissue showed miR-708 downregulation in 60% of them. The same pattern was seen in DLD1 and HT-29 cell lines (~50-fold decrease). Interestingly, higher expression is observed in patients with poor prognosis such as stage III/IV, relapse/metastasis and death, and shorter 5-year event free survival. Exogenous expression of miR-708 exerted a significant influence on clonogenicity in vitro . Conclusion : These results suggest that reduced miR-708-5p expression may contribute to the first stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. A shift in the regulation of miR-708-5p might operate in more severe stages of the disease. It seems that lower levels of miR-708 expression might connote less advanced disease and better prognosis. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results and better elucidate the role of miR-708 in CRC.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"15 1","pages":"14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73348965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.5
S. Yuasa, Megumi Kabeya, R. Furuta, S. Hibi, C. Koga, S. Nagao, K. Ina
We present a 72-year-old woman with sigmoid colon cancer in whom the somatic pain was alleviated rapidly after the administration of anti-epidermal growth factor antibodies. Our patient had received 4 cycles of FOLFIRI therapy (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin) in combination with panitumumab (Pmab) for the treatment of unresectable primary cancer accompanied with multiple liver metastases and peritonitis carcinomatosa. As grade 3 paronychia eventually occurred, chemotherapy was stopped. After recovery of the grade 3 paronychia, Pmab was re-introduced and administered every alternate cycle to reduce the extent of adverse events. The patient had complained of somatic pain in the lower right abdomen just before re-initiating Pmab administration. The pain intensity decreased immediately after the administration of Pmab. On the next day her pain had remarkably alleviated and she was free from pain for a week. This phenomenon was repeatedly observed. After the re-introduction of Pmab, tumor response was evaluated on computed tomography, which showed progressive disease. We demonstrated that Pmab was effective in the alleviation of somatic pain, although the size of the tumors gradually increased.
{"title":"A Case of Sigmoid Colon Cancer in which Somatic Pain was Rapidly Alleviated after Panitumumab Administration Despite Tumor Progression","authors":"S. Yuasa, Megumi Kabeya, R. Furuta, S. Hibi, C. Koga, S. Nagao, K. Ina","doi":"10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"We present a 72-year-old woman with sigmoid colon cancer in whom the somatic pain was alleviated rapidly after the administration of anti-epidermal growth factor antibodies. Our patient had received 4 cycles of FOLFIRI therapy (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin) in combination with panitumumab (Pmab) for the treatment of unresectable primary cancer accompanied with multiple liver metastases and peritonitis carcinomatosa. As grade 3 paronychia eventually occurred, chemotherapy was stopped. After recovery of the grade 3 paronychia, Pmab was re-introduced and administered every alternate cycle to reduce the extent of adverse events. The patient had complained of somatic pain in the lower right abdomen just before re-initiating Pmab administration. The pain intensity decreased immediately after the administration of Pmab. On the next day her pain had remarkably alleviated and she was free from pain for a week. This phenomenon was repeatedly observed. After the re-introduction of Pmab, tumor response was evaluated on computed tomography, which showed progressive disease. We demonstrated that Pmab was effective in the alleviation of somatic pain, although the size of the tumors gradually increased.","PeriodicalId":14957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Oncology","volume":"11 1","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89370097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：